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SSS VA SSNS) ) AS pO Als MKS ass 


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Tus edition of Bullions’s Latin Reader contains about 50 pages 
of Exercises on the Principles and Rules of Bullions and Morris’s 
Latin Grammar, in the regular order of their presentation in that 
book with direct references in heavy-faced figures to its para- 
graphs. These introductory Exercises are for the most part sim- 
ple, and in such variety that, with those in the Latin Grammar, 
they give the opportunity of having the principles of both Ety- 
mology and Syntax rendered very familiar to the mind of the pupil. 

Pages from 337 to 380 contain explanations of the leading Idioms 
of the Latia Language, arranged under proper heads, and illustrated 
by numerous examples, all of which are numbered so as to be 
easily referred to for the purpose of illustrating similar modes of 
expression which occur in the course of reading, as is more fully 
explained on page vi., in “ Explanation of References.” Though 
this part is intended chiefly for reference, much advantage will be 
derived from studying it in course in short lessons, simultaneously 
with lessons in reading and parsing, and rendering the whole 
familiar by frequent reviews. 

The Introductory Exercises, from page 60 to page 79, consist of 
short and simple sentences classed in such a way as to illustrate 
the leading grammatical principles in the construction of sentences, 
both single and compound, and by a sufficient number of examples 
to render these principles familiar and easy of application. In 
these, as well as throughout the body of the work, constant refer- 
ence is made to the Bullions’s and Bullions and Morris’s Grammars, 
as well as to the Latin Idioms, to illustrate and explain the prin- 
ciples of the language as they occur, and, by repeated reference, to 
render them familiar to the pupil, and impress them indelibly on 
his mind. These references are more numerous at first ; but when 
any construction or idiom may be supposed to have become fami- 
liar, the references to it are less frequent; and the pupil is left to 
exercise the knowledge acquired, in applying the principles with- 
out the aid of references. The construction and use of the sub- 
junctive mood being one of the greatest difficulties and niceties of 
the language, and all important to be well understood, references 
for explanation to the Grammar and Idioms, are more numerous 
and longer continued on this point than on any other. 


Vi522?704 


iv PREFACE. * 


These references also form a sort of index, by which the pupil 
may be able to find at once other constructions of a similar kind 
in the portion of the work previously studied, and so compare the 
one with the other. For example, the letter ', p. 103, refers to the 
Grammar, 627, 5; by running the eye back along the references at 
the foot of the page, the same construction will be found at the 
letter ?, p. 95; at°, p. 90; at4,p. 89; at4, p. "87, &e.; all of which 
may thus be compared with great facility. 

The method of reference and explanation here adopted entirely 
supersedes the use of notes, by rendering them unnecessary, and 
it is believed will prove vastly more profitable to the student than 
any number of notes could be, which generally do nothing more 
than give the meaning of an idiom or phrase in a free translation, 
without any explanation of its construction. Though this sort of 
aid enables the pupil to get along with the translation of a sen- 
tence, it leaves him as much in the dark as ever respecting its 
construction. The consequence is, that when he meets with a 
similar construction again in different words, he is as much at a 
loss as ever, and finds his progress arrested, unless he is again 
lifted over blindfolded by the aid of another friendly note. It is 
obvious that persons, in this way, may go over much surface; and 
if they have a memory capable of bringing to their aid the trans- 
lation in the note when it is wanted, they may be able to give a 
good translation of what they have gone over, and yet know 
nothing, or next to nothing, of the construction of what they have 
read ; and hence it happens, that knowing but little of principles, 
or of the method of analyzing the idioms and more difficult con- 
structions of the language, whenever they come to an author or 
passage where the wonted supply of notes is wanting, they find 
themselves unable to proceed understandingly. It is therefore not 
without reason that many of our best teachers think that such 
notes, like translations, do more evil than good. This evil, it is 
hoped, is in a great measure avoided by the method here pursued ; 
for while all needful assistance is furnished, it can be attained only 
by referring to the grammatical principle which contains the 
explanation needed; and which soon becomes so familiar, that it 
can be readily applied to the analyzing of every sentence in which 
it is involved. 

The primary meaning of a word is not always its most 
common meaning: it may even have passcd into disuse; but 
still it is necessary to be known, in order to have a clue to its 


. 


PREFACE. : Vv 


various derived significations, both in its simple and compound 
forms. If instead of the primary, a secondary and distant mcan- 
ing, though a more common one, should be associated in the mind 
with the word, it will be found impossible in many instances to 
account for, or to perceive any sort of propriety or analogy in its 
use in certain cases. Take, as an example, the verb emo, the more 
common but not the primary meaning of which is, “to buy,” and 
it will be impossible to trace any sort of connection between such 
a meaning and that of its compounds, adimo, eximo, interimo, 
perimo, dirimo, and the like. But assign to emo its primary mean- 
ing, “ to take,” and the whole is perceived at once to be clear and 
consistent. This one example will show how important it is that 
not only the derivation and composition of words should be fully 
exhibited in a good dictionary, but also, tHat the radical and pri- 
mary signification of all words, where that can be ascertained, 
should be first stated, and then the secondary and more distant 
meanings in that order which appears the most natural. In this 
respect, our school dictionaries are generally defective. In the 
Latin-English Dictionary of this series, and also in the Vocabulary 
appended to this work, the plan just stated has been followed ; so 
that the pupil is here furnished with the means of tracing every 
derivative and compound word to its source, if that is in the 
Latin language, (derivations from the Greek not being given,) and 
of ascertaining what is the primary signification of each word, 
from the best authorities within my reach, as well as those signifi- 
cations which are more common, or which belong to the words in 
the various places where they occur in this work. Care has been 
taken in connection with this also to distinguish those words 
usually considered as synonyms.* 

A few Exercises in Composition are appended, see page 325, 
drawn, as will be perceived, from the reading lessons indicated 
both by the number of the page and the paragraph. Lessons in 
composition, of the simplest character and to any extent, may be 
framed in the same way from every reading lesson, or even from 
every sentence, and rendered into Latin, either orally in the class, 
or as an exercise in writing, as suggested in the remarks prefixed 
to the Exercises themselves. 

This book is, in fact, a supplement to the Grammar, and the 
foundation of thorough scholarship must be laid here. 





* This plan is carried out in Bullions’s Latin-English Dictionary. 


EXPLANATION OF RHEFERENCKS. 


Tn references at the foot of each page are intended chiefly to 
explain the construction. Those before page 59, are to paragraphs 
of Bullions & Morris’s Latin Grammar; those after that page 
which have “ Grammars” prefixed, are to both Bullions’s and Bul. 
lions & Morris’s Latin Grammars , the Roman figures, as 45, indi- 
cating the number of the paragraph in Bullions’s Latin Grammar 
referred to; and the heavy-faced figures, as #5, indicating the 
paragraph in Bullions & Morris’s Latin Grammar referred to. 


In the references which have Id. or Idioms prefixed, the first 
number directs to the corresponding number in the Idioms on 
page 337 of this book, and the second to the example under that 
number. Thus, for example, 42, 1, directs to the example, Dignus 
qui améter, (p. 23), and shows how the words gwi améter, in that, 
and all similar constructions, are to be translated. The words 
particularly referred to and intended to be noticed in the reference, 
are distinguished by being printed in a different character. Tle 
references are intended to explain particular phrases and idioms, and 
to give an example of the mode of translating them. This will be 
found a more valuable aid in translating than notes, as it reduces 
the idioms of the language to a sort of system, with every part of 
which the attentive pupil will soon become familiar. . 


When § is placed before a number in Roman figures used else- 
where than at the foot of the page, for reference, the number indi- 
cates the section of Bullions’s Latin Grammar referred to. The 
heavy-faced figures used in connection with such a section refer- 
ence, refer to a paragraph in Bullions & Morris’s Latin Grammar. 


In many cases there is a reference both to the Grammar and to 
the Idioms. All of these should be carefully looked out and 
applied. 

In the references to the Rules of Syntax in the Grammar, if there 
is only one Rule in the section, it is indicated simply by the letter 
R; if there are more than one, the number of the Rule is annexed. 

xp. refers to the Explanation under the rule. Words to be sup- 
plied are indicated by the syllable “ Sup.” for “ supply,” prefixed. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


ORTHOGRAPHY (?). 


What (citer in the English alphabet is not found in Latin? 
In what words is ‘‘y” found? Name the diphthongs in the fol- 
lowing words? The mutes? The liquids ? 

Cesar. Proelium. Conspectu. Dixi. Ferre. Amat. 
Muse. Quid (5). Hee. Aurum: Heu. Phebus. 
Anudax. Urbs. Miles. Népés. Lingua. Nihil. Queror. 


How did the ancients punctuate?’ How many systems of pro- 
nunciation are used in the United States? Tell the number of 
syllables in each of the following words (72)? 

Dare. Stare. Ire. Manes. Monte. JDiéi. Sese. 
Ames. Grates. Ore. Dice. Mores. Fides. Vulpes. 
Sites. Fore. Fame. Extréme. Late. 

Give the rules for dividing Latin words into syllables? 
In the following list, divide the words into syllables? Name 
the dissyllables, trissyllables, etc.? Also the penults and ante- 
penults (12, 15)? . 

Delecto. Factiirus. Ferinus. Ostendére. Orcus. 
Pardus. Promitto. Prolapsus. Priamus.  Scriptus. 
Sectatus. Distribuére. Ductus. Dissimilis. Civitas. 
Cognomen. Colloquium. Versitus. Vestigium. Vin- 
cilum. Victima. Villicus. Vestis. Tergum. Rex 
tamen pacem patébat. Junxérat. Victus. Rege (16-219). 

Give the quantity of the penuilis in the following list (26) ? 

Noster. Inter. Posse. Amissis. Propter. Cesar. 
Servos. Conquiruntur. Poposcit. Castris. Postea. Co- 
pias. Proclium. Filius. Raptus. Pupillus. Regnum. 
Capitolium. Prius. Sevus. Alger. Algeus. Agger. 


2 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


On which syllable are dissyllables accented? When do words 
of more than two syllables accent the penult, and when the ante- 
penult? Are monosyllables ever accented (20-22%)? Divide and 
accent the following words. Pronounce them according to the 
English, and also according to the Continental system. 

Aitas. Aitatis. Possé. Ergm Amicis. Réligio. 
Robustts. Victdr. Vodluntarits. Pulchér. Servus. 
Tempts. Tertits. Quattudr. Luxtrii. Greecii. Impé- 
rium. Incertis. Fructis. Fructis. Coerceo. Conjux. 
Me, te, re. Mihi, tibi, sibi, nds, vos, nobis, vobis. Contra. 


ETYMOLOGY (?4). 


What part of speech in English is not found in Latin (26)? 
What parts of speech in Latin are declined? Point out the 
‘proper and common nouns in the following, and state whether they 
are collective, abstract, or material nouns (30): 


a NON 
Tibéris, the Tiber. Tullus, [a Roman king.| Hora, 
an hour. Pax, peace. Nattra, nature. Horatius, Horace. 
Seditio, a rebellion. Filius, a son. Plumbum, lead. 
Familie, a family. Judex, a judge. Poptlus, people. 
_ Libertas, diderty. Bellum, war. Gallia, Gaul. Concilium, 
a council Judcunditas, pleasaniness. Lignum, wood. 


Gender. 

In English what nouns are masculine, what are feminine, and 
what are neuter (Sullions’s Practical Hnglish Grammar, 123-125) ? 
In Latin, nouns of what signification are masculine ? of what signifi- 
cation are feminine? Of what signification are neuter (33-35)? 
State the gender of the following nouns, from signification ; 

Puer,a boy. Pater, a father. Mulier,a woman. Filia, 
a daughter. Nihil (indeclinable), nothing (35). Nefas 
(indecl.), wickedness. Agricdla, a farmer. Notus, the 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 3 


south wind (33). Roma, Rome. Attica, [a country| (34). 
Rex, a king. Auster, a south wind. Eurus, the south- 
east wind. Januarius, January. Malus, the apple-tree. 
Poéta, a poet. Salix, a willow tree. Priamus, Priam. 
Puella, a girl. Thasus, [an island. | 

Nore.—The gender of most Latin nouns is determined by the 


ending of the declension, the rules for which may be found in 
Builions and Morris’s Latin Grammar, under each declension. 


Case. 


How many cases are there in Latin? Whieh are the oblique cases 
(42)? The Nominative corresponds to what in English (43)? 
The Genitive to what? The Dative? The Accusative? The 
Vocative? The Ablative? By what case in Latin must the fol- 
lowing nouns be translated ? 

Of aboy. To a boy. O friend. For a man. The 
horseruns. A man gives a book toaboy. A man strikes 
a gorse with a whip. In a city. The soldiers were 
moted by pity. Rome was named from the name of 
Romulus. The king’s house (=the house of the king. 
See Bullions’s Practical English Grammar, 176). John, 
come here. Love of glory. Cwsar’s army was victorious. 


DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 


How many declensions in Latin (44)? How are they distin- 
guished? Whatis meant by the Theme (#6)? What ismeant by 
the case-ending, or Termination? What are the general rules for 
the declension of nouns (£7)? Give the number of the Declen- 
sion of the following words; also the Theme : 

Dextra, gen. sing. dextre; dolor, gen. sing. doloris ; 
factum, gen. sing. facti; fuga, gen. sing. fuge; dies, gen. 
sing. diti; cantus, gen. sing. cantiis; urbs, ge. SING. 
urbis; lupus, lupi; seniitus, senattis; naunta, naute ; 
veru, vertis; moles, molis; premium, premli; sermo, 
sermonis; spes, spGi; vicinus, Vicini; sonitus, sonitus ; 
res; Fei; 


a.» 


4 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


EXERCISES FOR TRANSLATION. 


Note 1. Since in Latin there is no article, the pupil may supply, 
in translating, the definite or indefinite article as the sense may 
require. Penna may be translated “pen,” or “a pen,” or “the 
pen”; and Penne, in the plural, means “ pens,” or “ the pens.” 

2. Let each word be declined, and from the ending find out the 
case, and then translate, prefixing the “sign” of the case as found 
in the Grammar, £3, also see Idioms, 3-6." Where a word may be 
found in more than one case, let it be translated for each case. 


Scheme for the Etymological Parsing of a Noun.—1. Kind; 2. 
Gender ; 3. Declension ; 4. Decline; 5. Derived from (if derived); 
6. Case; '7. Number. 


FIRST DECLENSION (2). 


Penna. Penne. Are. Aram. - Massis. Stella. 
Ara. Puellam. Puelle. O puella (975). Aras. Ara- 
rum. Reginis. Reginairum. Filit. Regine (751). 
Ora. Ala Columbe (757). Ale columbirum. (Ora 
Italie (757). Casa agricdle. Reginas. Scientia geo- 
metriz. Nattra. Natiris. Ore Grecie (751). La- 
Vinie filia. Vite pugna. Ruina Troje. 

Give the gender of the following nouns from the termination (5.3). 

Hora. Cométes. Boreas. LBallista. Grammaticé, 
grammar. Stella. Midas. Dynastes, a sovereign. Epi- 
tome, an abridgment. Ainéas. Anchises. Tiaras, a 
turban. Peneldpe. Babylonia. 


VOCABULARY I. 


Puella, f,\girkolo Nauta, m., sailor. 
Regina, f., queen. Columba, f., a dove. 
Stat, (sto), stands. Stant, stand. 

Videt (video), sees. Vident, see. 


NotEe.—In the following exercises the numbers indicate the 
order for the arrangement of the words in Latin (1384). 


Translate into Latin—The girl stands. The girls 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 5 


stand. The sailors stand. The girls’ see* the queen.’ 
The girl’ sees’ the doves.’ The sailors’ see’ the girls.’ 
The queen stands. The dove sees the sailor. 


SECOND DECLENSION (58). 


Preelii. Prelio. Dominus. Domini. MHeu serve! 
(975). Equus domini. Ventis. Regno. Regna. Reg- 
norum. Donum. Magistros. Dona. Equi collum 
(751). Celi ventus. Donum domini. Cum gladio 
Romtli (470 and 982). Ab initio. Templi porta. 
Ovum galline. Cum regine dono. Agri domine. Dei 
octilis (67). Cum filiabus magistri (57). <A cceli 
vento. Cum otio. Ab née filio. 


Give the gender of the following nouns from the termina- 
tion (7 1). 

Ager. Barbiton, a@ lyre. Velum. Culter, a knife. 
Ramus. Bellum. Liber. Templum. 


VOCABULARY II. 


Equus, ™., a horse. Regnum, v., a kingdom. 
Puer, m., a boy. Donum, 7., a gift. 
Habet (habeo), has. Habent, have. 

Voeat (voco), calls. Vocant, call. 

Translate into Latin—The boy’ has*® a horse.? The 
boys’ have® gifts.” The sailor’ calls* the boys.? The 
boys’ see*® the horses.’ The boy’ calls* (his) horse.” The 
queen’ has’ a kingdom.” The girls’ have* gifts.” The 
horses stand. 

For gender of nouns in Third Declension, see 15 1-175. 


THIRD DECLENSION (73). 


Translate the following nouns, and point out those which 
“increase” (73, Obs.). 


Leo. Mare. Urbs. Moles. Mons. Hiems. Legio. 


6 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Lex. Lis. Navis. Dux. Lapis. Carmen. ‘Turris. 
Onus. Miles. Nubes. Caput. Cutis. Iter. Amor. 
Canis. 

IMPARISYLLABA (S86). 


Duci. Legis. Duces. Crux. Crucis. Urbem. Duci- 
bus.. Urbium. Montes. Artis. Ducem. Lex loci 
(751). Dux militum. Post Ainée mortem (981). 
- A nomine Romth. Nix. Nivis. Virtiite ducis. Nocti. 
Filia cum patre. Ab oratidne Cicerdnis. Ad Tempus. 
Temporibus. Carminis. Ad senectiitem. Ex militibus 
Cesiris. Onus. Onéra. Tempore. Carmina. Amore 
vitz. Liber de bonitaite. Cum labdre. Sine dignitite. 
Caput. Capita. Opus. Opéri. Operibus. Contra 
naturam. Pro patria. 


PARISYLLABA (98). 

Prolem. Mari. Maria. Auris. Auri. Nubes. Nu- 
bium. Subaure. Trans mare (987). Sermo de ani- 
malibus. In nubibus (988). Sedes regni. In mare 
(987). In navi. Innavem. Propter mare. Coram 
grue. 

VOCABULARY III. 


‘Dux, m., a leader. Carmen, %., @ song. 
Urbs, f,, @ city. Consul, m., a consul. 
Amat (amo), loves. Amant, love. 


Translate into Latin—The consul’ loves’ the city.* 
The boy’ sees* the horse® of the leader? (gen). The con- 
sul’ loves* the song* of the girl.’ The horse’ of the con- 
sul’ stands.” The queen’ calls* the leader.’ 


FOURTH DECLENSION (437). 


Motus. Motis. Fluctu. Fluctui. Cantuum. Can- 
tibus. Senaitu. Senitum. Senatuum. In tecto domis 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. i 


(751, 144). Cornu copie. Verua. Puelle cantus. 
Flucttis motus. Solisortus)s Amanu. Incursu. Post 
occisum solis. Permetum. Porticu templi. Beneficia 
Sendatis. 


FIFTH DECLENSION (146). 
Diei. Die. Faciem. Spe glorie. Facies. Index 
rerum. Sine die. In fidem. Ante*diem. Diébus. 


Cum manu militum. Sonitu tintinnabuli. Facies 
urbis. Spes victorie. 


VOCABULARY IV. 


Currus, m., a chariot. Acies, f., an army. 
Domus, f., a house (144). Spes, f, hope. 
Dat (do), gves. Dant, give. 


Translate into Latin.—The leader’ gives* hope’ to the 
city* (dat). The army has hope. The queen' gives’ a 
chariot*® to the leader.» The queen’ gives’ the house‘ of 
the leader* to the sailors.? The boy sees the chariot of 
the queen. The army loves the leader. 


. 


ADJECTIV ES (489). 


What accidents have adjectives in English? (Bullions’s Pr. Eng. 
Gram. 208). What accidents in Latin (189)? 


Nore.—An adjective in Latin is placed sometimes before and 
sometimes after the noun it qualifies (1387). 


Decline the following adjectives and substantives separately; 
then together. Translate them in each case and number. (See 
Latin Idioms, 3 and 14). Tell the case and number here, and trans- 
late them. Give the rule for their agreement (650-655). Show 
how they agree. 


cheme for the Etymological Parsing of an Adjective—1. De- 
clension ; 2. Decline it; 3. Compare it (if compared); 4, Case; 5. 
Number ; 6. Gender. 


8 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 
(190) 


Bonus vir. Ingenui puéri. Prima hora (7387, 1). 
Blando servo. Doctum magistrum. Cum multis Tro- 
janis. Serve bone. Servis bonis. Regina bona. Leta 
puella. Per benignos dominos. Miséro homine. Heu 
misér homo! In toto orbe (797). Altus mons. Alta 
arbor. Altum saxum. In arce sacra. Capita equérum 
magnorum. In alto tecto. Alba columbe penna (1387, 
2). Fabtila de pavone superbo. Per totum orbem. _ In 
media cede. (7.387, 1, Idioms, 17). Mulier vidua. In 
sinistris manibus. A regiis satellitibus. Pro bono publico. 


Make the following Adjectives agree with the Nouns 
according to Rule V., (650), and translate. 


Rotundus terra. Bonus reginas. Fidus militem. 
Aureus annulorum. Pulcher urbium. Fidus pastores. 
Tota orbis (297). Spes multus. Sine magnus labore. 
Serénus noctem. Primus anno. In medius_nocte. 
Puellarum pulcher. Mors certus. Verus virtus. Frigi- 
dus nox. Antiquus urbem. Equi pulcher. Bonus 
exempla. 


ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION (1293) 


Felicis hominis. Prudentem hominem. Prudens 
mulier. Ingentia animalia. Post vitam brevem. Letiale 
vulnus. Fertilium agrérum. Utili labore. Fortibus 
ducibus. Mitibus servis. Hiems glacialis. Alacribus 
-sociis. Celéber dux. Celebri duci.: Celebri duce. Equi 
veloces. Anima immortalis. Bellum ferox. Principes 
potentes. Magna pars plebis. Ad certimen singulare. 
Ab ingenti favore militum. In omnibus terris. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 9 


Make the following Adjectives agree with the Nouns 
according to Rule V., (650), and translate. 


Brevis eetiitem. Fugax anni. ,Certus morti. Equites 
velox. Sapiens viris. Atrox bella. Carmen dulcis. 
Crudélis hostem. Legibus brevis. Medius nocte. Ad 
omnis etitem. - Post iter brevis. Celéber domo. Velox 
equibus. 


NUMERAL ADJECTIVES (201). 


Quatuor arbores in colle (988). Duo constles pro 
uno rege. Duos filios. Per septemreges. Post bellum 
undequinquagenta anndrum. Ad quintum milliarium. 
Tricesimo octavo anno. Milliario octavo decimo ab urbe. 
Mille navium (204, a). Cum mille Rominis (204, 0). 
Tria millia civinm Romanérum (204). 


COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES (712). 


Altus mons. Altior mons. Altissimus mons. Bre- 
vior vita. Brevissima vita. Dignidres viri. Antiquis- 
simis temporibus. Canis vigilantior. Brevius tempus. 
Audacissimérum militum. In loco apricidri. Grave 
saxum. Gravius saxum. Grayissimum saxum. Acer- 
rimus vindex libertatis (2278). Sex nobilissimi homines. 
Antiquissimis temporibus. Melidre habitu (279). Ad 
imam vallem (222). Ultima via (222). 


Change the following Adjectives to the comparative and 
superlative degrees, make them agree with the Nouns, 
and translate. 


Beata puella. Altus fluvius. Doctus reginm. Donum 
gratus. lLibrorum utilis. Crudélis puéros. Altus 
arboribus. Nobilis duces. Clarus luci. Bonus vir 
(279). Urbem antiquus. Equus velox. 


10 - INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


PRONOUNS (236). 


How many classes of pronouns in Latin, and what are they ? 


Scheme for the Htymological Parsing of a Pronoun.—1. Kind; 
2. Decline it ; 3. Person (if any); 4. Found in — Case; 5. Number. 


Mihi. Mei. Vobis. Nos. Sibi. Nostrum. Inter se. 
Pro nobis. Ad me. Ante te. Meus pater. Tua fila. 
- Cum domo sua (7#4). Meum onus. Noster rex. Cum 
suis amicis. Ad suos amicos. Unus (Idioms, 21) 
horum regum (7% 7). Ad hos ludos. Hjus regis. Ab 
ipso Tarquinio (2035). Filius ejus. Ob eam causam. 
In illisregionibus. Popwliilli. Proipso rege. In eddem 
prato. Ad aliquem. In qua urbe (1041)? De ejus 
adventu. Una via, qui (683). Per fines suos. Quidam 
vir. Pastor illius regidnis. A suo nomine. Re ipsa. 
Ex tuis libris. Ile dies. Post ejus mortem. Faustulus 
quidam. Hee fabitla. Idem vir. Quisnam? Ile puer. 
Ipsi fontes. Flamma in ejus capite. Ob hance causam. 
Postéri ejus. Tua deformitas. Mea levitas. 


VERBS (758). 

Name the Transitive, Intransitive and Attributive Verbs: 

Note.—In Latin, when the subject of the verb is a personal 
pronoun, it is generally omitted (636). 

Audio, I hear. Audio ventum, J hear the wind (7% 16). 
Amo te, [love thee. Curro, f run. Vita brevis est, life 
is short. Equum habet, he has a horse. Dico, I speak. 
Dico templum, J dedicate a temple. Vendit servum, he 
sells the slave. Miles pugnat, the soldier fights. Fidem 
violabant, they were violating the faith. Pomum bonum 
vidétur, the apple seems good (667). Deus mundum 
regit, God rules the world. Nuncius velox venit, a swift 
messenger comes. 'Troja fuit, Zroy was (1095). 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 11 


Point out the voice of the following verbs: 


Clarus vir laudatur, a famous man is praised. Bellum 
dirum parant, they prepare direful war. Legati missi 
sunt, the ambassadors were sent. Cesar misit nuncios, 
Cesar sent messengers. Amicitia confirmata est, friend- 
ship was established. Impétum fecit, he made an attack. 
Troja eversa est, Troy was destroyed. 

The subjunctive mood in Latin corresponds to what mood in 
English (Bullions’s Practical Eng. Grammar, 380) ? 

Mention the voice, mood, tense, person, and number : 


Amabo, I shall lovee Homo memoriam habet, man 
has memory. Librum laudas, you praise the book. Ful- 
gébant, they were shining. Donum dedit pater, the 
father has given a gift. Audiimus donum, we may hear 
a sound. Amabimus amicos, we will love our friends. 
Salutati fuistis, you have been saluted. 


CONJUGATION. 


Tell the conjugation of the following words. The present infi- 
nitive of each verb is given. In the vocabulary the present indica- 
tive is given, followed by the present infinitive and other prin. 
cipal parts. 


\ 
‘ 


Vitare. Docére. Munire. Animire. Legére. Cogi- 
tare. Vincére. Jurare. fPlacére. Venire. Rogéare. 
Ducére. Jubére. Lustrare. Ponére. Deplorare. Salire. 
Sevire. Fugire. Fulgére. 

Scheme for the Etymological Parsing of a Verb.—1. Kind (259); 
2. Conjugation (or irregular if it is so); 3. Conjugate it; 4. De- 
rived from (if derived) ; 5. Compounded of (if compounded) ; 6. It 
is found in — tense ; 7. Mood; 8. Voice ; 9. Person ; 10. Number. 


SUM (277). 


Translate each noun or pronoun according to its number and 
case, and the verb according to its voice, mood, tense, number and 


12 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


person. Parse each word as directed in 7479. In parsing the* 
verb, supply the subject if omitted. Thus fui may be parsed to 
agree with ego understood. 


Fui. Eram. Est. Sumus. Es. Sunt. Erunt. Fuérint. 
Fuéram. Fueramus. Puer sum (666). Terra est (634) 
rotunda (6% 7). Hannibal audax fuit. Inermis sum. 
Vir bonus est. Arbor altaest. Mons altus est. Cicéro 
orditor est (666). Cinna consul fuérat. Vita brevis 
est. Plurime stelle sunt soles. Tu eris rex. Dulcis 
est libertas. Esto. Sunto. Este audices. Sapiens es. 
Brutus sit magnus dux. Cesar princeps esset.—/or 
other Hzercises on Sum, see B. & M. Gr. (280). 


FIRST CONJUGATION (282). 


Amas. Amiivit. Amat. Amant. Amabitis. Puer 
amatus est (677). Amo. Amor. Amabor. Rogayé- 
ram. Rogitus erat. Rogiti eratis. Rogavéris. Rogem. 
Boni viri amati erant. (G77). Servus dominum vocat 
(712). Amer. Vocétur. Virtiitem laudabimus. Pads- 
tores convivium celebrabant. ‘Tullia in forum pro- 
perivit (987). Agrippa fabilam narravit. Tu vocaris 
magister. Domus eedificita fuérit (671). Philoméla 
cantiret. Canis latret. Urbes spoliaite erant. Amato 
patrem. Pavo pennas suas explicat. Homo creatus 
est a Deo. Ancus triumphans urbem intravit. Ani- 
matne puer ? (ne is an enclitic. 505, Id. 56, 3d). Aquila 
volabat.—or other Exercises on first Conjugation see 
B. & M. Gr. (284, 285). 


SECOND CONJUGATION (#88). 


Doceor. Vidébam. Monébar. Jubémus. Places? 
Monébor. Vidébit. Jubebimur. Docebamini. Monui. 
Monuimus. Vidisti. Vidit. Terrébat. Terrebantur. 
Territus sum. Puella territa est. Dominus jubet. Servus 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. BB 


-‘paret. Stella vidétur. Luna lucet. Arbores florent. 


Luna luceat. Sol lucéret. Regina pulchram formam 
habet. Equites gladios habébant. Manéto. Amulius 
regonum obtinuit. Uabuistine librum (Id. 56, 3d)? 
Paretne seryus? Canis arcébat boves. Porséna urbem 
obidébat. Lucetne sol? Regina pulchram formam 
habens laudatur. Puella leOnem videns terret. Homo 
animum habet. Gladium habuisti? Time. Rura mané- 
bant. Caméli ambulant. Viator fessus sedébat. Ha- 
besne scientiam ? Habeo scientiam. Monento. Doce. 
Juberenter. Jubétor. Docemini—*For other Huzercises 
on Second Congugation, see B. & M. Gr. (290, 291). » 


THIRD CONJUGATION (#92). 


Regébam. Rex regit. Regimur. Regor. Regentur. 
Rexi. Recti sunt. Duco. Ducébant. Duximus. Deus 
mundum regébat. Romulus civitatem descripsit. Litére 
scripte sunt. Centum senatores legit (772). Regérem. 
Regéres. Regéret. Rectus sit. Camélicurrébant. Duo __ 
(203) legidnes congerit. Mille equites capti. sunt. 
4Enéas urbem condidit. Silvius Procas duos filios reli- 
quit. Romiulus fedusicit. Quid scripsisti? Epistélam 
scripsi. Socrates magnam famam reliquit. Ad quos 
dicet? Ad te dicam. lLaudant. Docent. Regunt. 
Liberibo. Habébo scientiam. Mittam. Legito. Sa- 
binos in urbem recépit. Romulus patefécit asylum. 
Cesar vicit Galliam. Vulpes vidérat leénem. Bacchus 
duxit exercitum in Indiam. Omnis Gallia dividitur 
in partes tres. Duo legiti missi sunt. 


VERBS IN -JO (294). 
Capio. Capit. Capiunt. Capiébam. Capiet. Cape. 
Capére. Cepérit. Capiébar. Capiebamur.  Capiar. 
Puer malum jaciébat. Fugiam. Tufugias. Fugérunt. 


14 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Ts permutationem fecit. Cepissem. 'Timidi milites fu; 
giunt. Captussim. Captus esses. Poptilus seditidnem 
fecit. Galli fugiunt. Accipiter rapuit lusciniam. Mum- 
mius cepit Corinthum. Ile in urbem configit. Vir- 
gines raptee erant. Hic rex interfectus est. Hostes tela 
conjiciébant.—Hor other Hxercises on Verbs in -t0, see 
_B. é M. Gr. (298, 299). 


FOURTH CONJUGATION (800). 


Audio. Audit. Vincit. Munit. Venit. Audis. Ne- 
quis. Sciunt. Molliunt. Audiunt. Serviebas. Sciebas. 
Puniebas. Veniébas. Auditur. Audiébant. Audie- 
batur. Audiam. Audiar. Audient. Audientur. Audi- 
tus sum. Bellum finitum est. Dux munivérat viam. 
Finite bellum. Templa expoliebantur. Homines tem- 
pla expoliébant. Ego audio sonum. Macedoniam Bru- 
tus custodiébat. Cesar in urbem venit. Puéri punian- 
tur. Puer punitus est. Ainéas in Italiam pervénit— 
For other Exercises on Fourth Conjugation, see B. & M. 
Gr. (302, 308). 


DEPONENT VERBS (804, 399, £08). 


_ Hoc facinus (772) rex miratur. Miratus ero. Milites 
urbem populabantur. Dux milites hortatur. Regina 
regem hortabitur. Viator templum mirabitur. HKgo 
novum librum polliceor. Amicus pollicébar epist6lam. 
Disciptilus landem merétur. Felicitas bonitaitem sequi- 
tur. Milites gloriam sequuntur. Ascanium secitus est 
Silvius. Poptilus bonam reginam miritur. Dux cum 
militibus gloriam partitur. Proditor amicum mentiétur. 
Pyrrhus Campaniam depopulatus est. Pyrrhus Fabri- 
cium admiratus est—Sor other Hxercises on sic 438 
Verbs, see B. & M. Gir. (311). 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 15 


* PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION (828). 


Amatirus est. Urbem novam edificatiirus sum. 
Puella amattra sit. Omnia mala vitanda sunt. Hostis 
amandus est. Multos amicos habitirus erat. Disciputli 
sunt auditiri preceptores. Parens parendus erat. Mul- 
tee epistdle scribende sunt. Multas epistolas scriptirus 
est. Virtus amanda est. 


IMPERSONAL VERBS (452). 
Contingit. Tonat. Curritur ab equo (45.3). Pug- 


natur a militibus fortiter (457). Licit nemini menda- 
cium dicére (S40). Delectabit me amicos vidére. Placet 
nobis. Delectet me studére (458). Ventum est a Cice- 
rone. Moriendum est ab hominibus. Regnatum est 
per septem reges—JSor other Haercises on Impersonal 


Verbs, see B. & M. Gr. (459). 


ADVERBS (460), PREPOSITIONS (468) 
AND CONJUNCTIONS (488). 


Pugnat bene. Egredior mane. Semper esto paritus. 
Pugnitum est acriter. Veniébant celeriter. Res pros- 
peré geste sunt. Libenter bonas artes sequére. Gallina 
quotidie ovum paret. Nunquam dice mendacium. In 
urbem venit. In urbe habitat (472). E sylva rediit 
(472). Trans Tibérim natat. Agrum comparat (606). 
Prope Athenas vivit. Imperium dedit (£479). Munus 
negibat (487, Obs. 2). Obsides et arma poposcit. 
Romilus, ut civium numérum augéret, asylum pate- 
fécit. In preelio cita mors aut victoria leta venit (G43). 

Adverbs, Prepositions, Interjections and Conjunctions are parsed 


in Latin as in English. See Bullions’ Prac. Eng. Gram., 537, 553, 
560, 572. 


16 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


SENTENCES, 


A sentence is such an assemblage of words as expresses 
a thought and makes complete sense (616, 1). 


I. As to the form of the affirmation,* sentences are 
of four kinds: ! 
1. Declaratory, or such as declare a thing, as, Terra est 
rotunda, The earth 1s round. 
2. Interrogatory, or such as ask a question, as, Quis me 
vocat ? Who calls me ? 
3. Imperative, or such as express a command; as, Reve- 
rere parentes, Reverence your parents. 
4, Hxclamatory, or such as contain an exclamation ; as, 
O formése puer! O fair boy! ° 
II. As to the nature of the affirmation depending 
chiefly on the meaning of the verb, sentences are of 
three kinds: 
1. Transitive ; as, Hripuit me morti, He rescued me 
from death. 
2. Intransitive ; as, Romam erat nuncidtum, The report 
was carried to Rome. 
3. Attributive ; as, Ego vocor potta, J am called a poet. 
III. As to the number of propositions (616, 4) they 
contain, sentences are either 
1. Single, containing one proposition; as, Puer studet, 
The boy studies. 
2. Compound, containing two or more propositions or 
single sentences connected; as, Puer studet 
et suus pater latus est, The boy studies, 
and his father is glad (7477). 


* The verb is the principal word in a sentence, and the different 
kinds of sentences are classified generally by the form or meaning 
of their leading verbs. The various significations of a verb, as ex- 
pressed in its different moods, are included in the term affirmation. 








INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. Yi 


There are three kinds of single sentences, viz: (G16, 
%, 141). 
Simple, containing one subject, one verb, etc.; as, “ The 
girl reads (the book).” 
( Subject ; as, “The boy and the girl 
read.” 
Verb ; as, “ The boy reads and writes.” 
Compound in Object ; as, “The boy read the letter 
and the book.” 
Attribute ; as; “'The boy is studious 
| and industrious.” 
Complex, containing a dependent clause which limits 
the principal clause or some part of it; as, 
“ When he studies he is content.” 
Assingle sentence may be enlarged by an adjunct 
word or phrase in any or all of its parts, or by the sub- 
stitution of a clause for its subject, object or attribute 
(616, 2, 3). 
Notr.—For General! Principles of Syntax, see Grammar, 617. 
For ExmRcIshs IN LATIN COMPOSITION, see page 325 of this book. 


RESOLUTION OR ANALYSIS. 


Every simple sentence consists of two parts, the sub- . 
ject and the predicate, 243, 676, 8, 9, 10, 71399. 
In analyzing a sentence, it is necessary to distinguish 
between the Grammatical subject and predicate, and the 
Logical subject and predicate. 

The Grammatical Subject is the person or thing spoken 
of, without, or separated from, all modifying words or 
clauses, and which stands as the nominative to the verb, 
or the acensative before the infinitive, 754, 7400. 

The Logica] Subject is the same word, in connection 
with the qualifving or restricting expressions which go to 
make up the full and precise idea of the thing spoken of. 


18 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


The Grammatical Predicate is the word or words con- 
taining the simple affirmation made respecting the sub- 
ject, 1404. 

The Logical Predicate is the grammatical predicate, 
combined with all those words or expressions that modify 
or restrict it in any way; thus: 

In the sentence, “ An inordinate desire of admiration 
often produces a contemptible levity of deportment ;” 
the Grammatical subject is “ desire ;” the Logical, “ An 
inordinate desire of admiration.” The Grammatical 
predicate 1s “ produces ;” the Logical, “ produces often a 
contemptible levity of deportment.” 


ARRANGEMENT, 7385. 


In Latin and English, the general arrangement 6f a 
sentence is the same; 7.¢, the sentence commonly be- 
gins with the subject and ends with the predicate. But 
the order of the words in each of these parts, is usually 
so different in Latin from what it is in English, that one 
of the first difficulties a beginner has to encounter with 
a Latin sentence is to know how to arrange it in the 
proper order of thé English. This is technically called 
construing or giving the order. 'To assist in this, some 
advantage may be found by carefully attending to the 
following 

DIRECTIONS FOR BEGINNERS. 


DrrecTiIon I.—As all the other parts of a sentence depend upon 
the two leading parts, namely, the subject or NOMINATIVE, and 
the predicate or VERB ; the first thing to be done with every sen- 
tence, is to find out these. In order to this, 

1. Look for the leading verb, which is always in the present, 
imperfect, perfect, pluperfect, or future of the indicative, or in the 
imper ative mood,’ * and usually at or near the end of the sentence, : 








ss All the inghee pi dats of the verb are generally end in aenar dinate elauasel So, 
also, is the pluperfect indicative. In oblique discourse, the leading verb is in the 
infinitive. 651, 7296, A. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 19 


2. Having found the verb, observe its number and person ; this 
will aid in finding its nominative, which is a noun or pronoun in 
the same number and person with the verb, commonly before it, 
and near the beginning of the sentence, though not always so. 
739, Exc. 1, 1386. 

Drrection Il.—Having thus found the nominative and verb, 
and ascertained their meaning, the sentence may be resolved from 
the Latin into the English order, as follows: 

1. Take the Vocative, Huxciting, Introductory, or Connecting 
words, if there are any. 

2. The NOMINATIVE. 

8. Words qualifying or explaining it, 7. e., words agreeing with 
it, or governed by it, or by one another, where they are found, till 
you come to the verb. 

4, The VERB. 

5. Words qualifying or explaining it, t. e., words which modify 
it, are governed by it, or depend upon it. 

6. Supply everywhere the words understood. 

7. If the sentence be compound, take the parts of it severally as 
they depend one upon another, proceeding with each of them as 
above. 


Boni disciptli suum magistrum citd obedient. 

In looking over this sentence according to Direction I., we find 
the verb to be obedient (the third person plural, future tense, of 
obedio), which must have a subject in the plural ; discipiili being 
a plural noun in the nominative case, is the subject. 

The subject or nominative and the verb being thus found on 
which thé other words depend, then by Direction H, we find, 

1. The subject or nominative is discipti/i (pupils)—2. The adjec- 
tive agreeing with it in gender, number and case which qualifies 
it is dont (good)—3. The verb is obedient (will obey)—4. The ad- 
verb which qualifies it is citd (quickly)—5. The object or word in 
the accusative case governed by the verb is magistrum (teacher)— 
6. The pronoun which agrees with it in gender, number and case 
is swum (their). / 

The translation of the above sentence in the Latin order may 
be, Good pupils their teacher quickly will obey. 

The words of the sentence may be transposed to the English 
order, as follows: Boni discipiili obedient citO suum magistrum.— 
See Bullions’s Prine. Eng. Gr., 936. 

2 


20 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Direction III.—In arranging the words for translation, in the 
subordinate parts of a sentence, observe the following 


RULES FOR CONSTRUING. 


I. An oblique case, or the infinitive mood, is put after the word 
that governs it. 

Exc. The relative and interrogative are usually put before the governing word, 
unless that be a preposition ; if it be, then after it. 

II. An adjective, if no other word depend upon it or be coupled 
with it, is put before its substantive ; but if another word depend 
upon it, or be governed by it, it is usually placed after it. 

lil. The participle is usually construed after its substantive, or 
the word with which it agrees. 

IV. The relative and its clause should, if possible, come imme- 
diately after the antecedent. 

V. When a question is asked, the nominative comes after the 
verb; (in English, between the auxiliary and the verb.) Inter- 
rogative words, however, such as quis, guotis, quantus, uter, &c., 
come before the verb. 

VI. After a transitive active verb, look for an accusative, after 
a preposition for an accusative or ablative, and arrange the words 
accordingly. 

VU. Words in apposition must be construed as near together as 
possible. 

VIII. Adverbs, adverbial phrases, prepositions with their cases, 
circumstances of time, place, cause, manner, etc., should be placed, 
in general, after the words which they modify :—The case abso- 
lute commonly before them, and often first in the sentence. 

1X. The words of different clauses must not be mixed together, 
but each clause is to be translated by itself, in its order, accord- 
ing to its connection with, or dependence upon, that to which it 
is related. 

X. Conjunctions should be placed before the last of two words 
or sentences connected. 


2 ae 


(@s" For General Principles of Latin Arrangement, see Bullions’s Latin Gram~- 
mar, 738, or Bullions & Morris’s Latin Grammar, 1384. 

For Analysis of Sentences, see Bullions & Morris’s Latin Grammar, 1399. 

For Suggestions, Questions, ete , see pages 378, 379 of this book. 











Note.— Wherever black-faced Numbers, like (45), are used in 
this book, they refer to Paragraphs of Bullions & Morris’s Latin 
Grammar. — 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 21 


SYNTAX (676), 


CONCORD (621). 

622.—RvutzE I. Apposition (Pr. Eng. Gr. 667). 

The pupil should carefully read the EXPLANATIONS given under 
the different rules of Bullions & Morris’s Latin Grammar. 

Ascanius Aint? filius> regnum accépit. Latinus rex> 
reenavit. Plato philoséphus> voluptatem vitaibat. Hine 
Ainéas, Anchise filius, cum multis Trojinis aufugit. 
Hamilcar, Carthaginiensium dux, superitur. Cadmus, 3 
cum Harmonid,4 uxdre? sua, in Iilyriam fugit. Ih 
poptli forté in Tarpéiam virginem> incidérunt. Sil- 
vius, rex Albandrum,? duos filios reliquit, Numitérem¢ 
et Amulium. 


634.—Rute Il. The Verb and its Nominative (Pr. 
Eng. Gr., 776). 

Ego impéro. Nos amaimus. [lli queruntur. Tu es. 
Hostis vicit. Bellum in Africam translatum est. Ili 
poptili bellum suscepérunt. ITlle annuit. Estis. Optio 
manébat. Civis patriam diligit. Egolaudote. Amicos 
amare® est naturale. Regem sapientem esse,® est utile. 
Vinum bibére® malum est. Discere gratum est. 


643.—Rutz III (Pr. Eng. Gr., 778 and 785). 


Brutus, libertitis® vindex,» et Collatinus maritus? 
Lucretiz fuérunt! consiiles. Romtlus et Remus fratres 
erant. Vulpes, asinus, et leo, venatum! ivérant. Equus 


*751. "622. ¢629. 1645. *640. £643. * 666. 

Iprioms— 114, 1. 

ReMARK.—The black-faced figures refer to Paragraphs in Bul- 
tions & Morris’s Latin Grammar. The other figures refer to the 
Idioms in the back part of this book. 


22 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


et asinus in eddem prato pascebantur. Czsar et Alexan- 
der bella multa gessérunt. Aut scientia aut bonitas 
utilis est. Aurum aut argentum pretiosum est. Tu 
et tuus fililus ambulatis.* Hgo,> tu, et preeceptor, legi- 
mus." Sapientia tum dignitas in senibus est.¢ 


648.—RuLE IV. Collective Nouns (Pr. Eng. Gr., 
790, 791). 

_ Romanus exercitus pugnavit fortiter. Hostis cits 
interfecti sunt. Multitido magnain urbemruunt. Ad 
hos ludos multitido ex finitimis poptlis venissent. Vul- 
gus turpisest. Una legio in Gallia fuerat. . Pars legidnis’ 
capte sunt. Magna pars plebis urbem reliquit. Popt- 
lus commétus est, ut in urbem rediret. Nobilitas in 
urbem veniunt. Romanus popitlus bella magna gessit. 
Poptlum Rome senitus exhausit. 


650.—RvuLE V. Agreement of Adjectives. 


Brevis lex optima? est. Angusta via difficillimae est. 
Vir animdsus nihil timet. Pauci viri sapientes sunt. 
Vita breyis est. Viator videt altum montem. Mors 
bonos homines non terret. Pater et filius fessif sunt. 
Pater et mater sunt sapientes$ Vinum et otium dam- 
nosa sunt. Patrem et matrem amare} est naturale. Pater 
et mater bona' amantur. Pro patria mori dulce est. 
Sapientes) sunt pauci. Stulti pucri stulti viri fient. 
Omnes/ sunt mortiles. Mediak nox clara fuit. 


666.—RvuE VI. The Predicate a Complement (Pr. 
Eng. Gr., 796). 

Homerus princeps poétarum Greecérum fuit. Tu eris 

rex. Pauci virl poéte sunt. Puéri sunt disciptili. Mars 


7646. 647. °*G644. 1219. © 220. ‘652. * 658. 
b 660. 1650. 1658 and Id.19. * 662. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 23 


belli deus fuit. Juno ambilat dedrum regina. Jupiter: 
est dedrum rex. Urbs vocitur Roma. Cicéro orator 
fuit. Auschylus parens tragcedis dicitur. Fabius et 
Nautius consules facti sunt. Novimus eum esse benig- 
num.” 


68s. 





Rute VII. The Relative and Antecedent (Pr. 
Eng. Gr., 742). 

Romulus pugnam conseruit cum hoste qui? tencbat 
montem Tarpéium. Ainéas urbem condidit quam? 
Lavinium® appellivit. Duo? quib und iter facicbant 
conspicéti sunt asinum qui? oberraibat in solitudine. 
Homo beatus est quem Deiamant. Historia, quee index 
vites est, monstrat bella magna. Hic vir qui Romam 
condidit appellitus est Romulus. Justitia, que mater 
virtitis est, amanda est. Puer, qui animalifnocet, est 
crudélis. Vir qui ridet, non semper beaitus est. Laudo 
te qui scribis. 3 


712.—Rovix VII. Direct Object (Pr. Eng. Gr, 801). 


Filia pennam tenet. Regina nantas videt. Servi gla- 
dios ,habent. Servi stellas vident. Rex civitatem regé- 
bat. Labor omnia vincit. Ama patrem tuum et ma- 
trem tuam. Meus amicus amat libros. Preeceptor vos, 
non nos, laudivit. Fidam inter se dant.. Dedalus, 
artifex peritissimus, labyrinthum exstraxit. Romani 
adversim Veientes® bellum gess@runt. Camillus hoc 
donum non accépit. Ego servum monui.° Servus a 
me monitus est.f 





@23.—RvLE IX. Oognate Accusative (Pr. Eng. Gr., 804). 


Cesar pugnas magnas pugnivit. Somnium patric 
vidtor somniavit. Pvuer, quum librum legéret, gaudinm 





*675. °683.°°71Id5. "981. 'F12, noite. ££ SSS. 
. Iproms—4 19, 1. 


24 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


gaudet. Agricdla vitam utilem vivit. Ancus pugnam 
pugnavit et triumphum triumphavit. Senex iter ibit. 


W25.—RULE X. Accusative in Hxclamations. 


O vim miram ambitionis! O tempora, O mores! Se- 
nitus conjuratidnem’ intelligit, consul videt. Asinus 
inquit, O me stolidum! Ome misérum! Ecce homo! 
Hei viro miséro !> 


728.—RvLE XI. Accusative of nearer Definition. 


Maximam partem® lacte atque pecude vivunt. Tuam 
viceme sxepe maxime doleo. Brevi femina vultum® 
demissa lociita est. Miles tergum® ictus est. Pastores 
magno clamore? ad regem juvénem vinctum manus® 
post terga trahébant. ‘Tuam vicem® tuus pater multum 
laborat. 


732,—RvuLE XI1—Reflective Accusative. 


Juvénis audax militis gladiumf cingitur. Consul 
regis vestemf purpuream induitur. Puer scutum indui- 
tur. Illa vestesinduitur. Inutile ferrum cingitur. 


434.—RvLE XIII. Accusative of Person and Thing 
(Pr. Eng. Gr., 810-812). 


Rogo te pecuniam. Poscimus te pacem. Iter te non 
celibo. Magister docuit me geometriam. Pauper vir 
dominum panem orivit. Pater suum filinm littéras 
docuit. Hi Pyrrhums contra Romanos auxiliums po- 
poscérunt. Sénex ex patria pulsus pueros littéras docuit. 
Petiérunt a Cesire auxilium. Cicéro' rogatus est sen- 


8726, 927. 728. 1873. °7S1. '732. &* (ate 
bG3S8. 1 G35. 5 Conspiracy 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 25 


tentiam. Hic Itilos primus* agriculttiram docuit. Quo- 
tidie Cesar illos> frumentum? poposcit. Ranex a Jovee 
regem petivisse dicuntur. Ili suo more? pacem ab Ro- 
minis® peticrunt. 





740. 

Delectat pucros studére librum. Non opportet nos 
neglig¢re amicos. Juvat poptlum condére urbem. De- 
lectat ducem committ¢re pugnam. Juvat muliérem 
audire verba -Ainéz. Opportet® (ut) omnes homines 
mendacium nunquam dicérent. 


Rute XIV. Accusative with Impersonal Verbs. 


751.—RvuLE XV. Genitive of Inmitation (Pr. Eng. Gr., 
839), 


Honor premium virtitis est. Sapiens’ paret leges 
natire. Deus est mundi, solis, lune, et stellarum, auc- 
tor. Sapientia est rerum$ divinarum, et humandrum 
scientia. Agricdle letos cantus puellarum audiunt. 
Dux fortis parvé mant® militum oppidum capit. Cor- 
nua ingentia cervig parvam puellam terrent. Facies 
apri pucros terret. Mitis fila fortis ducis pulchram 
columbam amat. Venus amoris dea est. Crescit amor 
nummi. Multif venérunt ad Ven¢éris. 


wo a oS OU LE: ox VoL Genitive or Ablative. 


Quidam Gallus eximid magnitudineJ corpériss fortis- 
simum Romanorum* provocivit. Diina aprum mira 
magnitudine misit, qui agrum Calydonium vastiret. 
Aqua facta est coldre aureo. Socrates erat vir summe 
saplentiz. Socrates erat vir summa sapientia. 


“G63. 9 GSE.CUTSS.  * SHae F722. 8751. SS. 
vig. 17 Ogee BS gale Ipioms— 19. 


26 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


760.—RvLE XVII. Genitive after Adjectives. 


Multum pecuniz potestatem dat. Satis* eloquentize 
fuit; sapientiz parum fuit. Nuihil* pretii timidus vir 
habuit. 


765.—RvteE XVIII. Genitive governed by Adjectives. 


Civis amans> patrie® est bonus. Homérus poéta non 
mémor honoris erat. Taniquil conjux? muler augu- 
ridrum perita fuit. Varro more impatiens in Apulia 
pugnivit. Cesar avidus gloriz Galliam vincit. Dux 
doctus® belli a militibus amatur. Vulpes timida lednis 
multum est perterrita. Romanus poptlus peritus belli 
multos poptilos imperitos belli vincit. 

@ée1. 

Aliquis philosophoérum dicitur doctus essef a natira. 
Romulus prudentior$s fratrum fuit. Cvesar fortissimus$ 
Romanorum ducum fuit. Quarum partium! unam ined- 
lunt Belge. Socraitem' sapientissimum AtheniensiumJ 
populi interfecérunt. ‘Tarquinius bello‘ strenuus plures! 
finitimorum populorum vicit. Quem™ jllorums’ misit ad 
Cesirem? Uter nostrim id facit? Captivi Romand- 
rum qui tenebantur a Carthaginiensibus redditi sunt. 
Unus ex antiquis poptilis® in dracdnem conyersus est. 
Diegénes, inter omnes Cynicos® sapientissimus Myndios 
iridébat. Adschylus maximus scriptorum tragcediz dici- 
tur habuisse glabrum caput. Quis inter -homines 
prius fuit? Unus e filiis" captus est. 





titives governing the Genitive. 


77¢6.—RULE XX. Adjectives of Plenty or Want. 
Ager ferax arbérum est. Ager ferax arboribus est. 
Resptas, quanquam expers® est imbrium, miré tamen 


~ 


a)? 


665%. 


2762. 767, 2d ©7768." t773.. © (79.27 
I77a. * S889. ! 197. nT Ge oe 
Ipioms— 16. 411. £86. ™ 57. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. QY 


est fertilis.s Roma omnium vitidrum satiira erat. Italia 
plenaberat "Grecirum coloniirum. Portus est navibus 
plenus.» Sum non timoris plenus.4 Fere sunt ratidne et 
sermone expertes. Homo solus est onustus ratidnis. 
Gallia est frugum hominumque fertilis. Dei plena sunt 
omnid. Vita humana nunquam curis est vacua. Quum 
homo vino gravis est, indnisest. Fabule poétarum plenz 
sunt stultitia. 


'Y80.—Rute XXL Sum governing the Genitive. 


Non est sapientis dicére eum. victtiirum esse? malé. 
Regis est bené regére. Laudire se vani! est, vituperare 
se stulti est. Ducis est habére consilium. Magni animi 
est injurias non notire. Arrogantis est negligére quid 
de se quisque sentiat. Stultitia senium est, sed non 
omnium senium. Hominis est errfire. Generdsi et mag- 
nifici animi est juvare et prodesse. 'Temeritasi est flo- 
rentis eetitis, prudentia est senecte. Meum? est non 
malé facére. Tuum est dicére vera. 


483.—RvULE XXII, anno 78S8.—RULE XXIII. 
Verbs govermng the Genitive. 


Miseremini pauperium socidrum. Miserére civium 
tuodrum. Pendeoanimic Ejus justitie® miror. Absti- 
néto irdrum. Regnavit populorum.4 Recordor homi- 
nis. Bonus vir facilé obliviscitur injuridrum. Dulce 
est meminisse labdrum actérum. Deus jubet te mortis 
meminisse. Cesar vultf vetéris injurie oblivisci. Re- 
cordatur cum dolore flagitisrum suérum. Memini non 
injuriam.$ Omnes yiri beneficia meminérunt. 


b7S82.. ©9785, 4786, note. ° 788. ‘417. £789. 
Kefull. boasting. jrashness. IpIomMs—* 99. 


28 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


¢98.—RULE XXIV. Crime, Punishment and Warning. 


Res adverse admdnent homines religidnis. Admoneo 
meipsum stultitiz. Ulum criminis absolvunt. Accisat 
hominem inertia. Judex ducem seditidnis damnat. 
Pater strenuus filium suum inertiz admonet. Senecta 
nostra sepé nos admonet mortis. Judices Caium tapitis 
damnavérunt. Poptlus senitum avaritie arguet. Me 
accusire de inertia® non potest Omne humainum 
genus ad mortem* damnitum est. Nihil habeo quod? 
senectitem meam acctiisem. Nemo sapientiam ad pau- 
pertétem damnavit. Bonus vir amicum suum de peri- 
culo® monet. . 


@99.—RvULE XXV. Genitive after Verbs of Valuing. 


Sapiens voluptatem minimi? facit. Aliquis philos- 
ophorum voluptatem plurimi estimavit. Bonum nomen 
est magni. Ambitio est parvi. Honestas est plurim1. 
Ego illum pili4 puto. Divitie a viro sapienti minimi 
putantur. Virtus estimanda est plurimi. Alstimo 
scientiam magno.¢ Prata magno estimant. Hoc con- 
sto boni.f 


SO5.—RuLE XXVI. Genitives after Impersonals of 
feeling. 

Peenitet? me culpe. Quem peenitet criminis pené 
est innoxius. Num! facti eum pcenitet? Tadet me 
laboris. Non miséret judicem delinquentis. Pcenitet 
te stultitie. Miséret me tuietamicorum. Me civitatis 
morum taedet. Nonne te miséret puéri eeri? Senem 
jam votorum sudrum peenitébat. Tedeat! te nunquam 
bené facére. Poenitet judicem non quod capitis dam- 
navit delinquentem.} 


2795. °796. °79S8. 1802. ©8038. ‘804. * 806. 
1SO7. Ipioms— 56, 3d. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 29 


809.—RvuLE XXVII. Lmpersonals of Interest. 


Refert reipublice. Refert civium semper leges parére. 
Vehementer intérest reipublice ut omnes consilant et» 
pacem et concordiam. Multum interest commodi com- 
minis ut juvénes instituantur. Refert humanititis. 
Intérest omnium recte facére. Non mea intérest ele- 
phantum vidére. Tua nihil refert. Quid mea intérest ? 
Tua refert non teméré credére. Illud mea magni inter- 
est. ‘Tua magni intérest hoc vidére. 


8785.—RuLE XXVIII. Dative governed by Verbs. 


Laus virtiti debétur. Reverentia maxima puéro debé- 
tur. Parentibus nostris debémus pietitem magnam. 
Impiis apud inféros poena preparita est. Parentibus 
et patriz nattira nos conciliat. Deus omnium saliti 
tuétur. Nonne cupidinibus statuit natira modum ? 
Etiam sceléribus sol lucet. Non nobis soltim nati sumus. 
Sendtus populi saliti diligenter consuluit. Judicium 
venit urbi. Tu nostre saliiti tuéris. Decemviri 
creaiti sunt qui civitati leges scribérent. Annuum im- 
perium regibus tribitum est. 


820.—RULE XXIX. Sum and its Compounds. 


Dictum sapientibus satis est. Bene esse potest nemini 
improbo. Fortina magna domino est. Adolescentiz 
inest? maximum robur corporis. Hominibus prodesse 
natira jubet. Nattra inest4 menti nostre ingeno cu- 
piditas justitis vincende¢ Ut magistritus presunt 
populo ita leges presunt magistratibus. Debémus et 
amicis et hostibus prodesse. Avarus homo postéris dives 
est, at pauper sibi. Imperator preefuit exercitui et 
navibus, 





“a Pes 
oe | 76, lp d 279. Ipioms—> 124, ° 112. 


30 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


S21.—RvuLE XXX. Sum, Signifyiny To belong to. 


Homini ratio et sermo sunt.2 Feris magnum robur 
est. Sunt mihi quatuordécim Nymphe pulchro cor- 
pore.» Sunt regibus longe manus. Est homini imago 
quedam cum Deo. Sunt mihiamici. Omnibus arbori- 
bus eidem folianon sunt. Mihi sunt multi libri. Leoni 
est preecipna generositas. Cesiiri sunt multi milites. 
Omnibus virtutibus inter se amicitia est. Dum exgro 
homini anima est, spes est. Hoc mihi est. 


$24,—Rute XXXI, anp $26.—Ruim XXXII 
Verbs governing the Dative. 


Heedus, stans in tecto domts, lupo maledixit. Lupus 

inquit, non tu sed tectum mihi® maledicit. Agricdla 
Senex, quum mors sibit appropinquaret, filios convo- 
civit. Numa successit Tullo Hostilio. Saxume Tan- 
tili capiti impendére dicunt. 
Antepone virtiitem divitiis, et antepdne eas res que sunt 
honestz eis rebus quae videntur utiles. Ne addice 
voluptati animum. lLeges omnium saliitem singulérum 
saliti anteponunt. Bona existimitio divitiis prestat. 
Intérest nobis Deus. Multe res moleste occurrunt 
viventif diu. Romanis equitibus littére afferuntur. 
Nihil semper floret ; setas succédit actiti. Animus cor- 
pori multum prestat. Luctus sepé. letitie supervénit. 
Preefer virtiitem divitiis, et amicitiam pecunie. Puer 
seepe preefert labori lusum. Confer nostram longam 
vitam cum eternitate.?* Inférunt omnia in ignem.g 


§31.—RULE XXXII. Verbs signifying Profit or 
Hurt, ete. 


Tuus amicus tibi favet. Multi sibi> insignibus flagi- 





»Idioms.,118. 757. «824. 1826. ©1136. ‘Id, 20, 
&€830. S831. *From eternitas, immortality. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 31 


térum sudérum placent. Precétpit Fabio, magistro equi- 
tum, ne pugnam cum hoste committéret. Non tamen 
ubique fortina Carthaginiensibus favit. Multe Italie 
civitaites, que Romaénis parucrant, se ad Hannibilem 
transtulérunt. Cimbri et Teutoénes Italie minabantur. 
Quisque suo studet commddo. Deo parére, libertas est. 
Simulatio'repugnat) amicitiee vere. Semper lingue im- 
péra. Novis rebus studébat. His omnibus rebus repug- 
nat.’ Nemo liber est, qui corpdri servit. Homines am- 
plius octilis quam auribus credunt. Cave, ne nimium 
tibi confidéres.2* His sacerdotibus? Veste non licet viro? 
nubére. Deus mundum! regnat. 


838,.—RuULE XXXIV. L£thical Dative. 


Quid mihi Celsus agit? Quid facit mihi Rutilius? 
Quid sibi verba ista volunt? Amicum meum mihi 
eduxit. . 


840.—RuULE XXXV. Dative with Impersonals. 


Licet tibi esse bono® et beito. Homini negligenti non 
esse licet. Non licet tibi causéf comméddi tui nocére 
alteri.© Viro bono non licet non reddére beneficium si 
modo is facére posset. Expédit tibi amare amicos et 
neminem odisse.g Non expédit viro malé facére. 








844.—RuULE XXXVI, anp S47.—RULE XXXVII. 
Dative of the Agent, ete. 

Cesiri® uno tempére omnia erant agenda.* Mihi otinm 
requisitum jamdiu est. Cui non sunt audita Cicerdnis 
dicta? Cui non sunt audite divitizs Croesi? Viato- 
ribus multa miracila visa sunt. Adhibenda est nobis 
21205. > 840. © 881. 1834. "675. !875. & 454. 


hS47. i pretense. jis opposed to. *trust. * Lit. “ Allthe must- 
to-be-done things were to Czesar at one time.” 


855. 


32 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


prudentia. Multa videnda sunt oratori. Legendus est 
mihi sepe ille liber. Hic, milites, vobis vincendum aut 
moriendum est. 


S48.—RuLte XXXVI. Dative of Hnd. 


Omnibus odio est crudelitas,4 et omnibus amori sunt 
pictas et clementia. Hquitaétum auxilio Cesiri misérant. 
Ea res sibi cure fuit. Camillo apud Rominos crimini 
datum est, quod albis equis* triumphavisset. Libri 
hominibus bonitati sunt. Czesar legidnes duas castris 
preesidio relinquit. Laitére gandio viatori sunt. Mihi 
librum dono pater dedit. Cui bono fuit? Poptlo bono 
fuit. Hune sibi domicilio locum delegérunt. Propera- 
vit Ceesiiri venire auxilio. Omnes homines odio habent 
injuriam sibi: . | 








Rute XXXIX. Verbs governing the Accusative 
and Dative. 


Anguis agricéle letale vulnus inflexit. Quum Phil- 
lippus, rex Macedoniz, cum Atheniensibus feedus initirus 
esset ea conditidne, ut oratdres suos ipsi> tradérent, 
Demosthénes poptlo? narrivit fabtilam de lupis et pas- 
toribus. Apollinem Jupiter, Adméto, regi Thessalize in 


servitiittem dedit. Pars civitatis Helvetie insignem 


calamitiitem popttlo Romano intulérat. Ancus urbem 
ampliavit, et ei moenia circumdédit. Vita sine magno 
labore hominibus nihil dedit. Puer rem omnem domino 
indicat. Ne te dede voluptati, neque inertia. Tempus 
adimit egritudinem homini. Conifer longissimam eti- 
tem hominis cum vité eterna et brevissima reperictur. 
Mors a malis® nos abdicit. Philosophia ab animo® 
fidem fabulosam absttlit. Vatum labor omnia ex fato 
eripit, et donat poptilis evum. Hripuit me a morte. 


*=S73. > S855. * S57. 4 Cruelty. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 33 


8G0.—RvuLE XL. Dative governed by Adjectives. 

Morti similis somnus est. Contrarium natiire testu- 
dinis est volare. Tantalus, filius Jovis, tam carus fuit 
diis ut Jupiter ei consilia sua concredéret. Mox intel- 
lexit nihil ipsi* hoc munére? perniciosius esse. Pindirus, 
posta Thebinus, Apollini gratissimus fuisse dicitur. 
Hic vir equitite® et religidne avo similis fuit. Marcius, 
Coriolinus dictus ab urbe quam bello cepérat, plebi 
invisus fuit. Victoria Romanis semper grata fuit. An 
est quidquam similius insaniew, quam ira? In sepulchro 
par divitibus pauper est. Insania est inimica consilio. 
Voluptites sunt inimice ratidni et virtiti. Nihil un- 
quam mihi fuit jucundius. Hannibal Saguntum, His- 
pani tivitatem, Rominis amicam oppugnare aggressus 
est. Ile Helvetiis amicus erat. Germiani finitimi Galliz 
provincie sunt. Omni etiti mors comminisest. Patria 
nobis cara est. Jucunda mihi oratio fuit. Jonibus 
Cares sunt finitimi poptlus armorum#? bellique amans. 
Vir bonus sui simileme queerit. Omnes homines ad 
amieitiamf idonei non sunt. Genus huminum ad justi- 
tiam et honestatem natum est. Inter has gentes Gete 
omnium sunt ferocissimi et ad mortem paratissimi. - 


7O0.—RvuLE XLI. 

Tu mihi servus, aut ego tibi servus sum? Insidiz 
const non procedébant. Idem amor exitium pecdrigs 
est; pecorisque magistros Tertid ledni obviam facta, 
vulpes ausa est etiam propits accedére eumque alloqui. 


S¢3.—RKvuLE XLII. Adlative, of Cause, Manner, ete. 


Cause—Dux virtite lauditus est. Columba -milvii 
metu accipitrem. rogavérunt, ut eas defendéret.2 Stolidi 





by 860. b S95. ~ S89. d “65. S SES. f S65. eS7il. 
b 1208. 


34 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


immeritis honoribus superbiunt. Quidam vitiis suis 
gloriantur. Rex virtute regnum est adeptus. Mores 
hominum adversis rebus mutantur. Timore mortis 
mori stultitia est. Hominum pars major voluptatibus 
perit. Presidium fame laborabat. Mores admiratidne 
divitis corrupti sunt. Avaritia et luxuria Rominus 
poptlus laborabat. Utrique his precibus commoti sunt. 
Tarquinius Superbus cogndmen moribus meruit. <Ad- 
ventu Cxsiris hostes terrenter. Campus fuit superbus 
bonitite soli. Ars utilitate lauditur. Fessus de via@ 
fuit vidtor. Ob hanc rem* a dictatore? capitis damnia- 
tus est. 

Manner.—Scipio patrem singuliri virtiite servavit. 
Imperator ingenti gloria triumphivit. Hunt anni more 
fluentis aque. Deum semper purd et integra et fideli 
mente amémus. Qui bond fide Deum colit, etiam 
amat Dei templa. Pecunia amissa lacrymis veris fletur. 
Puer magnis clamoribus opum rusticdrum imploravit. 
Magndé clamoére populus Romanus voluntitem suam 
significavit. Pyrrhus Romanos mille octingentos cepit 
eosque summo honore tractivit. Pacem petit ea condi- 
tidne. Rex fugit cum uxore® et libéris suis. Ad Sam- 
nites Papirius Cursor cum hondre¢ dictatoris profectus 
est. Cesar a militibus® cum silentio auditus est. Ca- 
millus cum manu militum superveniens hostes magno 
preelio superavit. 

Means—Vir prudens fugd perictilum vitivit. Urbs 
natura munita erat. Kurdpa ab Africa sejungitur freto 
Gaditino in cujus utraque parte montes sunt altissimi, 
qui montes Herctlis columne appellantur. Cupiditite 
regni adductus novyis rebus? studéhat. Milvius laqueis 
irretitus musctilum exorivit, ut eum liberaret. Asinus, 
pelle lednis inditus, territabat homines et bestias tan- 


*8S75. "S7S. °876. * S831. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 35 


quam leo esset. Pastdres cesa ove* convivium cele- 
brabant. Aut morte aut exilio punitisunt omnes. Ro- 
miini a Gallis auro pacem emérent. Omnia ferro igné- 
que vastavit. 

Instrument—Romiulus Silvius, quum toniret, militi- 
bus imperavit ut clypeos hastis percutérent, dicebatque 
hune sonum muito claridrem esse quam tonitru.c Ser- 
vus occidit gladio dominum. ‘Telis hostium interfectus 
est. Gladiis impétum milites fecérunt. Regina gladio 
vitam suam finivit. Admiror quod ad me tudé manu 
scripsisses. Miles montem hasta percussit. Corvus alis 
et unguibus Galli octilos verberavit. Jupiter Aiscula- 
pium fulmine percussit. 


878.—Rvte XLII Ablative of Agent. 


Mundus a Deo regnitur. Urbs ampliaita est ab Anco. 
Coriolinus a Volscis ut proditor occisus esse dicitur. 
Servius ab ipso Tarquinio dejectus interfectus est. Tem- 
plum Jovist in Capitolio edificitum est a Tarquinio. 
Carthigo a Scipidne deléta est. Hic liber mihi a patre’ 
datus est. Roma a Romitlo et Remo conditaest. Pater 
puérum amat. Puer a patre amitur. Denique Viria- 
thus a suis militibus interfectus est. Paupertas ostendet 
a quibus tu améris.° 


880.—RULE XLIV. 


Multi parentes prudentia in suos libéros paulld utun- 
tur. Qui humanitate utuntur benevolentiam sibif con- 
ciliant. Boni in ccelum evo sempiterno fruuntur. Lux, 
qua fruimur, a Deo nobis datur. Civitas libertate fruitur. 
Tota regione potitus est. Senectus, non gladio, sed con- 
silio et ratidne utitur. Sine contentidne urbe potitur. 


7965. 831. °S897. 1751. * 1182. ' 818. 


36 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Numidize plurumque lacte et feriné carne vescebantur. 
Lacte et melle vescuntur. Nosne te semper alémus, dum 
ipse summo otio fruéris? Asinus auftgit et neuter 
viatorum eo* potitur. Mecum in urbem yenias et felici- 
tate fruaris. 


884.—RuLE XLV. Adlative of Price. 


Spem pretio non emam. Magno pretio ubique virtus 
estimatur. heges pacem ingenti pecunid emebant. 
Lis ejus estimita est centum talentis. Isocrates ora- 
tidnem unam viginti talentis vendidit. Maximus honos 
auro venit. Sapientia, non auro, sed magno labore 
emitur. Scientia tempdre et labore constat. Civitas 
libertitem magno pretio emit. Proditor auro patriam 
vendit. Cur permitem hondre® otium? Mutavit vitam 
auro. 


S88.—RvuLE XLVI. Adlative of Description. 
For examples, see those under Rule XVI, page 25. 


889.—RvLE XLVII. Adlative of Limitation. 


Incéle corpérum proceritaite excellunt. Humanitiate 
cetéris prestant ii, qui Cantium incdlunt. Inter reli- 
quas regiones Greeciz nominis claritate eminet Attica, 
que etiam Atthis vocatur. Incdle Boetis magis cor- 
poribus valent quam ingeniis. Silvius duos filios reli- 
quit, quorum minor natu Amulius erat. Plures Thra- 
ciam gentes incdlunt nominibus et moribus diverse. 
Arcem habet viginti stadidrum¢ ambitu.t Ducit agmen 
elephantus maximus natu; cogit is, qui etate ei® est 
proximus. Hi omnes lingua, instititis, et legibus inter 
se diffSrunt. Navyes plurimas habet hic poptlus, quibus* 
in Britanniam navigire consuérunt, et scientid atque 
usu navilium rerum? reliquos antecellunt. 


toc0,' “SSF. °“75L. 4889. © 860. *S7a. 





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. we 


895.—Rute XLVI. Ablative of Comparison. 


‘Aurum argento pretiosius est. Quid jucundius est 
viti? Nihil est melius sapientid. Animus nobilior est 
corpore. Nulla beilua prudentior est elephanto. Nihil 
pretiosius est virtiite. Quid est preestantius bonitiate et 
benevolentia? Menti nihil dulcius est veritite. Facta 
verbis difficilidra sunt. Sonitus vento est velocior; lux 
sonitu est velocior; sed tempus luce est velocius. Nulla 
urbs Siciliz* est illustrior Syraciisis, Greecdrum colonia.> 
Turpis fuga morte est pejor. Turris fuit altior muro. 
Quis eloquentior fuit quam Demosthénes ?¢ Pater tuus 
est sapientior quam tu.° Greci erant doctidres quam 
Romani. Nihil est dulcius quam pro patrii mori4 
Adolescentia’ nulla ree magis quam exemplis® instrui 
potest. 


907.—RuLE XLIX. Abdlative after Verbs of Plenty 


and Scarceness. 


Nattira paucis rebus et parvis caret. Morte carent 
anime. ‘Tota illa regio viris, equis, ferro, plumbo, ere, 
argento, auroque abundat. Caméli dentium ordine supe- 
ridre carent. Crocodilus est unum animal terrestre qui 
lingue usu caret. Nulla pars vite officio vacat. Urbs 
abundat militibus. Nudantur arbores foliis. Scrip- 
tores Greci rerum copia abundant. Nihil honestum . 
esse potest, qui justitia vacat. 





911.—RvLE L. Accusative and Ablative after Verbs 


of Loading, Binding, ete. 


Scythe pellibus corpéra vestiunt. Poéta pectus falso 
terrore implet. Deus bonis omnibus explévit mundum. 
Frumento nayes implet. Natura Germaniam implévit 


*751. 622. °*89G. 4901, *878. 


38 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


altissimérum hominum exercitibus. Homines yiné® im- 
plentur. Omnia oppida luctu atque metu implentur. 
Comites, accedite et mecum vestras manus floribus 
impleéte. 





916.—Rviz LI. Abdlative of Separation. 


Me libéra hoc metu. Urbs omni frumento caret. 
Custédes urbem latronibus defendunt. Abstinent pugna. 
Dionysius tyrannus urbe expulsus est. Romulus asylum 
patefécit ad quod multi ex civitatibus> suis pulsi accur- 
_rérunt. 


918.—RuiE LI. Adlative of Origin. 


Orte Saturno, tibi cura magni Cesiris data est. Lucius 
Catilina, nobili genére natus, fuit ingenio® malo pra- 
voque. Jove nate, Herctles, juva. Post hunc Servius 
Tullius suscépit imperium genitus ex nobili feminé.4 
Silvius post Ainée mortem a Lavinia‘ genitus erat. Ile 
illustribus majoribus natus est. Jové genitum demittit 
ab alto. Trojinus Cesar nascéter pulchra origine, qui 
terminet imperium oceano,® famam astris.e 


-919.—RvtE LIL. Adjectives governing the Ablative. 


Viri qui honodre digni sunt, nobiles sunt. Qui suis 
rebus contentus est, is veré dives est. Philosophia pau- 
cis judicibus contenta est. In héc Sullé nihil video odio 
dignum, multa misericordié digna. Virtus imitatiOne 
digna est. Gere mentem laude dignam. Nemo est dig- 
nus amicitia, qui non amat virtitem. Nihil magno et 
precliro viro dignius est clementidf Natira parvo 
contenta est. Est octlis captus et auribus captus. 


©1075, Vv. >917. ° 888. 9918, obs. °° S7a. * GFa: 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 39 


923.—RuteE LIV. Adlative after Opus and Usus. 


Magistratibus opus est, sine quorum prudentia atque 
curd civitas esse non potest. Det ille beneficium facile, 
cui beneficio opus est. Fortibus* opus est auxilio. Na- 
vibus duci* usus non est. Corpdri* cibo opus est. Nunc 
yiribus usus est, nunc manibus. 


929.—RvuLE LV. Adlative of Measure. 


Turres in muris Babylonis denis pedibus quam murus 
altiéres sunt. Sol est multis partis (¢imes) major quam 
terra. Lacus centum pedibus altior est quim flumen. 
Templum octoginta pedibus longius est quam domus. 
Tanto felicior omnis vita est quanta brevior est. Pom- 
peius biennio major fuit quam Cicéro. 


932.—RutE LVI. The Place Where or In which. 


Silvii postéri omnes usque ad Romam conditam> Albe 
regnaverunt. Quum Tarquinius Rome commorarétur, 
Anci regis familiaritatem consecitus est, qui eum filio- 
rum sudrum tutdrem reliquit. Rom regnatum est 
per septem reges annos® ducentos quadraginta tres. Sep- 
tuaginta enim quatuor gladiatores e ludo gladiatorio, 
qui Capue erat, effugérunt. Dionysius Corinthi puéros 
docébat. Conon plurimum Cypri vixit. Herciles Jovis 
filius Tyri maxime colitur. Placuérat enim ne quis ex 
Tarquiniorum familia Rome manéret. Fuit Rome 
ingens timor, ne it¢rim Galli urbem occuparent. Postea 
Latinus in illis regionibus¢ imperavit.. Ascanius urbem 
condidit in monte? Albano. 





933.—Exceptions To Rutz LVI. 
Quum totus Grecdrum exercitus Aulide convenisset 
adversa tempestas eos ob iram Didne retinébat. Lycur- 


* S24. 1356. © 949. 1937. . 


40 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


gus Delphis in templum Apollinis intriivit, ut a deo 
oractlum petéret. Alexander Babylone mortuus est.: 
Athénis et Lacedemone nunciita est victoria. Habitat 
Carthagine. 


938.—RuLEe LVI. The Place Whither or To which. 


- Porstna territus pacem cum Rominis fecit, Tarqui- 
nius autem, Tusctlum se contulit ibique privatus cum 
uxore consenuit. Carthaginienses Regulum rogaverunt 
ut Romam proficiscerétur et pacem captivorumque per- 
mutatidnem a Rominis obtinéret. Regtlus Carthaginem 
rediit, ct extinctus est. Paris Venéris hortaitu Lacede- 
monem profectus, Helénam conjiigi suo Menelao eripuit. 
Ulysses Argos profectus mentitur Agamemnonem? filam 
Achilli in matrimonium promisisse. Cadmus, quum 
erraret, Delphos venit. Postrémo Byzantium fugéivit.> 
Postea Pyrrhus Romam perrexit. Pyrrhus Tarentum 
fugit. Hannibal in hiberna Capuam concessit. Vale- 
rius in Macedoniam penétrans regem Philippum vicit. 
Marcellus ingentem predam Romam misit. 





947.—RULE LVIII. The Place Whence or From whick-———_ 


Cesar cum omnibus militibus Alexandria discessit. 
Dux in provincia multas epistdlas Roma accépit. Alnéas 
cum multis Trojinis aufigit Troja, et in Italiam® per- 
venit. Discessit Corintho. Demaratus, 'Tarquini pater, 
fugit Corintho, et venit in Etruriam. Ascanius sedem 
reeni Lavinio transtilit, et Albam Longam condidit. 
Babyline profecti sumus. Dionysius tyrannus Syra- 
ciisis expulsus est. Eurdpam Jupiter in taurum muta- 
tus Siddne? Cretam® transvexit. 


e °1136. °931,N.B. ¢947. 1941. 2938. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 41 


943.—RvLE LIX. Domus and Rus. 


Hannibal eos quorum fides ipsi suspecta erat domum 
remisit. Quum Greci domum redire vellent ex Achillis 
tumtilo vox dicitur fuisse audita. Helvetii domi nihil 
habuérunt, quo famem tolerarent. 


949.—RULE LX. Time When. 


Regtlus dixit, se desiisse Rominum esse ex ill4 die, qua 
in potestatem Pcendrum venisset. In bello Romandrum 
cum Perseo accidit, ut serénd nocte subitd luna deficé- 
ret. Vultur avictlas invitavit ad convivium, quod illis 
datirum esset* die nataili suo. Deus munéra diébus et 
noctibus fundit. Mors nobis’ omnibus horis impendet. 
Postéro die Helvetii castra ex eo loco movent. Seripsit 
epistdlam ad me natili die suo. Hiéme ursi in antris 
dormiunt. Hostis postéro die castra oppugnivit. De 
tertid vigilid milites* montem ascendére jubet. 


950.—RutE LXI. Time, How long. 


Und hiéme? et estate a Lucullo feré centum millia 
militum regis extincta sunt. Mithridates regnavit annis 
sexaginta, vixit septuaginta dudbus; contra Romanos 
bellum habuit annis quadraginta. Dies circum quin- 
décim iter fecérunt. Cujus pater regnum multos annos 
obtinuérat. Dux his omnibus dicbus exercitum castris 
continuit. Hic poptilus multos annos a finitimis agi- 
tatus est. 


958.—RULE LXE. Measure or Distance. 


Inter silvas Germanizs maxima est Hercynia, cujus 
latitudinem Cesar novem diérum iter patére narrat. 





81255. »S26. °* 1156. 1951. . 


42 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Propontis cum Ponto jungitur per Bospérum, quod fre- 
tum quinque stadia latum Hurodpam ab Asia separat. 
Galli ad urbem accessérant et quarto milliario trans 
Aniénem fluvium consedérant. Hostes sub monte con- 
sedérunt millia passuum ab Oesaris castris. Cesar 
hostes sequitur et millia passuum tria ab edrum castris 
castra ponit. 


965.—Rute LXIU. Ablative Absolute. 


I. Time—Paucis annis interjectis, bellum in Africam 
translaitum est. Devictis Samnitibus, Tarentinis bellum 
indictum est, quia legitos Romandrum injuriam fecis- 
sent. Pace inter se firmata, accipitres vim suam in 
columbas convertérunt. Natura et virttte ducis,® erraire 
non possumus. ‘Tarquinio expulso, consiiles ccepére pro 
uno rege duo creairi. Hoc preelio facto, majores natu> 
legiitos ad Cesirem misCrunt, seque ei dedidérunt. Ad- 
veniente domino prati, grues, qui pascebantur In prato, 
avolabant. Interfecto Cesiire, anno urbis septingente- 
simo nono bella civilia reparita sunt. Pugnd commissé/ 
Pyrrhus auxilio elephantorum vicit. 

Il. Cause-—Amicitia et benevolentid sublatis, omnes 
res jucundz e vité sublitze sunt. Mitior et melhor fis, 
accedente senecté? Lupus, stimulante fame, captat 
ovem. Pavo, caud& amiss4, pudibundus et meerens 
querit latebram. Chilo, unus e septem sapientibus 
Grecix, fililo victore Olympiz* pre gaudio exspiravit. 
Nicoméde rege interfecto, equus ejus vitam finivit inedia. 
Mithridates, pace rupté, Asiam rursus voluit invadére. 
Antonius, multis sceleribus commissis, a sendtu hostist 
judicatus est. | 

Ill. Means, Manner—Romani, ponte facto, transi- 
vérunt Ticinum® flumen. Scevdla, quum Porséna eum, 


"992. » S89. © 932. 1666. © A river near Ticinum. 


4 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 43 


ignibus alliitis, terréret, dextram are accense imposuit 
donec flammis consumpta est. Milvius laqueis irretitus 
musctilum exoraivit ut eum, corrdsis plagis, liberaret. 
Ponte facto Cxsar cum omnibus copis flumen transiit. 
Ratibus junctis, Helvetii fluvium transibant. Milites, e 
loco superiore telis missis, facile hostium aciem fregérunt. 
IV. Condition, Circumstance-—Hannibal, fratre Has- 
drubile in Hispania relicto, Pyreneum et Alpes transit. 
Omni Sicilia recepta, cum ingenti gloria Romam? regres- 
sus est. Philippo mortuo, filius ejus Perseus rebellavit, 
ingentibus -copiis paritis. Nihil amicitia> melius est, 
excepta virtiite. Amicitia nihil melius, sapientia excepta 
homini a Deo datum est. Tarquinius bellum intulit 
Romanis, Porséna, rege Etruscorum, auxilium ei ferente. 
Cesar, equititu praemisso, consequebitur cum omni- 
bus copiis. Considius, equo admisso* ad eum accurrit. 





Rute LXV. 





974. LXIV, ann 975. 


Vocative. 


Tum tu, Jupiter, hune et hujus socios a tuis aris 
arcébis. Musa, memodra mihi causas eirum rerum. 
Regina, jubes renovire dolorem, narrando ut Greci 
diruérint Trojinas opes. Aliquis error latet, equo? ne 
credite, Trojini. O boni Dii, quid-est in hominis vita 
diu? Vale, amice! nihil moror felicitiétem servitite 
emptam! Mie pater tuis preceptis‘ obséquar, si te prius 
idem facientem vidéro. 


981.—RvuLE LXVI. Accusative after Prepositions. 


Inter urbes Thracie memorabile est Byzantium, urbs 
natira munita et arte, que ob soli fertilitatem et ob 
vicinitatem maris, omnium rerum, quas vita requirit 


*938. 895. © Being spurred up.” 4831. ¢ 190. 
§ §26. 
3 


44 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


copid@-.abundat. Ultra Algyptum Aithidpes habitant. 
Africe regidnes ad mare posits eximie sunt fertiles. 
Per eorum fines triduum iter fecit. Bonus vir virtiitem 
per se amat. Legati de pace ad Cesiirem venérunt. 
Pompeius, qui a Cesire victus est, ad Algyptum fugit. 
Ad flumen Bagridam serpens centum viginti pedum a 
Regtilo ballistis et tormentis expugnita esse fertur. 
Post hoc prelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est. 
Marcellus consul apud Nolam, civititem Campania, 
contra Hannibalem bené pugnavit. 


982.—RvuLE LXVII. Adlative after Prepositions. 


Eoddem die ab exploratoribus certior factus est, hostes 
sub monte consedisse. De Scythis pauca dicenda¢ sunt. 
Africa ab oriente terminatur Nilo. Czsar legidnes pro 
castris constituit. Cesar a lacu ad montem murum 
perduxit. Aristides cum Themistécle de principatu con- 
tendit. Czsar e castris utrisque copias suas eduxit. Ex 
eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet. Hasdrtbal a 
fratre ex Hispania in Italiam evocitus est. Payvo coram 
grue pennas suas explicat. Phineas, Agendris filius, ab 
Apolline futurirum rerum scientiam accepérat. 





98'7.—Rvute LXVIIL Accusative after in, sub, super, 


and subter. 


Omnis Gallia divisa est in partes tres. Sub solis occa- 
sum Cesar portas> claudi et milites ex oppido exire 
jussit. Anno decimo quarto postquam in Italiam Han- 
nibal yenérat, Scipio consul creatus est, et in Africam 
missus est. Hx Asia in Africam trajécit. Saxum pen- 
det super ejus caput. Ainéas rogat super ejus patre.d 
Tua mater amorem in te habet. 


®907. 1136. °* 329. 1990. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 45 


988.—RuLE LXIX. Adlative after in, sub, super, and 
subter. 


In castris Helvetisrum tabiile reperte sunt. In lit- 
tére Ponti, in Mariandynorum agro, urbs est Heracléa 
ab Hercile, ut fertur, condita. Preceptor est in loco 
parentis. Sub hoc rege Troja in Asia eversa est. 


993.—RuLE LXX. Prepositions in Composition. 


Pythagéras cunctis animalibus abstinuisse dicitur. 
Vir honestus, etiam impunitite¢ proposita,* abstinet in- 
jurid. Amicitia nullo loco excluditur. Nullo loco fata 
potes excludére. Poeni Sicilia, Sardinia et cetéris inst- 
lis, quee inter Italiam Africamque jacent, decessérunt. 
Quare urbe expulsus, ad Volscos acerrimos Romanorum 
hostes, contendit. Primd Ince? Cesar milites allocitus 
est. Remus occisus est dum Romulum irridens meenia 
transiliébat. Puer tranavit amnem. 


996.—RuLE LXXI. Adverbs. 


Cesar cum copiis flumen transiit et aggressus est hostem. 
Itique mortem sapientes nunquam timidi, fortes sxepe 
etiam libenter appetivérunt. Non unquam alid anté 
tantus terror sendtum invasit. Hlephanti gregitim 
semper ingrediuntur. Inter oratéres Greecos precipue 
eminet Demosthénes. Fuit quoddam tempus, cim in 
agris passim homines vagabantur. Pariter cum vita 
sensus amittuntur. 


1005,.—RuLE LXXII. Cases governed by Adverbs. 


Satis administré6rum habet, qui recté facet. Nunquam 
cuiquam® hominum satis amicdrum fuit. Nullic non 


*965. >°949, © S821. “4Impunity. 


46 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


ad nocendum est satis virlum. Migrandum est aliquo 
terrirum. Satis causze esse, Cesar arbitrabatur, quare 
in eum animadyertéret. Habébat satis eloquentiz. 


1074.—RvuLE LXXIII. Voices. 


Rex civititem regébat. Civitas arege regebitur. Dux 
urbes potentissime, Carthaigo et Numantia, ab eddem 
Scipione deléte sunt. Amari major laus est, quam 
timéri. A leonibus* bestiz majores capiuntur, minores 
contemnuntur. Preces hominum pidrum a Deo? audien- 
tur. Magistri, a quibus docti estis, semper amantor a 
vobis. Romulus, qui a Fausttlo pastore Italie educatus 
erat, cum multis populis bellavit. 


10¢5.—RvuLE LXXIV. Cases governed by Verbs in 
Passive. 


Sed Collatino paulo post dignitas sublita est. Sub- 
lita est potestas decemviris, ipsique omnes aut morte 
aut exilio® puniti sunt.. A dictatore capitis damnatus 
est. Devictis Samnitibus,¢ Tarentinis bellum indictum 
est, quia legatis Romandrum injuriam fecissent. Pavo 
conquerebatur apud Junédnem, quod vocis suavitas sibi 
negita esset. Missus est contra Antidchum L. Corne- 
lius Scipio consul, cui frater ejus Scipio Africanus lega- 
tus est additus. Disciptlus geometriam a sapiente 
magistro doctus fuit. Ego gloridd mea orbatus sum. 


1079.—LXXV. The Indicative Mood used in making 
assertions of fact. 


Asinus onéra portat gravissima. Saturnus Itilos 
primus agriculttiram docuit. Plures gentes Thraciam 
incdlunt. Inter has gentes Getz omnium sunt ferocis- 


"S78. S873. ° 965, 1916, 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 47 


simi et ad mortem paratissimi. Thessalia laté patet 
inter Macedoniam et EKpirum. Multi populi se Hanni- 
bali dedidcrunt. Cesar ejus dextram pressit. Cesar 
militum animos firmivit. Celeriter concilium demittit. 
Hee fabtla invidis inddlem declarat. Litéras Ceasiri 
remittit. Is locus abest circum sex millia passuum. Lux 
imago vite est; nox, mortis. Cicéro omnes Romanos 
eloquentia preestitit. 


1101.—LXXVI. The Indicative Mood used in asking 
, Questions about facts. 


Num? me luce orbitis? Nonne> Albee regnavérunt ? 
Paullusne Romam rediit? Unde sol ignem habet? Ubi 
tyrannus est? Hquusne® est quem vidisti annon? 
Utrum¢ librum habes an lapidem? Lupus inquit: quid 
hoc est? Num jugum sustines? Inquit lupus: num 
tibi parva merces vidétur, quéd caput incoltime ex lupi 
faucibus extraxisti? Nosne te semper ministerio nostro 
alémus? 


-1110.—Rvte LXXVIL. Imperative Mood. 


Obeditite aliis,4 ut vobis quoque alii obediant. Pacem 
habe cum virtutibus, et bellum cum vitiis. Puéri, ani- 
mi potestites exercéte. Justus esto, homo. Qui miser 
est, semper mihi proximus esto. Si quid ign6ras inter- 
réga sapientes. Ut laudemini, estidte laudee digni. Dei 
lex est: nef mentitor.g Vale,amice! Res secundas im- 
probodrum ne admirare. Reverére Deum, ama parentes 
et amicos. Dona malérum hominum a te repudiantor. 
Nattiram sequére semper. Require, quid sit verum, 
bonum et pulchrum. 


917105. 1106. °1107. 4831. © 919, ‘1113. 
€ 71712. » Reverence. 


48 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


1118.—Rute LXXVUL Infinitive Mood. 


Male facére turpe est. Milites amant militaire. Cupio 
mundum vidére et multa discére. Spero ire ad Huro- 
pam aliquando. Volo scribére epistélas multas. Anti- 
quissimis temporibus Saturnus in Italiam venisse dici- 
tur. Germani hiémem in subterraneis spectibus dicun- 
tur transigére. Prestat scire quam conjicere. Helvetii 
constituérunt ea, que ad proficiscendum pertinérent 
comparire. Ptolemzus ei insidias parire voluit. Pater, 
qui docet libéros legére, est dignus amari.* 


1136.—RvuLe LXXIX. Subject of Infinitive. 


Hee fabtila docet dissimilia non debére conjungi. 
Mulier suspiciri coepit gallinam auri massam intus 
celire. ‘Testiido aquilam orabat, ut sese volire docéret. 
Aquila ei ostendébat eam> rem petére natiiree® suze con- 
trariam. Taniquil poptlum allociita est dicens: regem 
grave quidem sed non letdle vulnus accepisse; eum 
petére ut poptlus obediret Servio Tullio. Britanniam 
instlam Pheenicibus innotuisse eosque stannum inde et 
plumbum, pellesque petivisse probabile est. 


1138.—RvLE LXXX. Subject Omitted. 
Quare recté de ea prediciire videntur, qui nullius urbis 
in toto orbe terrarum magnificentiam! ei comparari® posse 
dixérunt. Columbe accipitres in gratiam reducére conii- 


tur. Ego opto multos amicos habére. Sapiens vir 
pacem animi habére vult.f 


4142,—RULE LXXXI. Complement of the Infinitive. 


Non licet malo homini bedito esse. Dicébam eum 
laudavisse. Alig Romilum a senatoribus interfectum 


*L125. » 1136. * 860. 41136. © 1188. 417. *665. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 49 


esse, alii ad deos sublaitum esse existimavérunt. Video 
in me omnium vestrum octilos esse conyersos. Speras 
ne eos tibi" fidéles esse futtros quos pecunid tibi 
conciliavéris ? Quoniam Aiexander deus esse voluit ; 
esto deus. Philippus epistélam scripsit ad Aristotélem 
philoséphum, qua filium sibi natum esse nuntiavit. 


1147.—Rvute LXXXII. Infinitive as Subject. 


Errire huminum est. In errdre persequi turpe est. 
Turpius est vituperare quam vituperari. Sepé utile est 
preteritérum maloérum? recordiri. Melius est serd 
discére, quam nunquam didicisse. Nihil dulcius est, 
quam diligi, nihil odiosius, quam timéri et contemni. 
Jucundum est, parentibus gaudendi causas multas dire. 
Errire non est peccére. Melius est injurias ferre quam 
malé facére. Divitias preferre amicitie turpe est. 
Primo nocéri innoxium est; itérum, stultum; tertio, 
turpe. Diligére parentes et amicos prima lex nature 
est. Deum non amire malum est. Mori jucundum 
non est. 


1148.—Rvte LXXXIIl. Infinitive as Object. 


Sulla quatuor millia inermiume qui se dedidérunt 
interfici jussit. Mithridates, pace rupté, Asiam rursus 
voluit invadére. Rebus in adversis melius sperare me- 
mento.4 Non volunt omnes referre beneficium. Crede 
nihil jucundum esse, nisi quid bonum sit. Num milites 
in pugndé mori volunt? Intelligo Romam esse in totd 
orbe maximam urbem. Dico Deos non juvire stultos 
homines, sed juvire bonos. Antiquis temporibus® popt- 
lus non intelligit terram rotundam esse. Stultus vir 
non credit, Deum mundum regnare, et jubére omnia. 


*S60. 78S. °F51. 14897. * 949. 


50 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


1164,—RvLeE LXXXIV. The Sequence of Tenses. 


Tenses not Past.—Spero ut tu venias. ‘Intelligo ut tu 
vyenéris. Audivi ut felicissimus sis. Dixi ut multi 
sapientes fucrint. Laudibo quid agas. Mirabor quid 
regina dixérit. Miles egérit quid dux jussérit. Post 
ejus mortem nihilo minus Helvetii id, quod constitué- 
rant, facére conantur, ut e finibus suis eant. Czesar 
presidia ponit quo facilius Helvetios prohibeat. Is a 
poptilis impétrat, ut per fines suos Helvetios* ire patian- 
tur. Dabit quid habeat. Video qui habeat Etruriam. 

Tenses Past—Legébat ut discéret. Milites rogayé- 
runt ut veniret. Vidébat quid puer agéret. Vidébat 
quid magister egisset. Deus terram creavit, ut nos 
homines eam habitarémus. Vidi, quid egisses. Dixé- 
ram ut tu sapiens esses. Vidéram quid egisses. Spar- 
tani pacem Atheniensibus pollicjti sunt, si naves tra- 
dérent. Legitus respondit ut mcenibus leneis se 
munirent. Jussum erat etiam, ut Caius in urbem ma- 
néret. Asinus pelle lednis inditus territabat homines 
et bestias tanquam leo esset. His rebus fiébat ut Hel- 
vetii et minus laté vagarentur et minus facilé finitimis 
bellum inferre possent. Dux Helvetidrum civitati per- 
suaisit ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis irent. 
Erant itinéra duo, quibus ,itineribus domo ire possent. 
Mons altissimus impendébat ut facilé pauci prohibére 
possent. Intelligébat cum magno pericilo provincie 
futirvum esse .ut ea [provincia] homines_ bellicdsos, 
Poptli Romani inimicos, locis patentibus finitimos 
habéret. 


1194.—RvuLeE LXXXV. Potential Subjunctive. 


Frater, bond tud pace dixérim ista sententia maximé 
abest reipublice. Aliquis dixérit terram non esse rotun- 


*LIS6. “OVS. 9° O11 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 51 


dam,# sed certé est rotunda. Queerat aliquis cujusnam 
causi» Deus malos puniat. Si omnes homines sint 
sapientes, omnia bella finiantur. Libenter his acces- 
sérim qui prodidérunt Romtlum Romam condére. Ne 
sit jucunda vita semper. ortasse vita sit gravis. 


17180.—RvuLE LXXXVI. Deliberative Subjunctive. 


Quis sua voluntite mcereat? Quis velit poenas dire? 
Quid faciatis? Quis hee faciat? Quid videadtur ei 
magnum in rebus humiénis cui eternitas nota est et 
totius mundi magnitido nota est? Quid videditur Deo 
magnum, qui fecit totum mundum? Quis iste terror 
sit? Si egram partem corporis habérem, abscindérem 
potius an curirem? Num facta hominum deos® laté- 
rent? Quis dubitet quin in virtite divitiz sunt? Quis 
postea numen Junonis laudet ? 


1182.—Rouite LXXXVII. Nominal Question. 


Pontius Romanos pellexit in angustias, et patrem 
suum rogivit quid faciendum putiret. Amulius Numi- 
tori optidnem dedit utrum regnum habére vellet, an 
bona, que pater reliquisset. Metellus Pius in Hispania 
bellum gerens interrogatus est, quid postéro die factiirus 
esset. Fabila docet quantum boni? sit in concordia. 
Si ego agnum rapuissem, quantus tumultus fiéret. 


1195.—RvuLE LUXXXVIITL. Optative Sudjunctive. 


Amémus parentes, preceptores, amicos et Deum. — 
TImitémur facta bona et sapientes homines. Valeant mei 
amici, sint boni et beiti. Jam ad Boreiles regidnes per- 
gimus. Dui faciant pacem et beatitudinem inter na- 
tidnes omnes. Religio anteponitur amicitiz ;¢ amicitia 
anteponitur avaritie.e . 


*1142, »>873. © 716. 4760. °¢ 826. 





52 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


1200.—Rvute LXXXIX. Nominal Command. 


Quare ne committéret, ut is locus, ubi constitisset, ex 
calamitate Poptli Romani nomen capéret aut memo- 
riam prodéret. Sin bello perséqui pergerat, recordarétur 
et# vetéris calamitaitis» Poptili Romani et* vetéris virti- 
tis Helvetidrum. Ne aut suse magnopére virtiti tribué- 
ret aut ipsos contemneret. Juvarémus eos, qui se juva- 
rent. Deus impérat ut viteémus malos homines et mala 
facta. Dico, venias ad urbem. Ne cupéret homo, vivére 
semper. Recordarémus factdrum> bonodrum. Cesar 
imperavit ne venirent per finos provincia. Cesar jubet* 
milites oppidum oppugnire. Poptlum ire! urbe vetent. 


17205.—RvuLE XC. Final Subjunctive. 


. Adverbial—Cexsar pontem in flumine faciendum 
curat ut copias Helvetidrum conséqui posset. Democri- 
tus omne fere patrimonium suum civibus donayit ne 
domesticirum rerum cura’ a philosophiz studio avocaré- 
tur. Diogénes, quum vidéretf magnificas portas et 
urbem exiguam, Myndios monuit, ut portas claudérent, 
ne urbs egrederétur. Euripides dixit, se fabulas com- 
ponére solére ut poptilum docéret non ut a populo dis- 
céret. Mucius Scevdla in castris hostis se contulit eo 
consilio ut regem occidéret. 

II. Adjectival. —Lacedemonii legitos Athénas' misé- 
runt qui eum accusirent. Poptilus, quum se ab hosti- 
bus defendére non posset,§ legitos ad Casirem misit, qui 
pacem rogirent. Tum patres turbiti Menenium Agrip- 
pam miscrunt ad plebem, qui eam senatui conciliaret. 
Tum primum tribini plebis creiti sunt, qui plebem 
adversum nobilititis superbiam defendérent. 


@1374. °788. °¢1203. 41204. *878. £1244. 
t1251. * ISS, 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. a 


1218.—RvLE XCI. Consecutive Subjunctive. 


I. Adverbial.—Is permutationem nobilitatis fecit, et 
civitati* persudsit ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis 
irent. Fabtla> de ventri et membris humini corporis 
narrita,> poptlus commotus est, ut in urbem rediret. 
Coriolanus ullis civium sudrum legationibus® flecti 
potérat, ut patriz* parcéret. Denique Veturia mater et 
Volumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum venGrunt; quarum fletu 
et precibus commotus est ut exercitum remoyéret. Stel- 
larum multitido tanta est, ut numerari non possint. 

Il. Adjectival.—sSenex requirit, qui onus paulilum 
allévet dum is rursus subit. Dus margarite rard inve- 
niuntur, que sibi ex omni parte sint similes. Qui sim, 
ex eo, quem vidisti, cognosces. Pompeius idoneus non 
est, qui impétret.4 Non quisquam fecit quod fide sua 
esset indignum. Sunt, qui Demosthénem oratérem 
maximum esse putent.© Nemo est, qui haud intelligat. 
Sunt qui pecuniam et etiam vitam pro patria dent 


1238.—RvuLE XCII. Dum, Donec, Quoad. 


Dum hic veniret, locum relinquére noluérunt. Fabius 
equites preemittit sic paratos ut confligant atque omne 
agmen morentur dum consequantur ipse. In illo bello 
Horatius Cocles solus pontem ligneum defendit et hostes 
cohibuit, donec pons a tergo ruptus esset. Scevdla a 
regis satellitibus comprehensus et ad regem deductus, 
quum rex eum ignibus? allitis> terréret, dextram areé 
accense imposuit, donec flammis® consumpta  esset. 
Taniquil de superidre parte domts poptlum alloctta 
est. dicens: regem grave quidem sed non letale vulnus 
accepisse ; eum petére ut poptlus dum convaluisset, 
Servio Tullio* obediret. 


*Sol. "965. ©8738. 41226. * 1227. ' 855. 


54 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


1241.—Rvuite XCII. Antéquam, Priusquam. 


Cesar priusquam quidquam conarétur, suum amicum 
ad se vociri jubet. Cesar ad partem Helvetidrum per- 
vénit, priusquam Helvetii sentirent; et edrum fere 
omnes occidit. Oratodres maximi semper diligenter 
parant, antéquam oratidnem faciant in loco publico. In 
omnibus negotiis prudentes homines preepirant, prius- 
quam agerediantur. Caméli sitim® quatriduo tolérant ; 
aquam, antéquam bibant, pedibus turbant. Ante> rever- 
tam quam» luna bis impleant orbem. Imperator venit 
cum equititu antéquam omnes copie adversarii con- 
venirent. 


1244.—RvuLE XCIV. Temporal Particle, Quum (cm). 


Quum Cesiri id nunciatum est, eos® per provinciam 
nostram iter facére conari,° properat ab urbe proficisci. 
Hee quum pluribus verbis fiens a Cesire petéret, 
Cesar ejus dextram pressit. Quum tela defecissent, 
Jupiter filium imbre lapidum adjivit. Hannibal quum 
elephantos compellére non posset ut prealtum flumen 
transirent, jussit ferocissimum elephantdrum? sub aure 
vulnerari. Vulpes, que nunquam lednem vidérat, qaum 
ei forte occurrisset, ita est perterrita ut pene morerétur® 
formidine. 


4251.—RhviE XCV. Casal Subjunctive after Quum 
or Out. 


Helvetii, quum intelligérent uno illume die fecisse id, 
quod ipsi ditbus viginti egerriméf confecérant, legitos 
ad eum mittunt. Hiss (the Sequanians) cum sud sponte 
persuadére non possent, legitos ad eum (Dumnorix) 


e111, 12435, Obs.3. °2136. 1771. °1218, ‘£62. 
§S3i. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 5D 


mittunt. Roma fuit urbs mirabilis, que mundumregna- 
vérit. Quibus rebus cognitis,2 quum ad has suspiciones 
certissime res accedérént, quod obsides inter eos dandog 
curdsset,> quod a magistratu accusarétur ;> Cesar satis 
esse causee ara quare in eum animadvertéret. 


AZGI. 





HN ss 


‘pits indicative — ar 

Si caput incoltime ex lupi faucibus extraxisti, mercé- 
dem non parvam habuisti. i proditor desérit patriam 
suam, pestilentid detrahitur. Si sunt milites est etiam 
dux. Si non deduntur hec, bellum ita indicit. Si 
homo inertiam amat, semper pauper erit. Si invenies 
hominem injuriam ferre, eum vita.4 i hee civitas est, 
ego sum civis. Amabimus Deum, si sapientes sumus. 


1265.—RuLz XCVIL. & ypothetical sh Ragu Gres cage 
Form. 


Si mors conjuncta sit cum honestiite et laude, boni __ 
homines non timeant mori. Si quidquam animum 
nimium inflammet, injuriam ferat. Si bellum in toto 
orbe desinat, omnes natidnes ingrediantur scientia® et — 
arte et religidne. Si omnes cogitatidnes scribantur, 
multi libri sint. Si ego neceam patrem meum aut ma- 
trem, sim impensé improbus. ? 


1267.—RvuLeE XCVIL. Aypothetical Period—Third 
form. 

Quum lupus convivium cernéret, inquit: si ego agnum 
rapuissem, quantus tumultus fitret. Ego insanirem, si 
partam predam amittére, et incerta pro certis sectiri 
vellem. Si quid habéret, benignus esset. Si Catilina in 
urbe ad hance diem remansisset nos rempublicam tantis 


2965. » 1255, ©1005. 11268. ¢ 889. 


56 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


pericttlis non liberaviss¢mus. Pol, te avyinm regem esse 
dicérem si cantus pulchritudini* tus respondéret. 


1282.—RvLE XCIX. Concessive Sentences after Licet, 
Quamvis, Ut, Ne, Quum, “ Although.” 


Stultus non est sapiens, licet in foro constitérit. Veri- 
tasf licet nullum patroOnum aut vindicem obtineat, 
tamen per se ipsam defenditur. Licet ipsa vitium sit 
ambitio, frequenterftamen causa virtitum est. Vita bre- 
vis est, quamvis supra centum annos maneat. Quam- 
vis estas perdité tepescéret, milites non fuérunt infirmi. 
Illa quamvis stulta essent, mihi tamen risum non moyé- 
runt. Ut ille est sapiens vir, populus eum non amat. 
Quum rex irascerétur, tamen ille irridébat excusatidnem 
juvénis. Quamvis multos agros et oe divitias habeat, 
tamen felix non est. 


1284.—RUvLE C. Concessive Sentences after Quamquam. 


Quamquam jam perictlum est depulsitum, tamen 
vestrag tecta custodiis> defendite. Quamquam intcllec- 
tum erat, Hannibilem non aliter vinci quam mora,? 
Varro tamen more’ impatiens apud vicum qui Cannsed 
appellatur in Apulid pugnavit. Quamquam properas, 
non est mora longa. Quamquam omnes homines te 
vitent, recté face. 


1291.—RutE CI. Attracted Subjunctive. 


Sunt, qui narrent, Aristotélem philoséphum, quia 
hujus miractli causas investigdre non posset egritudine 
confectum esse. Ile quum Romam?® venisset inductus 
in Senitum dixit se desiisse Romanum esse ex illa die, 
quad in potestitem Pondrum venisset. Levinus, quum 


- 833. > 873. ° 765. 1668, © P&S. * Often. & Your 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. iY 


exploratéres Pyrrhi cepisset, jussit eos per castra duci, 
tumque dimitti, ut renuntiarent Pyrrho, quecunque 
a Rominis agerentur. Virgo petiit, ut sibi darent, quod 
in sinistris manibus gerérent, annulos aureos et armil- 
las significans. Nisus, in capite crmem purpureum 
habuisse dicitur, eique predictum fuit tam diu eum 
regnattirum quam diu eum crinem custodisset. 

For Reported Speech (Oratio Obliqua), see B. & M.’s Latin 
Grammar, 1295-1500. 


1305.—Rute CI. 
See Exercises under Rule XXXVIII. Page 82. 





1315.—Rvte CIll. Gerundive with Verbs of Taking, 
Giving, ete. 

Bonus disciptilus multa discenda curat. Urbem dux 
militibus diripiendum dedit. Fausttlus quidam pastor 
illius regiOnis puéros susttlit et uxdri Acces Laurentiz? 
nutriendos dedit. Quum ludi literarii magister princi- 
pum filios in castra duxisset, Camillus hoc donum non 
accépit sed scelestum hominem puéris Falerios> redu- 
cendum tradidit; virgasque is dedit quibus*® proditorem 
in urbem agérent. Testamentum tibi tradit legendum. 


1322.—RuLE CIV. Gerundive in place of the Gerund. 


Crebro bella gerunt cum finitibus non tam finium 
prolatanddrum causa aut imperii cupiditate sed ob belli 
amorem. Boyes oneribus gestandis sunt idonei. Fruges 
ad sustentandam hominum vitam sunt necessarix. Ego 
Cresitris * studidsus* legendi sum. Legiti ad Pyrrhum de 
captivis redimendis missi honorificé ab eo suscepti sunt; 
captivos sine pretio reddidit. Aqua utilis est bibendo.’ 
Multi homines cupidi sunt nova vivendi‘ audiendique. 


2622, ’98S8. ¢ 87S. a 76a. 8 L3SS2. T3279. § Desirous, 


58 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


1350.—RuxE CV. The Participle. 


For Adblative Absolute, see Rule LXITI. 


Is hance urbem a civibus accerrimé defensam cepit et 
diruit. Hoc facinus rex miratus juvénum dimisit inco- 
lamem.. Romulus, quum exercitum lustraret, inter 
tempestitem ortam repenté octilis hominum subductus 
est. Caesar enim victor e Gallia rediens absens ccepit 
poscére altérum consulitum. Dionysius tyrannus, 
Syractsis expulsus, Corinthi* puéros docébat. Tem- 
pora mutaita non Deum mutant. 


1560. 


Nh legatos ad Cesirem mittunt rogitum auxilium. 
Xerxes in Greeciam venit bellatum. Abiit ambulitum. 
Multi veniunt salutitum amicos, at pauci adjitum. - 





Rute CVI. Accusative Supine. 


1865.—Rutz CVIL Adlative Supine. 


Borysthénes, ex igndtis fontibus ortus, liquidisstmas . 
aquas trahit et potatu jucundas. Omnia Deo sunt effectu 
facilia. Virtus difficilis inventu est. Homérus dignus 
lectu est. 


1369.—CVUL—Coirdinate Conjunctions. 


Hannibal Pyreneum et Alpes transiit. Leevinus in 
Macedonia cum Philippo et multis Gracie poptlis ami- 
citiam feeit. Atticus neque mendacium dicébat neque 
pati potérat. Thales interrogatus quid essetb Deus 
inquit. Quod initio® et finie caret. His rebus adducti 
et auctoritate ejus moti, constituérunt iter per fines 
eOrum facére. 


Dae. iv ALES Od « 
N. B.—See pages 378, 379 of this book. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 59 


SIMPLE SENTENCES. 





General Remarks. 


1. A simple sentence consists of two parts; the subject, or thing 
spoken of, and the predicate, or that which is affirmed of the subject, 
153, 1399. In the natural order, the subject is translated first, and 
the predicate last. 

2. Nouns and pronouns, either in the subject or predicate, may be 
limited or qualified by nouns in apposition—by nouns in the genitive 
case, and by adjectives and their regimen.* 

3. Verbs belong to the predicate, and are limited or qualified by the 
noun or pronoun governed by them as their object, by adverbs, and by 
adverbial phrases. 

4, Both subject and predicate may be further qualified or limited by 
circumstances of time, place, manner, &c., by a preposition and its regi- 
men, or by a dependent clause or phrase connected by a relative or con- 
nective term ;—and all these should occupy that place in the sentence in 
which their effect will be best perceived, and the meaning of the whole 
sentence be most clearly exhibited. 

N. B. Before proceeding with the following sentences, the pupil should 
now be made perfectly familiar with § 152 of Bullions’, or from 2399 
to 14172 of Bullions & Morris’s Grammar, and commit to memory, so 
thoroughly as to have always ready at hand the “ Directions for Begin- 
ners,” p. 299, and the Rules for Construing, p. 300, in Bullions’ Latin 
Grammar, or 1415, 1416, and 1417, pages 331, 332, of Bullions & 
Morris’s Latin Grammar. This being done, these rules should be ap- 
plied in the analysis of every sentence for some time, till the exercise 
becomes perfectly familiar and easy. This requires some attention on the 
part both of teacher and pupil for a short time at first, and the quantity 
read will necessarily be small; but both will be rewarded tenfold for this 
labor by the ease, rapidity, and certainty with which the pupil,‘even with- 
out the aid of his teacher, will soon analyze and translate the most intri- 
cate sentences. Let the trial be properly made, and success is certain. 





* By “regimen,” is meant the noun or pronoun governed by any word, 
Thus in the phrase, Amor patrie, avidus glorie, ama deum, ad patrem, 
the words patric, glorie, dewm, patrem, are the regimen of Amor, avidus, 
ama, ad, respectively 


sete 


60 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


1. Subject and Predicate. 


The subject or thing spoken of, before a finite verb, is always in the nomi- 
native case, and has a verb agreeing with it by R. IV. (303, 634, R. IL.) 

The predicate, or the thing affirmed or denied of the subject, is usually 
placed after it, and is expressed two ways, as follows : 

1. The predicate consists of a noun, an adjective, or a participle, in the 
same case with the subject, and connected with it by an intransitive verb, 
or a transitive verb of naming, appointing, &c., called the copula. In all 
such sentences the predicate word, if a noun, comes under R. V. (319, 
666, BR. VI.) ;—if an adjective or participle, it agrees with the subject, 
and comes under R. II. (263, 650, R. V.) (See Gr. 322, 67 1*); or, 

2. The predicate consists of a verb, either alone or with its limiting or 
modifying words. 1405. 


1. The Predicate a Noun. 

Europa est Peninsila.2 Tuerisrex.2 Plurimee? stelle 
sunt soles.2 Boni putri egregii viri® fient. Castor et 
Pollux erant<¢ fratres.2 Ego sum discipilus.2 Cicéro 
factus est consul.2 Hgo salutor poéta.* 

2. Predicate an Adjective or Participle. 

Terra est rotunda.4 Vita brevist est. Vera amicitia 
est sempiterna.4 Fames et sitis sunt® moleste.4 Nemo 
semper felizt est. Non omnes milites sunt fortes.4 
Mundi znnumerabiles4 sunt. Nemo nimium bedtus 4 est. 
Avarus® nunquam est contentus.4 Pater reverstirus! est. 
Virtus laudanda,f ebriétas vitandaf est. 


3. The Predicate a Verb, §-e.—Active Voice. 
Elephanti semper ereeatim ambilant.g Cornices am- 
bilant,g passéres et mertile saliunt ;§ perdices currunt ;8 
plurime! etiam nidificant. 


Democritus explicate cur ante lucem galli canunt.g 
Htiam infantes somniant.g Parvee res crescunt.$ 


— 


GRAMMARS,—* 319, r. v.: 666, r. vi— 113, 219.—¢ 312, ri 
643, TT iiii—4 322, 67 1.—¢ 303, Ie livin 654, le li. 


Ipioms.—? 24.—° 19, 1.—f 108, 1.—® 19, Sup. aves. 








* For explanation of reference figures, see page 54 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 61 


4. Passive Voice. 
Oves non ubique tondentur.+ 
In India» gignuntur maxima animalia. 
In Africa? nec cervi, nec apri, nec ursi cnventuntur.* 
In Syria nigri lednes reperiuntur. 
Apud Romanos mortuic plerumque eremabantur. 
Fortes © laudabuntur, ignavi® vituperabuntur. 
Littérze a Phoenicibus invent 4 sunt. 
Carthago, Corinthus, Numantia, et multe aliz urbes 

a Romanis everse sunt. 


5. Deponent Verbs. 
Formice etiam noctu operantur.e 
Ursi interdum bipédes! engrediuntur. 
Aquilae semper sole predantur. 
Apud Authiopes ¢ maximielephanti in silvis> vagantur. 
Sturni et psittici humanas voces" ¢itantur. 


6. The Accusative after Transitive Verbs, Active Voice, 
and Transitive Deponents. 

Diem: perdidi. Terra parit flores. 

Crocodilus ova: parit. Elephantus odit mwremi eti 
suem.' 

Cameli diu sitem* tolérant. 

Lane nigra nullum coldremi bibunt. 

Senes minimé sentiunt morbos ‘ contagiésos. 

Cervi cornua’ sua quotannis amittunt. 

Ceres frumentum invénit; Bacchus! vinuwm;i Merew 
rius! littéras.i 








GRAMMARS.—* 303, r. iv.: GS£.—® 608, r. li: PSS.—4 164, Note, 
1097 .—* 207, 1: 3O4.—f 274, G63.—* 602, rv. xlviii.: 9ST,4r 
xlvi. 437, Sp, ri: 712, rv. viii—i 436, r. xx.: 712,r. viii—i 720, 
r. lxv.: L369, r. cviii—* 90,1: 109.—' 308: 689. 


Ipioms.—* 19, 1. 


62 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Canes soli? dominos» suos bene novére, soli nomina 
sua agnoscunt. 

Hystrix aculeosh longé jaculatur. | 

Sturni et® psittiici humdnas voces» imitantur. 

Militizdes Athénas> totamque Greciam liberavit. 

The Genitive. 

The genitive is used to limit the signification of the word which gov- 
erns it, by connecting with thit word the idea of origin, property, or pos- 
session (331, 744.) It is commonly governed, 

Ist. By substantives, § 106, Rules VI, VIL, and VIIL, 754, R. 
XV., 757, RB. XVI., 760, R. XVII. 

2d. By adjectives, § 10%, viz.: verbals, partitives, and adjectives of 
plenty or want; Rules IX., X., XL, 765, R. XVII, 771, R. XIX, 
776, RB. XX. 

3d. By verbs, § 108, Rules XII., XIII, XIV., 780, R. XXI., 783, 
R. XXIL, 7SS8, R. XXIIL; also, Rules XXVIL, XXVIIL, 790, R. 
XXIV. 799, BR. XXV.; 520, 521, 1075, 415, 419, 805, R. 
XXVI., SO9, R. XXVII. See also 245, 7, 4th, and 5th, ZOOS, R. 
LXXII, 

T. The Genitive governed by Substantives. 
Crescit amor numm.4 
Infinita’ est multitido morbérum.4 
Litterdrum4 usus est antiquissimus.f 
Asia ete Africa greges> feroérum asinérum alit.g 
Magna f est lingudrum inter homines: variétas. 
Innumerabilia! sunt mortis4 signa, salitisi pauciss¥ma.f 
Cyrus omniwm in exercitu® suo militwm4 nomina? 

tenebat memoria. 
Canis vestigial ferdrum 4 diligentisstmé scrutatur. 
Nemo non benignus est swe4 judex.e 
Leonum4 animi4 index & cauda est. 
8. Genitive governed by Adjectives. 

Semper fragilitdtis | humane sis memor.f 


GRAMMARS.—® 436, r, xx.: 7 12, r. viii—e 720, r. lxv.: 1369, r. 
villi 332, r. vi: SL, r. xv.—e 319, vr. v.: GGG, x. vii—! 322: 
67 1.—# 312, Sp., ri. & 313: G44, Obs. 1.—* 437, Sp.r.i: 7L2, vr. 
viii 602, r. xlviii: OST, r. Ixvi— 336, 755.— 608, r. li.: 9SS, 
r. Ixix.—! 349, nix. 765, r. xviii. 





Ipioms.--* 16, 4. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 63 


Elephanti frigoris® impatientes > sunt. 
Stultissima* animaliwm4 sunt lanata.> 
Velocissimum * omniwm animalium4 est delphinus. 
Stultérum4 neque quisquam beatus > est. 
Gallérum4 omnium fortissimi» sunt Belge. 

9. Genitive governed by Verbs. 
Omnia¢ erant hostiwn.f Hoce non nostri moris! est. 
Miserére nostri. Amicif est recordari amicorwmn.3 

Platonem magni" estimo, sed Socriitem pluris.b Mon- 
uisti me diet: natdlis. Bondrwné est iyuridrumi obli- 
visci, et benefictii recordari. Stultef est dicére* “non 
putaram.” Est! magni labdrisf multum scribére.* 

The Dative. 

The dative denotes the remote object to which any thing is done or 
given, or that to which any quality, action, or state tends or refers, with- 
out directly acting upon it, and is governed chiefly, 

1. By substantives, § 110, 870, R. XLI, S71. 

2. By adjectives, § 111, S60, R. XL., to S69. 

3. By verbs, § 112, 409, SZS to S56, 123, and 126, R. III, 1075, 
TIL, and R. XXXII, $44, R. XXXVL 


10. The Dative governed by Substantives and Adjectives. 

Clodius semper virtutidus™ hostis™ erat. 

Vir bonus amicis™ et patrie® decus® est. 

Nox somnoP opportina > est. 

Nero primd bonis™ amicus," et studio P musirum 4 de- 
ditus» fuit; sed postea monitoribus P asper et iratus fuit, 
genért P humdno infestus, omnibus* inimicus, diis invis 
sus, et multa 2/ip adversa fuérunt. 





GRAMMARS. * 349, r.ix.: 765, r. xviii—> 322, 67 1.—* 355, r. x. 
eek, Y. Six—4 Shp) Tox. =) Pe. —* 364. wom 7 SO, re ext. 
—Ss 369, r. xili.: (SB, vr. xxii— 495, r xxviii: 799, r. xxv.— 
i489, r. xxvii: 793, r. xxiv.—i 373, r. xiv.: 78S, r. xxiii—* 660, 
r.lvi: ZI47, rv. lxxxiii—™ 378, r. xv.: S7O, 7. xli— 319, r.-v.: 
666, r. vi—°* 720, r. Ixv.: 1369, rv. cviii—P 382, r. xvi: SOO, ©. 
xJ.—4 332, r.vi.: (SUT, 1. xv. 


Ipioms. * 21.—* 19, 4—! 51, 1— 19, 1. 


64 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


/quus eunctis® et benignus esto, paucis® familiaris, 
hostibus» mitis, et nemint molestus ; sic omnibus ® carus 
eris, ef invisus nulli.® 

Asino> segni nullum onus gratum, et puéro> rgnavo 
omuis labor molestus est. 


11. The Dative governed by Verbs. 

Natura animalibus© varia tegumenta ? tribuit, testas,4 
coria, spinas, villos, setas, pennas, squamas. 

Hlomini® soli! avaritia § et ambitio data} est. 

Leoni’ vis summa esti in pectire. 

Antiquissimis hominibus: specus erant* pro domYbus. 

Nulli animaéli' memoria major est, quam cant.g 

Gallinacei leontbus™ terrdri™ sunt. 

Hlominie plurima ex homine! fiunt™ mala. 

Homo furidsus ne libéris® quidem suis P parcit. 

Via mali4 omnibus* semper vitandas est. 


The Accusative. 


The accusative is used for the most part to express the object of a 
transitive active verb, or of some relation, and is governed, 

1. By transitive verbs in the active voice, or by transitive deponent 
verbs, No. 6. 2. By prepositions. 

12. The Accusative governed by Prepositions. 
Camélus naturale odium adversts equost gerit. 
Picts vestes jam apud Homérumt commemorantur. 
Multa animaiia congregantur et contra aa" dimicant, 








GRAMMARS. » 382, r. xvii: S6O, r. xl.—* 501, r. xxix.: SO, F. 
xxxix.—! 436, r.xx.: 772, vr. viii—e 522, LO75.—& 720, r. Ixv.: 
1369, r. cviii— 164, Note—i 394, r. ii: S2LZ,7r. xxx.—! 603, r. 
xix.: 982, r. lxvii—™ 421, r. xix.: S48, r. xxxviii— 221, 8, Obs. 
3 426 aa A108. tive 831, r, XXXiii—1 332, r. vi: GOD, 1. XV.— 
® 322, 671.— 602, r. xlviii.: 9ST,r. Ixvi—* 97,4: 189, 4. 





Ipioms. #4 19, ese. ve = 118, 1.— 118, 9,0 1, 2.—P 30, l— 
F 5,2; and 19, 1.— 108, 1. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 635 


Hippopotimus segétes circa Milwm* depascitur. 
Apud ftomdnos* mortui plerumque cremabantur: 
Inter omnes bestias® simia homini? simillima est. 


The Ablative. 


The ablative generally denotes that from which something is separated or 
taken, or by or with which something is done or exists. It is governed, 


1. By nouns, § 118, 872 to S89, or adjectives, §§ 107, 776, R. 
XX., 119, 120, 895, 918, 919. 


2. By verbs, § 121, R. XXV., and XXVI., 907 to 914, § 125, R. 
XXXVI, and § 126, R. V., 1075, V. 
3. By prepositions. 


4. It is used to express various circumstances. See No. 17, p. 67. 


13. The Ablative governed by Nouns and Adjectives. 
Gratid© opus est nobis4 tud, tudque® auctoritate. 
Nune viribus© opus est vobis,4 nunc prudenti consilio, 
Reperiuntur interdum cervi candido colore.f 
Catilina nobil: genéreé natus erat, magnd vif et ani- 

mi et corporis, sed zngeniot malo pravoque. 

Animus per somnum est sensibusi et curtis vacuus. 
Kst philosophia paucis contenta judicibus.s 
Nihil video in Sull& odéos dignum, misericordiag 

digna multa. Natura parvos contenta est. 


14. The Ablative governed by Verbs. 


Leene jubdi carent. Lednes facilé per triduum 
ciboi carent. 


Kliphanti maximé amnibus* eaudent. 
Apes tinnituk xris gaudent. 
Numide plerumque lacte! et ferind carne™ vescuntur. 


GRAMMARS. * 602, r. xlviiii: DSZ, r. Ixvi—> 382, r. xvi.: S6O, 
r. Xl.—* 456, r. xxii.: 9235, r. liv.—4 394, r. ii: S27, r. xxx.—* 720, 
r. lxv., and 721: 505. 13869: 1370.— 339, r. vii.: 757, vr. xvi. 
— 462, r. xxili.: 97S and 919, r. liti— 332, r. vi: 751,47. xv.— 
1361, r. xi: 776, vr. xx.—l 480, r. xxv.: 9OZ, vr. xlix.—* 485— 
* 484, r. xxvi.: SSO, r. xliv.—™ 78, Note: 96, 97, ©. lii. 

Ipioms. ° 6, 5.—f 6, 1. 








66 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Plurimis bonis® frutmur atque utinur.’ 
Hispania viris,¢ equis, ferro, plumbo, ere, argento, 
auroque abundat. 


15. The ablative governed by Prepositions. 


Quidam homines nati sunt cum dentibus.4 

Xerxes cum paucissimes miletibus4 ex Grecid 4 aufa- 
vit. 

Lucius Metellus primuse elephantos ex primo Puni- 
co bello duxit in triwmpho. 

Cantabit vacuus coram latréne4 viator. 

Sidtra ab ortu ad occasum commeant. 

Britannia a Phenicibus inventa! est. 

Apes sine rege esse non possunt. 

Infans nihil sine aliéné ope potest. 

Dulceg est! pro patrid mori.! 

Venénum aliquando pro remedo fuit. 

Littére a Phenicibus invent! sunt. 


16. The Accusative and Ablative with In and Sub, 
§ 136, R. L. and LL, 987, 988, R. LXVIUL, LXIX. 
Aquile nidiffcanti in rupibus et arboribus. 
Coccyx semper parit in aliénis nidis. 
In senectite hebescunt* sensus; visus, auditus deni. 
itatur.! 
In /ndié gignuntur maxima animalia. 
Hyene plurime in Africé? gignuntur. 
In Africé, nec™ cervi, nec apri, nec ursi repertuntur. 
In Syri@ nigri lednes reperiuntur. 





Grammars, * 484, r, xxvii: SSO, r. xliv—> 720, 1: 1369, r. 
evil. ; © 480, r. xxv.: 907, r. xlix.— 603, r. 
xlix.: DS2, rv. Ixvii—e 274, G63.—! 164, Note—s 270, GHE 

660, r. lv: LL47, v. lxxxii—i 157, 1.1: 1080.— k 227, 2: 585. 

313, GZ4.—" 126, 1374. 


Ipioms. *® 51,1. ™124 4, 








INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES, 67 


Serus in ewlum redeas.* 
Victi Perse in naves confugérunt. 
Numa Pompilius annum in duodécim menses distribuit. 
Pontius Thelesinus Romanos sub yuguwm misit. 
Gallia sub septentrionibus posita est. 
17. The Ablative used to express varius circumstances 
without a Preposition. 

The circumstances commonly denoted by the ablative without a prep- 
osition, are Respect wherein, § 128, S89, R. XLVIT.; Cause, manner, 
means, or instrument, § 129, 873, R. XLII.; Place, § 130,951 to 
948; Time, § 131, 949 to 957 3 Measure, § 132, 95S 3 Price, 
§ 133, 884. 

Apri in morbis sibi> medentur hedérd.¢ 


Pyrrhus rex, tactu¢ pollicis in dextro pede, liendsis ¢ 
medebatur. 

Qleo insecta exanimantur. 

Fere domantur fame atque verberibus. 

Anacreon poeta! acino® uvee passe exstinctus est. 

Crocodilus pelle* durissimé contra omnes ictus mu- 
nitur. 

In Africa elephanti capiuntur foveis.¢ 

Elephanti spirant, bibunt, odorantur proboscide.¢ 

Dentes usu atteruntur, sed zgne non cremantur. 

Mures Alpini éenzs pedibus gradiuntur. | 

Apes tinnitu eris convocantur. 

Quibusdam in locisf anséres bis annog velluntur. 

Color lusciniarum autwmno § mutatur. 

Hiémeg ursi in antris dormiunt. 

Nemo mortalium omnibus horis} sapit. 

Primores dentes septimo mense gignuntur; septimo 
tidem decidunt anno.b 


—= 


Grammars. * 171, I. 1: 7795, vr. lxxxviii.; and 144, 7193S; 
and 145, 1761.—®> 403, SS1.—* 542, r. xxxv.: 873, vr. xlii— 
¢251,r.i: 622, r.i—e* 403: S31, r. xxxiii—f 608, r. li: DSS, 
1. Ixix.— 565, r. xli.: D49, vr. lx —* 565, r. xl.: 9S5O, r. lxi. 








IpIOMSs.—? t 2.—¢ 19; ule 4 


¢ 


68 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Antip%ter Sidonius, poéta,2 quotannis, die natdli suob 
Jfebre corripiebatur. 

tistate dies sunt longidres quam hiéme. 

Isocrites orator unam orationem wginte talents¢ 
vendidit. 

Luscinia candida, sex sestertiis® Rome venit. 


18. Nouns in Apposition. 

Plurimi Scythe, bellicosissimi homines,* lacte4 ves- 
cuntur. 

Delphinus, animal* homini® amicum, cantué gaudet. 

Carthago atque Corinthus, opulentissime urbes,$ e0- 
dem anno a Romanis eversz} sunt. 

Quam brevi tempdre! popili Romani, omnium gen- 
tium victéris,* libertas fractah est! 

Mithridatem, Ponti regem, Tigranes, rex Armenius, 
excepit. 

Circa Cyllénen, montem in Arcadia, merile nascuntur. 


19. The Infinitive Mood without a Subject. 


The infinitive without a subject is usually regarded as the subject of a 
verb, § 144, R. LVI, 2247, R. LXXXIL, or as the object of another 
verb, R. LVI, 2748, R. LXXXIII.; and in this case always ex- 
presses an act or state of the subject of the verb that governs it. 

In the following, let the pupil state whether the infinitive is the subject 
or the object of the verb with which it is connected. 


Hrrare i est humanum.: 

Turpek est beneficium repetére.i , 

Beneficiis! gratiam non referre etiam turpius est. 
Parentes suos non amdre est impium.* 


GRAMMARS. * 251, r. i: O22, yr. i—> 565, r. xl.: 949, rv. lx — 
¢ 581, r. xliv.: SS4, r. xlv.—4 484, r. xxvii: SSO, r. xliv.—* 382, r 
xvi.— 485, SOO, r. xl—® 254, 626.— 164, 5, Note: .3827.— 
565, r. xli.: D49, rv. 1x —i 660, vr. Ivi.: ZL47, rv. Ixxxii—* 270, 
660.— 501, r. xxix.: S55, rv. xxxix. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 69 


Te cupio vidére.2  Volui dormire. 

Aude contemnére* opes. Carmina posstmus dondre. 

Potéram contingére ramos. 

Nihil amplius seribére possum. 

Keo cupio ad te ventre. IJntelligére non possum. 

Cessator» esse noli. Cur timet flavum Tibérim tan- 
gére? 

Philippus volébat* amdrt. Alexander metuz volebat. 

Tecum4 vivére amo. Natiiram mutdre pecunia nescit. 

Bené ferre disce magnam fortiinam. 

Angustam pauperiem pate puer discat.® 

Dic beatus> ante obitum nemo debet. 

Aiquam memento! rebus in arduis servdre mentem. 

Aurum vestibus § intexére invénit rex Attilus. 

Non omnes homines equo amore ! complecte posstmus. 

lilecebras voluptatis vitdre debémus. 

Rome elephantes per funes tncedére docebantur. 


20. Gerunds. 
Gerunds are construed like substantives, and, at the same time, govern 
the case of their own verbs, § 147, 75179. 
Etiam post malam messem serendum J est. 
OmunibusJ aliquando moriendwm J est. 
Semper pugnandum ji est contra cupiditates et lubid- 


Ynem. 

Plurime* sunt illecebree peccandi. 

Artem seribendi! Phoenices, artem acu pingendi! 
Phryges invenérunt. 

Cupiditas vivendi nunquam immensa? esse debet. 


—_— 


GRAMMARS. * 663, r. lvii.: Z#4S, r. Ixxxiiii— 326, 674.— 160, 
1: Z088.—4 235, 2: 470.—¢ 171, 1: Z1933 and 145: 1161. 
—f 222, 2: 436.—8 501, r. xxix.: S55, vr. xxxix.— 542, r. xxxv. 

$73, 1. xlii— 548, r. xxxvi.: 9S, vr. lvi—i 699, r. lxi, and 701 
1305, r. cii— 322, 671.— 102, 1327. | 


TIpiom. i 4, 1. “e 


70 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Honestissima est contentio beneficiis? beneficia vin. 
cendi. 

Homo naturaé2 est cupfdus nova semper videndi et 
audiendi. 

Libri sunt inutiles ignaro> legendi. 

Olim calimus adhibebatur scribendo.¢ 

Aqua marina inutilis est bibendo. 

Culex habet telum et4 fodiendo et sorbendo idoneum. 

Non omnes equaliter ad discendume proni sumus. 

Simize catiilos seepe complectendof necant. 

Beneficia exprobrandof corrumpimus. 

Amicus amicum semper aliqua re® juvabit, aut re, 
aut consilio, aut consolandof certé. 


21. Gerundives. 


Gerundives are participles in dus, with the sense of the gerund, and 
agreeing m gender, number, and case, with their nouns, § 49, 1, 1319, 
and §-147, R. LXIL, 1322, R. CIV. 


Initum est consilium urbis delende,g civium truci- 
dandérum,g nominis Romani exstinguendi.s 

Puer par est onéri ferendo.b 

Omnes civitates Grecis pecuniam ad classem cedifi- 
candam et exercitum comparandum dedérunt. 

Vir bonus, in malis alidrum amovendis, seipsum sub- 
lévat. 


ComPpounp SENTENCES. 


A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences, con- _ 
nected together by conjunctions, relatives, or adverbs, $§ 149, 1369, 
99, 683, and 140, 141, 7206 to 1250. 

GRAMMARS. ? 542, r.xxxv.: 873, r. xlii—* 703, 7332.—4 726, 
137 4.—¢ 104, 13387.— 105, 1340.—8 707, r. lxii: 1322,r 
eiv.~9 382, r. xvi: 1332. 


Ipioms. » Sup. homini. © 112. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. G1 


22. Conjunctions. 

Sol ruit, ef? montes umbrantur. 

Vir» bonus e¢ prudens dici delector ego. 

Immensa est, finemqgue* potentia Dei non habet. 

Accipére* prastat gudm* facére injuriam. 

Raptre atque abire semper assuévit lupus. 

Semper honos, nomengue © tuum, laudesquemanébunt. 

Sapientem neque® paupertas, negue mors, neque Vil- 
cula terrent. 

Juno erat Jovis e¢f soror et conjux. 

Nox erat, et fulgébat. luna. 

In prelio cita mors venit, aut victoria leta. 


Marius et Sylla civile bellum gessérunt.g Baa 


Leti vis rapuit, rapietgue gentes. 

Non formdsus erat, sed erat facundus Ulysses. 

St divitie felicitatem prestant, avaritia prima vir- 
tus est. 


23. Adverbs. 


Quoties litéras tuas lego, omnem mihi! preteritorum 
tempdrum memoriam in mentem revoéco. 

MagnaJ debémus susciptre, dwm vires suppettunt. 

Cervi, guamdiu cornibus* carent, noctu ad pabitla 
procédunt. 

Quidam crocodilum,! guamdiu vivat,™ crescére™ exise 
timant, vivit autem multos annos.° 

Gloria virtitem, tanguam umbra,P sequYtur. 


GRAMMARS. * 720, r. Ixv.: £309.—> 326, 674. © 242, Obs. 2: 
505.—4 660, r. lvi, and 662: 2247, r. Ixxxii—e 720, r. Ixv: 
L569, r. eviii.; and 722, 737 1.—® 312, ri: G43, 1 iii —® 630, 
1261.— 380, 87 1.—* 480, r. xxv.: 9O7, r. xlix—! 671, r. lviii. 
1136, rv. )xxix.—™ 656, 129 1.—° 565, r. xli.: 95O, v. lxi.—P 252 
ad ,in.: G23. . 


Ipioms. - f i24, 1— 5, 3—4 19, 4.—" 95, 1. 





72 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


24. Comparison with a Conjunction. 

Comparison is made in two ways, Ist By a conjunction, qudm, ac, at 
gue, after the comparative, connecting the words denoting the things 
compared in the same case, 466, S94 ;—and 2d, By the ablative after 
the comparative without an injunction, § 120, 895, R. XLVIIL 

Canes Indici grandiores sunt qudém cetéri.@ 

Nullum malum est vehementius > et importunius 4 
quam invidia.¢ 

Interdum ferarum animos mitiodres invenimus quam 
hominum.4 ‘ 

Latro feree est similior guém homini.¢ 

Major est animi voluptas qudm corporis.4 

In montibus aér purior est, et tenuior gudm in valli- 


bus. 
Comparison without a Conjunction. 


Nihil est clementedf divinius. 

Aurum gravius est argento.f 

Adimas durior est ferro,f ferrum durius cetéris me- 
tallis. 

Luna terre propior est sole. 

Quid magis est durum sazo, quid mollius agua ? 

25. Relative Pronouns. (§ 99, 683.) 

Non omnis ager, quig seritur, fert fruges. 

Psitté&cus, quem India mittit, reddit verba que accepit. 

Achilles, cujus res gestas Homéri carmina celebrant, 
ad Hellespontum sepultus est. 

Myrmecides quidam quadrigam fecit et ebdre, quam 
musca alis) integébat. 

Yui! bonis non recté utitur, e¢ i bona mala fiunt.« 








GRAMMARS. * 720, r. Ixv.: L369, r. eviii—> 322, 67 1.—* 720, 
1369.— 336, 755.—* 382, rv. xvi.: S6O, vr. xl.—f 461, r. xxiv.: 
S95, v. X\viii—* 284, r. iii. GSB, vr, vii—* 542, r. xxxy.: S73, rv. 
xlii—' 285, 6S4.—i 522,r. ili.: O75, r. lxxiv.—* 221, Obs. 3: £26. 


Tpioms. * 19.—f 6, 3.—i 43, 1, 





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 4a 


Beneficium reddit, gui ejus bene memor est. 

Grues in itineribus ducem, quem sequantur,¢ eligunt. 

Copias suas Cesar in proximum collem subduxit, 
equitatumque, gui sustinéret 4 hostium impétum, misit. 

Subjunctive Mood. 

The subjunctive mood is used in dependent clauses, connected with the 
leading clause by conjunctive particles, adverbs, or by the relative pro- 
noun. When it expresses a fact, real. or supposed, but not directly as- 
serted or vouched for, it is translated by the English indicative. When it 
expresses a thing as not actual and certain, but only as conditional or 
contingent, as what may, can, might, or should take place, it is translated 


by the English potential, § 42, IL, 264, IL, and § 140 and 141, 
1205 to 1291. ‘\ 


26. The Sein with CUM or QUUM. 


Platea, cm devoratis se implévit conchis,f testas 
evomit. 
Ceres frumenta invénit, cm antea homines glandt 
bus & vescerentur.e 
Nave primus: in Greciam Danius advénit, cum 
antea ratibus) navigarétur.s 
Alexander, rex*k Macedonia, cim Thebas cepisset,! 
Pindiari vatis* familie ™ pepercit. 
27. The Subjunctive after Conjunctive Particles. 
(§ 140, 7205 to 71218.) 
Tanta est in India ubertas soli, wt sub una ficu® tur- 
mez equitum condantur.° 
Ursi per himem tam gravi somno® premuntur, ut 
ne vulneribus » quidem excitentur.° 





GRAMMARS, > 349, r, ix: 765, vr. xviii—e 641, 1226.—4 641, 
1226.—* 630, 1247.—! 514, r. xxxi.: 91 1, rv. 1.—® 484, r. xxvi.: 
SSO, r. xliv.— 542, rv. a ah r. xliii—i 274, 66.3.—i 223, 
455 3 and 630, 1247.—* 251, rv. i : 622, r. i— 631, 1244.— 
"403, r.v.: S32, r. xxxiii— 608, r. li: ISS, r. Ixix.—° 627, 1, 
Ist: 7205 and 1220. 


Ipioms. * 37, Ist, 3.—© 40, 5.—4 40, 4.—! 74, 8. 











74 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Delphini tanta interdum vie mari exsiliunt, wt vela 
navium transvolent.» 

In India serpentes ad tantam magnitudinem adoles- 
cunt, wt integros hauriant» cervos taurosque. 

Fac,¢ ut homines animum tuum pluris factant,4 quam 
omnia, que illise tribuére possis.f 

Alexander edixit, ne quis ipsumg preter Apellem 
pingéret.» 

Pythagoreis: interdictum fuit,j nek fabis! vescerentur.h 

Oculi palpebris sunt muniti, ne. quid incidat.b 

Nihil feré tam reconditum est, guin® querendo™ in- 
Veniri posstt. 

Nunquam tam mané egredior, neque tam vespétri 
domum P revertor, guin® te in fundo conspicer fodére,4 
aut arare,4 aut aliquid facére. 

Xerxes non dubitabat, guin° copiis suis Graecos facilé 
superaturus esset.t 


28. The Subjunctive with words expressing an indirect 
question. (§ 140, 5, 71782.) 


Queritur, unus nes sitt mundus, an plures.: 

Disputabant vetéres philosdphi, casu nes factus sitt 
mundus, an mente divina. 

Augustus cum amicis suis consultabat, utriém imper 
rium servdaret,t an deponéret. 

Perptram queritur, nwm in amici gratiam, jus vio- 
lari possit.t 





GRAMMARS, * 613, r. lili: OOS, r. Ixx.—>? 627, 1, Ist: 1220.— 
© 214, 4: 323.—4 627, 1, 3d: 2208.—* 501, r. xxix.: 855, rv. 
XXxix.— 656, eee. 2B GG ae Aline recuene T, eee en 
AIG2 3 and 627, 1, 3d: T20S8.—' 522, r. iii: 10 r, Ixxiv.— 
1484, r. xxvi.: pea r. xliv.—™ 542, r. xxxv.: L340, r. iv.— 
° 627, 3: 1250.—? 558, r. xxxix. : 943, r. fee: 170, L197 2.— 
¢ 627,5: L182. 


Ipioms. € 32, 8.—i 51, 3,—* 121, 6—*" 121, ae 89, joe * 124, 13. 








INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES, 7) 


Ciconie guonam e loco veniant, aut in quas se regio« 
nes conférvant, incompertum est.* 

Quis numerare potest, quoties per totam vitam lacry- 
mas fudérit? 


29. Subjunctive after the elative. (§ 141, 1226.) 


Quis est qui nesciat» quid voluptas sit ?¢ 
Non invenies qui Demosthénem oratdrem maximum 


esse neget.> . 
Nemo felix est, gui e& lege vivat,» ut impuné necari, 
posset.4 | 


Oxsar legatos misit, gut iter cognoscérent.® 

Sunt gwz amicitiam molestam reddant.> 

Hos libros non contemno, quippe gut nunquam legé= 
rem. 

Verba, que sententias ¢ndicent,® reperta sunt. 

Peccavisse mihi videor,? gui a te discessérim.h 

Decemviri creati sunt, qué civitati leges seribérent.e 
_ Regiilus dixit se desiisse Romanum esse, ex illa die 
qué in potestatem Poendrum venisset.! 


30. The Infinitive with a Subject. (§ 145, 1135.) 


The infinitive with a subject is translated by the indicative or potential 
in English. Its subject, which is always in the accusative, is translated 
in the nominative, and usually has the conjunction that before it. It forms 
a distinct but dependent proposition, which, like the infinitive without a 
subject, forms either the subject or object of the verb on which it depends. 
(See § 145, 7138.) 

Aristotéles tradit, in Latmo, Cariz monte, hospites a 
scorpionibus non ledi, indigénas interimi.’ 


~——_—_ 





GRAMMARS. ? 636, r.i.: 1227.—* 627, 5: 1182.—4 627, 1, 1st 
A220.—* 643, 4th: 1212.—! 641, 1253.—» 645, x, iii.: 1251, 
r. xcv.— 650, r. vi.: Z29L, r. ci—j 522, v. iii.: LOGS, rv. lxxiv.— 
E670, 2735. 


{pioms. * 51,3— 70, 2,— 95, 4, 


76 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


M. Varro narrat, a cunictilis saffossum ® in Hispania 
oppidum,» a talpis in Thessalia; ab ranis incdlas> urbis 
in Gallia pulsos,* ab locustis in Africa; ex Gydro instla 
incolas» a muribus fugdtos, in Italia Amyclas a serpen- 
tibus delétas esse. 

Observatum est,¢ pestelenteam> semper a meridianis 
partibus ad occidentem ¢re.4 

Homeérus Pygmeos> poptlum ad oceinum, a grut- 
bus infestarie prodidit; Aristotéles eosdem in cavernis 
vivere* narrat. 

Postéri aliquando querentur nostra culpa mores > ever. 
sos esse.' . 

Virgilius per testamentum jussérat carmina» sua 
eremari,s id> Augustus fiért & vetuit. 

Sertorius cervam alébat candidam, quam Hispa- 
niz gentes fatidicam» esse: credebant. 

Illustre est inter philosdphos nomen Anaxagore, 
quem» vetéres nunquam in vita risissej ferunt. 


31. Participles. ($146, 1343.) 


Participles are usually translated after their nouns, with which they 
agree in gender, number, and case, in the same manner as adjectives; and 
at the same time govern the case of their own verb. 

Exempla fortiine variantis* sunt innuméra.® 
Galli diem venientem cantu nuntiant. 
Cecrops urbem! a se conditam® appellabat Cecro- 


piam.! 


— 





GramMARS. 8 179, 6: 2S821,—> 671, r. lviii.; and 672: 7136, r. 
Ixxix. 322, 67 1.—' 440, 715. 

Ipioms. * 9%, 4.—© 51, 2, and 94, 1.—4 95, 1—e 95, 4.—f 9%, 6.— 
€ 96, 12, or 90, 4~- 90, 2, or 91, 4.—j 91, 4.—* 101, 1. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 77 

Augustus primus* Rom? tigrin® ostendit mansie- 
factum.4 

Gymnosophiste in India toto diee ferventibus4 aré- 
nis? insistunt, Solem $s cntuentes. 

Epimenides puer," estu! et itinéreJ fessus,* eae 
et quinquaginta annos© in specu dormivisse. dicitur. 

Julius Cesar simul dictire,! et legentem™ audire soléb ms 

Leo prostrdtis » parcit. 

Aves aduncos ungues habentes carne® vescuntur, nec 
unquam congregantur. 

Canis venaticus venatérem comitantem loro: ad fera- 
rum lustra trahit. 

Beneficium non in eo? consistit quod datur, sed in 
ipso dantis™ animo.’ 

Struthiocameli AfrYci altitudinem equitis equo4 imst- 
dentis excédunt. 

Interdum delphini conspecti sunt, defunctum4 del- 
phinum portantes, et quasi funus agentes. 

Multa, que de infantibus ferarum lacte nutritis * pro- 
duntur, fabuldsa' videntur. 

Homo quidam, lapide éctus,* oblitus est litéras;s ali. 
us, ex prealto tecto lapsus, matris et affnium nomina 
dicére non potuit. 

L. Siccius Dentatus, centies vicies prelidtus, quadra- 
ginta quinque cicatrices adverso corporef habébat, nul- 
lam in tergo. 


Gramarans. 2 274, 665.—> 548, r. xxxvi.: 932, rv. lvi—s* 90, 13 3, 
136.—* 565, rv. xli.: 950, rx. Ixii—f 611, (in): 992.—£ 4317, i 
712, rv. viii 542, r. xxxv.: 873, r. xlii—i 720, r. lxv.: 1369, 
r. cviii—! 663, r. lvii.: BF4S, rv. Ixxxiii— 403, 831.—° 484, r, 
xxvii: SSO, vr. xliv.—4 399, x, iv.: S26, r. xxxii—r 322, 671.— 

Sta, r. xiv. 7&8, r. xxii, 








Iproms, 4101, 7 and &—e 6 6.—* 13, 2.—€ 101, 4—™ 19, 1.— 
igs 1.—?P 19, 4. 


78 INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES. 


Lednes satidti innoxii sunt. 

Elephantes nemini® nocent, nisi /acessite. 

Elephantes amnem > transitiri © minimos premittunt. 

Pavo lauddtus¢ gemmdtam pandit caudam. 

Gallus, ab adversario victus,¢ occultatur! silens, et 
servitium patitur. 

Leo vulnerdtus© percussdrem intelligit, et in quanta- 
libet multitudine appétit. 

Olores iter facientes¢ colla imponunt Hebei ’ 
fessos duces ad terga recipiunt. 


Testudines in mari degentes conchyhisf vivunt; in 
terram egresse, herbis.f 

Sarmite longinqua itintra factiri,¢ inedia pridie 
prepirant equos, potum exiguum zmpertientes; atque 
ita longissimam viam continuo cursu conficiunt. 

Elephanti, equitatu ezrcwmventi, infirmos aut fessos 
vulneratosque in medium agmen recipiunt. 

Multos morientes cura sepulttire angit. | 

Danius, ex gypto in Greciam advectus, rex» Ar- 
givorum faidtins est. 

Alexander, Bucephilo equo: defuncto, duxit exequi- 
as, urbemque Bucephilon appelldtam ejus tumutlo J cir- 
cumdédit. 

P. Catiénus Plotmus patronum aded dilexit, ut, he- 
res omnibus ejus bonis* instztitus,° in rogum ejus se 
conjicéret! et concremarétur. 


GRamMMARS. * 403, r. v.: SSL, 1. xxxiii—> 613, r. li: 99S, 4r 
Ixx.— 688, 1350.—¢ 501, r.xxix.: S55, vr. xxxix.—f 485. —" 319, 
v.: G6G ; and 320, 667.— 690, r. Ix.: 7549.—i 501, r.: 855, 
r. xxxix.; and 505, S59.—* 380, r.: 73S,—! 624, 1, letis 12 226, 


Ty toms.—4 116, 7.—e 19.—£ 105, 1—' 9.1 1119, 2. 


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES, 79 


Erinacei volutdti# super poma, humi? jacentia, illa 
spinis © affia in cavas arbores portant. 

Indicum mare testudines tante magnitudinis? alit, 
ut singile tugurio tegendo® sufficiant.f 

Leones, senes factz, appétunt homines, quoniam ad 
persequendas& feras vires non suppétunt, 

Struthiocamélis ungtle sunt cervinis' similes, com 
prehendendis) lapidibus utiles, quos* in fuga contra se- 
quentes! jaculantur. 


32. Ablative Absolute. (§ 146, R. LX., 1549.) 


Senescente Iundé™ ostrea tabesctre dicuntur, eres- 
cente eddem, gliscunt. Cepe contra, Lnnd deficiente, 
reviresctre, adolescente, inarescére dicitur. 

Geryone interemto Hercules in Italiam venit. 

Sabinis" debellatis, Tarquinius triumphans Romam 
rediit. 

Juséne™ Lycio interfecto, canis, quem habébat, cibum 
captre noluit, inediaque confectus est. 

Regis Lysimitchi canis, domino™ accensa pyre? wm- 
posito, in flammas se conjecit. 

Nicoméde™ rege interfecto, equus ejus vitam finivit 
inedia. 

Chilo, unus e septem sapientibus,° filio victoreP Olym- 
pie,4 pre gaudio exspiravit. 





GRAMMARS. » 559, 944,—* 522, r. iii: LOZS, rv. lxxiv.—4 339, 
r. vi: 757, ¥. xvi.—e? 703, 13832 3; and 101,17. xii: L822, r. civ.; 
399, vr. iv.: S26, r. xxxii— 627, 1, Ist: L220.—*» 394, r. ii: 
821, 1. xxx.—i 337, 756.— 437, rv. ic: G12, rv. viiii—™ 690, r. lx. 
1349.— 694, 1351.—* 360, 775.—P 695, 97 2.—1 548, r 
rEmavi.: Doe, tT. Lvs 

Ipioms.—* 116, 4.—® 112, 6—# 112, 7.— 19.—-j 112, 6—! 19, L— 
® 104, 1.—P 110,4—94 2. 











FABLES FROM ARSOP. 


1. Accipiter et Columbe. 


CoLumB# milvii metu accipitrem® rogavérunt,* ut 
eas> defendéret.c Ule> annuit. At in¢ columbare 
receptus, uno die® majorem stragem edidit, quam mil- 
vius longo tempore ® potuisset edére.f | 

Fabula docet, malorumg patrocinium vitandum h 
esse.! 


2. Mus et Milvius. 

-Milvius laqueis irretitus musctlum@ exoravit, ut 
eum, corrosis plagis/ liberaret.¢ Quo* facto, milvius 
liberatus murem arripuit et devoravit. 

Hee fabila ostendit, quam gratiam mali s.pro bene- 
ficiis reddére soleant.! 


3. Heedus et Lupus. 
Heedus, stans in™ tecto domfis, lupo” pretereunti° 


— 


* The remote object of rogavérunt here is aceipitrem; the immediate, 
ut eas defendéret. (Rw XXX. § 124.) So, generally, in these fables, after 
inquit, dixit, respondit, and the like, the immediate object of the verb is a 
clause expressing the thing said or replied, and, if in direct discourse, 
(651), is printed in italics. 

GRAMMARS.—* 627, 1, 3d: Z2OS.—*" 397, r.: S24, vr. xxxi. 

Ipioms.—* 63, 3.—> 2%, 6.—© 78, 5.—4 123, 2.—° 6, 6.—* 88, 5.— 
& 20, 1.— 108, 4.— 95, 1.—j 109, 2, and 104, 1—* 38, 5.—! 74, 9.— 
m 123,2—" 7, 3—° 101, 1. 





FABLES FROM SOP. 81 


maledixit. Cui? lupus, Won tu,» inquit, sed tectum 
mihie maledicit. 
Szepe locus et tempus homines timidos audaces reddit.4 
4. Grus et Pavo. 


Pavo, coram grue pennas suas ¢ explicans, Quanta! est, 


inquit," formositas mea et tua deformitas! At grus ev6- 


lans, Ht quanta est, inquit, levitas mea et tua tarditas! 

Monet hee fabiila, neg ob aliquod bonum, quod no- 
bis natira tribuit,* alios contemnamus,! quibus? natu- 
ra aliai et fortasse majdra! dedit.' 


5. Pavo. 

Pavo graviter conquerebatur! apud Jundnem, domi. 
nam suam,® quod vocis suavitas sibi™ negata esset," dum 
luscinia, avis tam parum decora,° cantu excellat.2 Cuia 
Juno, Ht meritd, inquit; non enim omnea bona in unum 
conferre oporturt. 


6. Anséres et Grues. 


In eddem quondam prato pascebantur! anséres et 
erues. Adveniente domino? prati, grues facilé avola- 
bant; sed anséres, impediti corporis gravitate,a depre- 
hensit et mactati sunt. 

Sic seepe pauptres,scum potentiorYbus in eddem crim- 
ine deprehensi, soli t dant peenam, dum illi salvi evadunt. 


GraMMARS.— 504, S5S.— 315, G4£6.—* 397, r.: S24, r. xxxi. 
—1313, G£4.— 627, 1, 3d, 7205.—'160,1: ZOSS.— +655, 1255. 
—4 942, r. xxxv.: S73, rv. xlii— 445, 727.—" 423, Exc iii: F7£O. 

Iproms.—* 63, 1.—* 7, 3.—© 30, 1.—f 48.—£ 121, 3.—) 77, 3— 19, 
4;—* 42, 1—™ 64, 2.—216,75\—P 9, and) 109, 1—* 115, 1—* 20.— 
t 16, 4. 











82 FABLES FROM ASOP. 


7. Capra et Iupus. 


Lupus capram in® alta rupe stantem conspicatus, 
Cur non, inquit, relinguis» nuda illa et sterilia loca, et 
hue descendis in® herbidos campos, qui tibi letum pabit- 
lum offérunt ? Cui respondit capra: Mihie non est in 
animo, dulciat tutis® proeponére. 


8. Venter et Membra. 


Membra quondam dicébant ventri:4 Mosnes te sem- 
per ministerio nostro alémus, dum ipse: summo otioi 
trueris? Non faciémus.* Dum igitur ventri* cibum 
subducunt, corpus debilitatur, et membra! seré invidis « 
suc poenituit.™ 


9. Canis et Boves. 

Canis jacebat® in® presépi bovesque latrando® a 
pabiilo arcebat. Cui¢d unusP boum, Quanta ista,4 in- 
quit, envidia est, quod non patéris, ut eo ciboi vescdmur,* 
quem tu ipse' capére nec velis® nee possis !s 

Hee fabtila invidiz inddlem declarat. 


10. Vulpes et Leo. 


Vulpes, quae nunquam lednem vidérat, quum eit forte 
occurrisset," ita est Y perterrita, ut pene morerétur W for- 


GramMARS.— 501, r.: S55, vr. xxxix.—i 484, r. xxvi.: SSO, rv. 
xliv—! 419, SOS ; Exc. ii—* 160, 1: ZOSS.—1 123, 2: 1030. 
—* 656, 1297.— 399, r.: S26, r. xxxii.—wv 627, 1, lst: 7220. 


Iproms.—* 123, 2.—> 56, 2d, 3d.—e 123, 1.—4 63, 1.—e 118, 7 and 
bi—f 19, 4.—* 58, 7." 190.932, 9. 8 1) mg es 
P21; 22 94.4 7)9.m Ya 8 104) 16. Ae 

* Supply hoc. Id, 19, 4. 


FABLES FROM SOP. 83 


midine.* Hundem conspicata» itérum, timuit quidem, 
sed nequaquam,° ut antea.¢ Tertid illid obvidm facta, 
ausa est etiam propius accedére, eumque® alldqui. 


11. Caneri. 


Cancer dicébat£ filios: Mi» fili,' nei sie obliqu’s sem- 
per gressibus® incéde, sed rectd vid* perge. Cui ille, 
Mi pater, respondit, libenter tuis preceptisk obséquar, 
si te prius idem facientem vidéro.} 

Docet hac fabila, adolescentiam™ nulla re* magis 
quam exemplis® instrui.° 


12. Boves. 


In eddem prato pascebanturf tres boves in maxima 
concordia, et sic ab omnip ferarum incursidne tuti 
erant. Sed dissidio4 inter illos orto, singuli a feris 
petitis et laniati sunt. 

Fabuala docet, quantum bonis sitt in concordia. 


13. Astnus. 


Asinus, pelle lednis inditus, territabat homines et 
bestias, tanquam leo esset.v Sed forté, dum se celeritis¥ 


GRAMMARS —* 542, r. xxxv.: 87.3, r. xlii—¢ 600, r. xlvii: 870, 
r, xli—* 613, 7. lii.: 993, r. Ixx.—f 159, SSS 3 and 504, 1087.— 
bh 98,1, Notel: 190.— 69, Ex. 5: 65.—i 657, 2: 71173.—' 168, 
vi.: O9S.—™ 671, r. lviii.: 7736, r. xxix." 469, S97 .—? 740, 
2a: 1387.— 343, r. viii: 771, r. xix.t 627, 5: 1182.—" 627, 
2: 1207.—* 413, 902. 

Tpioms.—> 105, 1—* —. Sup. timuit.—e® 11.—* 7, 2.—* 95, 4.— 
9, 1, and 109, 6.—* 115, 1.— = 64, 7.—* 22,3. 





84. FABLES FROM JESOP, 


movet, aures eminébant; unde agnitus in® pistrinum 
abductus est, ubi poenas petulantiz dedit. 

_ Hee fabila stolidos» notat, qui immeritis honorYbus ® 
superbiunt. 


14. Mulier et Gallina. 


Mulier quedam habébat gallinam, que ei quotidie 
ovum pariébat aureum. Hine suspicari¢ ccepit, illam ¢ 
auri massam intus celare,f et gallinam occidit. Sed 
nihil in ea repérit, nisi quod ¢ in aliis gallinis reperiri 
solet. It&ique dum majoribus divitiish inhiabat, etiam 
minores‘ perdidit. 


15. Viatdres et Asinus. 

Duo> qui una iter faciébant, asinum oberrantem in 
solitudine conspicati,) accurrunt leeti, et uterque eum 
sibi vindicare ccepit, quod eum prior conspexisset.! 
Dum vero contendunt et rixantur, nee™ a" verberibus 
abstinent, asinus auftigit, et neuter eo° potitur. 


16. Corvus et Lupi. 


Corvus partem prede petébat a lupis, qudd eos 
totum diemp comitatus esset.! Cui illi, Won tu nos, 
inquiunt, sed predam sectdtus es, idque4 eo animo,® ut 
ne nostris quidem corporibus' parcéres,s st exanima- 


\ 


yentur.t 





GRAMMARS.—¢ 542, r. xxxv.: 873, r. xlii—4 663, r. lvii.: 748, 
r, Ixxxiii—e 671, r. lviii.: 2136, r. lxxix.— 399, r. iv.: S26, r. 
xxxii— 274, 663.—! 655, 1255.—™ 242, 1: 490.— 615, 994. 
© 484, r, xxvi.: SSO, r. xliv.—? 565, r. xli.: YSO, r. 1xi,—1 123, 2, 
a (fecisti); ZO33.—* 403, r. v.: SSL1.— 627, 1, lst: 1220.— 
t 627,2: 1267. ie 

Ipioms.—? 123, 1.—>.19, 1—f 96, 4.—€ 37, 2—+ 19. Sup. divitias. 
ro ee TSN, 4, 








FABLES FROM ZSOP. 85 


Merit6d in actionibus non spectitur, quid fiat,» sed 
quo animo fiat.@ 

Pastéres et Lupus. 

Pastores ces& ove? convivium celebrabant. Quod¢ 
quum lupus cernéret,? Ho, inquit, sz agnum rapuissem,¢ 
quantus tumulius fiéret!£ At istis impiine ovem comé- 
dunt! Tum unum illdrum,! Mos enwm,2 inquit, nostra, 
non aliénd ove’ epulamur. 

18. Carbonarius et Fullo. 

Carbonarius, qui spatidsam habébat domum, invita- 
vit fullnem, ut ad se commigraret.i Ile respondit; 
Quenam inter nos esse possitk sociétas? quum tu vestes, 
quas ego nitidas reddidissem,! fuligine et macilis inquina- 
turus esses.™ 

Hee fabtla docet dissimilia™ non debére® conjungi.P 


19. Tubicen. 


Tubicen ab hostYbus captus, Veq me, inquit, interfi- 
cite; nam inermis sum, neque® quidquam habeo preter 
hance tubam. At hostes, Propter hoe ipsum, inquiunt, 
te interimémus, quod, quum ipses pugnandtt sis® imper- 
ttus, alios ad pugnam ineitare soles. 

Fabula docet, non soltim maleficos Y esse puniendos,¥ 
sed * etiam eos, qui alios ad malé faciendumy irritent.! 





GRAMMARS,—* 627, 5: L1S2.—* 295, 7OL.—* 627, 2: 1265, 
r, xevii— 627,5: Z782.—s 118, a Ay L028.—i 485.—j 627, 1, 
3d: 1208.—' 656, 7129 1.—"214, 8: 328.—°671, r. lviii.: 1136, 
r, Ixxix.—P? 665, 77 3S8.—4 657, 2: ZZ 73.— 242,1: 4! 
A327 3 and 349, r. ix.: 765, vr. xviii—* 630, 1247.—" 687, 
I514.— 120, r. Ixv.: L369, r. cviii.—¥ 104, 133 7.—? Sup. 
verum est. 

Tpioms.—* 74, 9.—> 9, 1, and 109, 2.—* 38, 4.—@ 74, 3.—e 74, 7.— 
Regie. Fk 9, 2-19, 49 95 ba a9 9 19 Pi 
* 108, 4. 








86 FABLES FROM SOP. 


20. cote rette et Columbe. 


Accipitres quondam acerrimé inter se belligerabant. 
Hos columbe in®# gratiam reducére conate > effecerunt, 
ut illi pacem inter se* factrent.4 Qudae firmata, accip- 
itres vim suam in ipsas columbas convertérunt. 


Hee fabila docet, potentidrum discordias imbecil. 
lioribus & seepe prodesse. 


Q1. Mulier et Gallina. 


Mulier vidua gallinam habébat, que ei quotidie unum 
ovum pariébat. Illa existimabat, si gallinam diligen- 
tius saginaret,» fore,' ut illa bina aut terna ova quotidie 
partret. Quum autem cibo superfluo gallina pinguis 
esset facta,j plané ova parére desiit. 

Hee fabiila docet, avaritiam seepe damndsam esse. 


22. Vulpes et Uva. 

Vulpes uvam in vite conspicata> ad illam subsiliit 
omnium virium suarum contentione,: si eam forté at- 
tingére posset.2 Tandem defatigata inani labdre* dis- 
cédens dixit: At nune etiam acerbe sunt, nec! eas in 
vid repertas™ tollérem.® 

Heec fabtila docet, multos® ea° contemntre, que se 
asstqui posse despérent.p 





GRAMMARS.—4 627, 1, 3d: L2O08.—® 393, r. i: S20, vr. xxix.— 
1678, 21335.—* 542, r, xxxv.: S73, rv. xlii— 
1 242.1: 490.—? 656, 1291. 





Iproms.-~* 123, 1.—> 105, 2.—* 31, Note.—e 38, 3.—f 31, 3.—ij 74, 
8.—" 101 4.--" 78 8—° 19, 1, and 4. 


FABLES FROM ZSOP. 87 


23. Vulpes et Leena. 


Vulpes leense* exprobrabat, quod nonnisi unum 
eattilum paréret.o Huic dicitur respondisse, Unum, 
sed lednem. 

Hee fabiila, non copiam sed bonitatem rerum esti- 
mandam ¢ esse, docet. 


24. Mures. 


Mures aliquando habuérunt consilium, quomédo sibi 
a fele cavérent.4 Multis aliise propositis, omnibus! 
placuit,s ut ei tintinnabtlum annecterétur ;' sic enim 
ipsosJ sonitu admonitos eam fugére posse.* Sed quum 
jam inter mures quererétur,! qui feli™ tintinnabtlum 
annectéret," nemo repertus est. 

Fabtla docet, in suadendo plurimos esse audaces,° 
sed in ipso perictilo timidos.P 


25. Canis Mordazx. 


Cani* mordaci paterfamilias jussit tintinnabilum ex 
gre appendi, ut omnes eum cavére possent.i Ile verd 
zris tinnitu gaudébat, et, quasi virtutis sue premium?! 
esset,’ alios canes pre se contemnére ccepit. Cui unus 
senior,t O te" stolidwm, inquit, qui wgnordre vidéris,¥ 
isto tinnitu pravitdtem morum tudrum indicari !v 


GRAMMARS.—* 501, r. xxix.: SS1,1r.xxxiii—> 629, 7255.—4 627, 
5: 1182.—* 409, r. xviii.: S4#O, vr. xxxv.— 522, 7. iii: LOTS, rv. 
Ixxiv.—i 627, 1, 4th: 7222.—* 679, Sun. existiamavérunt: 1159. 
—”™ 601, r. xxix.: S55, r. xxxix—® 127,1: 1182. —° 322, 67 1.— 
P 720.— 319, r.v.: 666, r. vi—* 627, 2. Sup. éd. se. tintinnabilum: 
L277.— 451, 977. 


Ipioms.—* 63, 2.—® 108, 4.—e 9, 1, and 19, 4 65.—i 32, 8.— 
165, and 74, 3.—" 76, 2—4 90, 1—t 6, 3. Sup. cetéris—v 95, 4.— 
w 70, 3. 


88 FABLES FROM ZSOP. 


Hee fabiila scripta est in® eos, qui sibi® insignibus 
flagitiorum sudrum placent. 


26.. Canis et Lupus. 

Lupus canem videns bené saginitum, Quanta est, in- 
quit, felicitas tual Lu, ut vidéris,< lauté vivis, at ego 
fame enécor. Tum canis, Licet, inquit mecum4 in urbem 
venias,® et eddem felrertate! frudris. Lupus conditionem 
accépit. Dum una eunt, animadvertit lupus in collo 
canis attritoss pilos. Quid hoe est? inquit.* Numh 
jugum sustines?' cervix enim tua tota est glabra. Nihil 
est, canis respondit. Sed interdiw me alligant, ut noctu 
sim vigilantior ; atque hee sunt vestigia colldris, quod 
eervict) circumddri solet. Tum lupus, Vale, inguit, 
amice!* nihil! moror felicitdtem servitiite emptam! 

Heee fabila docet, libérist nullum commiddum tanti™ 
esse, quod” servitutis calamitatem compensare possit.° 


27. Lupus et Grus. 


In faucibus lupi os inhestrat. Mercéde igitur con- 
ducit gruem, qui® illud extrithat.e Hoce4 grus longi- 
tudine colli facilé effécit. Quum autem mercédem 
postularet, subridens lupus et dentibus infrendens, 
Num tibi, inquit, parva merces* vidétur,» quod caput 
incolume ex lupt faucibus extraxisti ? § 





GRAMMARS.—? 403, r.v.: SSH, r.xxxiii—! 118, 4: 4973,—®2 632, 
I204.— 484, r. xxvi.: SSO, vr. xliv.—* 179, 6: 281.—i 522,r. 
iii.: LOTS, rv. Ixxiv.—k 448, 973.—! 500, 799.—™ 582, F799; 
496, SOO.—° 643, 2: 1227.—? 643, 4th: 1272.— 319, r. v.: 
666, r. vi— 624, 1, 2: LO79 and 1261,.—* 378, r. xv.: 870, 
Pe xil, 








Ipioms.—* 123, 1.— 70, 6.—% 97, 4.—® 56, 3d—i 58, 1—" 40, L— 
q 19, 4.—" 51 and 70. 
* Supply lupus. 


FABLES FROM ZSOP. 89 


28. Agricdla et Angus. 

Agricéla anguem repérit frigdre pene extinctum. 
Misericordia motus eum fovit sinu,® et subter alas re- 
condidit. Mox anguis recreatus vires recépit, et agri- 
cdle © pro beneficio letale vulnus inflixit. 





Hee fabiila docet, qualem4 mercédem mali pro bene- © 


ficiis reddé@re soleant.4 


29. Astnus et Hquus. 


Asinus equum beatum pradicabat, quie tam copidse 
pascerétur,e quum sibi post molestissimos labores ne 
pales quidem satis preberentur.f Forté autem bellos 
exorto equus in preelium agitur, et circumventus ab 
hostibus, post incredibiles labores tandem, multis vul- 
neribus confossus, collabitur. Heec omnia asinus con- 
spicatus,! O me stolidwm, inquit, quie beatitudinem ex 
presentis temporis fortiind estimavérim !e 


30. Agricola et Filit. 


Agrictla senex, quum mortem sibik appropinquare! 
sentiret, filios convocavit, quos, ut fiéri solet,~ inter- 
dum discordare » novérat, et fascem virgularum afferri 2 
jubet. Quibus? allatis, filios hortatur, ut hune fascem 
frangérent.P Quod4 quum facére non possent, distri- 
buit singtilas virgas, iisque celeriter fractis, docuit 





GRAMMARS.— 611, 99:2.—» 608, r. li: DSS, r. Ixix.—* 501, r 
xxix.: 855, vr. xxxix.— 627, 5: 1182.—* 645, r. iii: Z257,r 
xev. 630, 1247.—i 449, vr. xxi: 975, vr. lxv.—* 399, 1. -iv.: 
826, vr. xxxii—? 627, 1, 3d: 1208. 


Toroms.—f 74, 3—S 9, 1, and 109, 5.— 123, 1.—! 105, i—Y 96, L 
m 68, 3.—® 90, 2. -° 38, 3.—4 38, 4. 


\ 


90 FABLES FROM SOP. 


illos,# quam firma res» esset¢ concordia, quamque im. 
becillis discordia. 


31. Hquus et Asinus. 


Asinus onustus sarcinis equum? rogavit, ut aliqua 
parte4 onéris see levaret, si see vivum vidére vellet.f 
Sed ille asini preces repudiavit. Paulo post igitur asi- 
nus labore consumptus in via corruit, et efflavit animam. 
Tum agitator omnes sarcinas, quas asinus portavérat, 
atque instiper etiam pellem asinos detractam in» equum 
imposuit. Ibi ille serd pridrem superbiam deplorans, O 
me misérum, inquit, que parvilum onus inh me recipére 
noluérim,' quum nune cogari tantas sarcinas ferre, une 
cum pelle comitis met, ceujus preces tam superbé contemp- 
séram. 


32. Mulier et Ancille. 


Mulier vidua, que texendo* vitam sustentabat, solé- 
bat ancillas suas! de nocte excitare ad opus, quum pri- 
mim galli cantum audivisset. At ille diuturno labore 
fatigate statuérunt gallum interficére.™ Quo facto, 
deteridre conditidne ° quam prits* esse coepérunt. Nam 
domina, de hora noctis incerta P nunc familas seepe jam 
prima nocte4 excitabat. 





* Supply fuérant. 

GRAMMARS.—¢ 627, 5: 1782.—4 514, r. xxxi.: 917, r. 1.—® 118, 
3, Ist: LOZ4.—f 627, 2: 1265.—® 524, r.v.: 2075, rv. lxxiv— 
1645, vr. ii: L257, r. xev.—* 705, 1340.—™ 663 r. lvii.: L148, 
r. Ixxxilii—° 611, 992.—4 565, r. xl: 9AY, vr. Ix. 








Iptoms.—* 63, 4, 3.—? 57, 6, and Wote—) 123, 1.—i 74, 1.—! 30, 1 
38, 5, and 109.—? 16. 





FABLES FROM SOP. 91 


33, Testido et Aquila. 


Testiido aquilam magnopére orabat, ut sese* volare 
docéret. Aquila ei ostendébat quidem, eam> rem pe- 
t®rec nature’ sue contrariam; sed illa nihilo® mints 
instabat, et obsecrabat aquilam, ut se? volucrem facétref 
vellet. It%que ungiilis arreptam* aquila sustulit in 
sublime, et demisit illam, ut per aérem ferrétur. Tum 
in saxa incidens comminita interit. 

Hee fabiila docet, multos¢ cupiditatibus suis ecce- 
catos consilia prudentiorum respuéregs et in exitium 
rutre ¢ stuititid sua.b 


34. Luscinia et Accipiter. 


Accipiter esuriens rapuit lusciniam. Que,i quum 
intelligéret sibi] mortem s impendére, ad preces con- 
versa orat accipitrem, ne* se perdat sine causd. Ses 
enim avidissimum ventrem illius non posse explére, et 
suadére aded, ut grandiores aliquas volucres venétur.! 
Cui accipiter, Insanivem,™ inquit, st partam predam 
amittére,™ et incerta? pro certis® sectari vellem.? 


35. Senex et Mors. 
Senex in silva ligna cecidérat, iisque 4 sublatis,domum* 





* Supply délam. 
GRAMMARS.—* 118, 3, Ist: ZO24,—> 673 and 674, J136.—4 382, 
r. xvi.: S6O, r. xl.—® 579, r. xliii.: 929, r. lv.—i 399, r. iv.: 826, 
r. xxxiii! 656, 7291.—? 627, 2: 12265.—¥ 558, r. xxxix.: 945, 
is ox: 





Iptoms.—> 27, 2, 6, and 91—° 96, 1—f 87, 5.—£ 91, 2.—! 31, 3.— 
139, 5.—F 121, 2—™ 78, 8.—" 87, 5.—* 19, 49 9, 1, and 109, 
n 


92 FABLES FROM ZSOP. 


redire ccepit. Quum aliquantum®? vie> progressus es- 
set,¢ et¢ onére et vid defatigatus fascem deposuit, et 
secum etatis et inopiz mala contemplatuse Mortem 
clara voce invocavit, queef ipsums ab omnibus his ma- 
lis» liberaret.f Tum Mors senis precibus auditis! sub- 
{td adstitit,* et, quid vellet,j percunctatur.k At Senex, 
quem! jam votorum ™ sudrum peenitebat,! Wihdl,t inquit, 
sed requiro qui™ onus paulilum allévet! dum ego rursus 
subeo.t 


36. Inimict. 


In eAdem navi vehebantur duo,° qui inter seP capi- 


talia odia exercébant. Unus edrum 4 in prora, alter in 


puppi residébat. Orta tempestate ingenti, quum omnes 
de vita desperarent, interrodgat is," qui in puppi sedé- 
bat, gubernatorem, Utram partem navis prius submer- 
sum iris existimaret.i Cui gubernator, Proram,]|| re- 
spondit. Tum ille, Jam mors mihi non molesta est, 
quum inimict met mortem adspectiirus sim.* 


37. Hinnuleus et Cervus. 


Hinnuleus quondam patrem suum his verbis interro- 
gasse dicitur: Miu pater, quum multov sisw major canibus,* 


* Supply seni, Gr.399, R. IV. + Supply volo. } Supply id, viz: onus, 
H Supply prids submersum ire, 

GRAMMARS.—* 573, r. xlii.: DSS, vr. lxii—> 343, r. viii: 77D. rv. 
xix.—-* 517.—k 621, 7167. —™ 419, Exc. ii: SOS. —® 286, 4th.— 
?118,5: 2O19.—t W0,1: 21725 and 214, 8: S28.—" 98, Note 
1: 190.— 5179, r. xliii.: 929, r. lv. 


Ipioms.—* 74, 8—4 124, 1.—e 106, 1—f 40, 4—# 32, 8.—i104, 1. 
—j 74,/16.—1.66, 9.—» 37, 1.—°.19, 1.—P 128, 3—4 21, 22 ae one 
Sh 100, Fi 74, 1 6a 


FABLES FROM SOP. 93 


et tam ardua cornua habeas,* quibus a te vim propulsare 
possis,» qui fit,” ut canes tantopeére metuas? Ibi cervus 
ridens, Mi nate, inquit, vera’ memoras; mihie tamen, 
nescio quo pacto, semper accidit,° ut auditd canum voce, 
in fugam statim convertar. . 

Hee fabiila docet, natura’ formidoldsos nullis ration- 
ybus! fortes reddi posse. 


38. Hedus et Lupus. 


Quum heedus evasisset lupum, et confugisset in cau- 
lam ovium, Quid tu, stulte, inquit ille, hic te saluum 
Sutiirum & speras,ubi quotidie pecides rapt et dis! macta- 
. 7th videas?> Non curo, inquit heedus; nam sz morien- 
dum i sit, quanto preclarius! mihi™ erit, meo cruére 
aspergi aras dedrum immortalium, qudm irrigart siecas 
lupi fauces. 

Hee fabila docet, bonos® mortem, que omnibuse 
imminet, non timére,°® si cum honestate et laude con- 
juncta sit.P 


39. Corvus et Vulpes. 


Corvus alicunde caseum rapuérat, et cum illo in al- 
tam arbdrem subvolarat.¢ Vulpectla illum caseum 
appétens corvum blandis verbisf adoritur; quumque 





GRAMMARS.—* 720, r. Ixv.: L369, r. cviii—> 656, 1291.— 
° 399, r.iv.: 826, r. xxxii—f 542, r. xxxv.: 873, r. xlii.—& 179, 
4, Note 1: 1135.—i 522, r. iii.: LO75, rv. Ixxiv.—i 699, », xi: 
1307, 1. cii—* 579, r. xliii.: 929, r. lv.—! 270, 659.—* 382, r. 
xvi.: SOO, r. xl.—? 627, 2: 1265.—4 214,1: 315. 


Ipioms.—*. 51, 4.—4 19, 4.—» 95,4—* 91, 2.—° 95, 1. 








‘a 


94 FABLES FROM ZSOP. 


primtim formam ejus? pennarumque nitdrem laudis. 
set, Pol, inquit, te aviwm regem esse dicérem,» st cantus 
pulchritudint® tue respondéret. Tum ille laudibus vul- 
pis inflatus etiam cantu se valére 4 demonstrare voluit. 
Ita verd e rostro aperto caseus delapsus est, quem vul- 
pes arreptum devoravit. 

Heec fabtila docet, vitandase esse adulatorum voces, 
qui blanditiis suis nobis‘ insidiantur. 


40. Leo. 


Societatem junxérant leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. Pree- 
dag autem, quam cepérant, in quatuor partes equales 
divisa, leo, Prima, ait, mea est; debétur enim heech 


preestantice: mee. Tollam et secundam, quam merétur . 


roburmeum. Tertiam i vindicat sibi egregius labor meus. 
Quartam qui sibt arrogare voluérit, isk sciat,! se habiti- 
rum™ me inimicum sibi.m Quid facérent°® imbecilles 
bestia, aut que* sibin lednem infestum habére vellet?o 


41. Mus et Rusticus. 

Mus a rustico in caricérum acervo deprehensus tam P 
acri morsu ejus* digitos vulneravit, ut? ille eum dimit- 
téret,1 dicens: Nihil, meherciile, tam pusillum est, quod* 
de saliite desperdre debeat, modo se defendére et vim de- 
pulsare velit.s 





* Supply bestia, Id. 19. 

GRAMMARS.—° 405, 5th: &833.—f 403, S37.—i 519, r.: LO75, 
r. lxxiv.—J 501, r.: SSS, r. xxxix.— 118, 3, 8d: ZOSS.— 171, 1: 
LI9S.—™ 179, 4. Note 1: 27S8.—* 382, r. xvi.: SGO, r. xl.—° 142, 
2d: 11S50.—4 627, 1, lst: 2220.—+ 627,4: 1265. 


Ip1oms.— 31, and Obs.—? 78, 8.—4 96, 2.—* 108, 4.--€ 7, 7.—# 9,1, 
and 109.—* 19.—i 64, 2.—i 62.—P 124, 15.—" 40, 3. 











FABLES FROM ZSOP. 95 


42. Vultur et Avicile. 

Vultur aliquando avictilas invitavit? ad convivium, 
quod illis datiirus esset» die natalisuo. Que4 quum 
ad tempus adessent, eas carptre et occidére, epulasque 
sibi de invitatis mstruere coepit. \ 


45. Rane. 

Rane letabantur, quum nuntiatum essete Solem ux- 
Orem duxisse.f Sed una cetérise prudentior, O vos 
stolidcs, inquit; nonne meministis.» quantopére nos seepe 
unius Solis estus excruciet?: Quid igitur fiel, quum 
libéros etiam procreavérit? 3 


44, Rane et Jupiter. 

Rane aliquando regem sibi a Jove petivisse dicunt- 
ur. Quarum ille precibus exoratus trabem ingentem 
in lacum dejécit. Rane sonitu perterrite primim re- 
fugére,' deinde verd trabem in aqua natantem conspi- 
cate magno cum contemptu™ in ea consedérunt, alium- 
que sibi novis clamoribus regem expetiverunt. Tum 
Jupiter earum stultitiam punitirus® hydrum illis mi. 
sit, a quo® quum plurime capte perirent, serd eas P 
stolidarum precum pcenituit. 


45, Lupi et Pastores. 


Quum Philippus, rex Macedoniz, cum AtheniensYbus 
fuedus inittirus esset e@ conditidne,a ut oratores suos 


—_ 


GRAMMARS.—® 655, 7255.—¢ 565, r. xl.: 949, vr. lx. — 84, 2: 
#5 (.—' 157, 1: LOST ; 627,5: 1182.—i 168, 1098.—* 51:, 
737.— 669, T1587. —™ 545, 8S76.—° 530, 1074, —P 419.— 
4542, r. xxxv.: 873, r. xii. 














Ipioms.—* 73.—¢ 39 6.—e 51, 2.—f 98, 3.—¥ 6, 3.—* 58, 1.— 102, 
POG) Ge 


96 FABLES FROM ZSOP. 


ipsi@ tradérent, Demosthtnes poptilo narravit fabtilam, 
gua iis» callidum regis consilium ante octilos ponéret.¢ 
Dixit enim lupos quondam cum pastoribus pactos esse,4 
se nunquam in postérum® greges esse impugnaturos,f 
si canes ipsisg dederentur. Placuisse stultis pastori- 
bus» conditidnem; sed quum lupi caulas excubiis: nu- 
datas vidissent, eos J impétu facto omnem gregem dila- 
nidsse. 


46. Puer Mendazx. 


Puer oves pascens crebro per lusum magnis clamori- 
bus opem rusticdrum imploravérat, lupos gregem suum. 
ageressos esse* fingens. Sepe autem frustratus eos, 
qui auxilium laturi! advenérant, tandem lupo revera 
irruente, multis cum lacrymis vicinos orare coepit, ut 
sibim et gregi™ subvenirent. At illi eum pariter ut an- 
tea ludére™ existimantes preces ejus et lacrymas neeg- 
lexérunt, ita ut lupus libéré in oves grassarétur,° plu- 
rimasque earum P dilaniaret. 


47. Corvus. 


Corvus, qui caseum forté reperérat, gaudium alta 
voce 4@ significavit. Quo sono4d allecti plures corvi 
famelici advolaverunt,’ impetuque in illum facto, opr 
mam eit dapem eripuérunt. 

GRAMMARS.—* 501, r. xxix.: SSS, r. xxxix.— 380, S71.—* 641, 
Sp. r. ii: L2O5.—* 232, Obs. 1: 5SPL.—® 522, vr. iii: LOS, rv. 
ixxiv.—-i 720, 1736.—™ 403, 831.—° 627, 1, lst: 1220.—? 355, 
m Xt ¢ ¢ dy L. XiX,—1.042) 2 SEXY. 2) Sged, f., XI. 





Ipioms.—> 5, 3.—4 98, 2, and 94, 3.—e 19, 6.—f 100, 3.—* 7, 2.— 
" 64, 8.—¥ 94,1, 2d, 2, and 98, 2.—! 102, 1.—m™ 7, 2.—* 94, 1, 2, and 
$6, 2.—" 38.—* Sup. ad ewn.—t 5, 1. 


FABLES FROM SOP. 97 


48. Cornix et Columba. 


Cornix columbe * gratulabatur foecunditatem,> quod 
singulis mensibus pullos excludéret.c At illa, Ve mez, 
inquit, doloris causam commemores.2 Nam quos pullos 
ediico, eos! dominus raptos aut wpse comédit, aut aliis 
comedendoss vendit. Ita mihi mea feecunditas novum 
semper luctum parit. 


493, Leo, Asinus, et Vulpes. 


Vulpes, asinus, et leo, venaitum® ivérant... Ampl& 
preda facta, leo asinumillam partirijubet.i Quik quum 
singulis singtilas! partes ponéret sequales, leo eum cor- 
reptum dilaniavit, et vulpectle partiendi™ negotium 
tribuit. Illa astutior ledni partem maxYmam apposuit, 
sibi vix minYmam reservans partictlam. Tum leo sub- 
ridens ejus prudentiam laudare, et unde hoe didicéret 2 
interrogare, ccepit. Et vulpes, Hijus° me, inquit, ca- 
lamitas docuit, quid mindres? potentioribus debeant.® 


~ 


50. Musce. 


Efftisa mellis copia est: Musca advélant: 4 
Pascuntur. At mox impeditis crurfbus 
Revolare nequeunt. Hew miséram,inquiunt, vicem!t 


GRAMMARS.—* 403, §31.— 539, and Note: 892.—« 655, 1255- 
#171, 1: 7793.— 312, vr. i.: 643, rv. iii—i157, 3: 2082.— 
m 702, 1327.—  627,5: Z1S2.—' 451, 977. 

Ip1oMs.—* 7, 2.-—° 37, 2d, Note, and 6.—f Supply pullos.—s 107, 2. 
—) 114, 1—* 39, 1—! 26, 4.—® viz. asini—P 19, 1—4 Sup. ad id 
(mel.) 











_—— 


98 FABLES FROM SOP. 


Cibus iste* blandus, qui pellexit suaviter, 
Nune fraudulentus quém crudeliter necat! 
Perfida voluptas fabila hac depingitur. 


51. Cancer. 


Mare cancer olim deseruit, in litdre 

Pascendi> cupidus. Vulpes hune simul¢ adspicit 

Jejana, simul accurrit,? et predam capit. 

Ne, dixit ille, gure plector, qui, SALo* 

Quum fuérim natus, voluérim® SoLo ingrédi! 
Suus unicuique? preefinitus est locus, 

Quem preterire sine periclo non licet. 


52. Culex et Taurus. 
In cornu tauri parvilus quondam culex 
Consédit; sequeg dixit, mole si sudg 
Kum gravaret, avolaturum » illico. 
At ille:i Nee te considentem senséram. 








* There is a play upon the words sa/o and se/o, which cannot be pres 
served in the translation ;—a loss of but little importance. 
GRAMMARS.—* 118, 3, 3d: ZO2S8.—> 702, 7327.--© 645, r. iii: 
1251, vr. xcv.—f 522, 1. iii,: LO75, rv. Ixxiv— 302 2: G33, 2 
179, Note1: 1135.— 308, 659. 


Ipioms.—* 124, 11.—4 Sun. ad ewm.-- 31. 


\ 
a 


MYTHOLOGY. 


1. Canmus, Agendris filius, quod draconem, Martis 
filium, fontis cujusdam in Beeotia custddem,* occidérat, 
omnem suam prolem interemptam vidit, et ipse cum 
Harmonia,» uxdre? sud in Illyriam fugit, ubi ambo* 
in dracdnes conversi sunt. 


2. Amycus, Neptiini filius,2 rex Bebryciz, omnes, 
qui in ejus regna venissent,4 cogebat castibus secum 
contendire, et victos occidébat. Hic quum Argonautas 
ad certamen provocasset,¢ Pollux cum eo contendit, et 
eum interf écit. 


3. Otos et Ephialtes, Aloéi filii mira magnitudine § 
fuisse dicuntur. Nam singtilis' mensibus! novem dig- 
Ttis! crescebant. Itaque quum essent annorum novem,s 
in coelum ascendére sunt conati. Hue sibi aditum sic 
facigbant,k ut montem Ossam super Pelion ponérent, 
aliosque preterea montes exstruérent. Sed Apollinis 
sagittis interempti sunt. 


D. Dedilus, Eup! ém1 ' filtus, artifex peritisstmus, ob 


GRAMMARS. a 314, G45. 265, 266: 652, G53. —! 636, 1227. 
—f 254, 626.—® 339, r. vii. “787, r, xvi—i 565 r.xli: 949,14, 
{x,—} 573, r. xlii.: DSS, r. Ea 60,2: 1089. 


In1oms.—* 12, 1.—e 74 8.—s 6, 1.—* 96, 6; 








100 MYTHOLOGY. 


cedem Athénis® commissam in Cretam> abiit ad revem 
Minoém. [hi labyrinthum exstruxit. A Mindée ali- 
quando in custodiam conjectus, sibi et Iciro filio alas 
cera’? aptavit, et cum eoavolavit. Dum Icirus altitse 
evolabat, cera solis calore calefacta, in mare decidit, 
quod ex eo Icarium pelagusf est appellatum. Dedilus 
autem in Siciliam » pervénit. 

5. Adsculapius, Apollinis filius, medicus prestantis- 
simus, Hippolyto, Thesei filio, vitam reddidisse dicYtur. 
Ob id facinus Jupiter eum fulmine percussit. Tum 
Apollo quod filii mortem in Jove § ulcisci non potérat, 
Cyclopes, qui fulmina fecérant, intereémit. Ob hoe fac- 
tum, Apollinem Jupiter Adméto, regi Thessaliz, in 
servitutem dedit. 

6. Alcestim,! Peliz filiam, quum multi in matrimo- 
nium petérent, Pelias promisit, se filiam ei esse datirum,i 
qui feras currui junxisset.* Admétus, qui eam perdité 
amabat, Apollinem rogavit, ut se in hoc negotio adjuva- 
ret. Is quum ab Adméto, dum ei! serviébat, liberaliter 
esset tractatus, aprum ei et leonem currui junxit,™ qui- 
bus" ille Alcestim avexit. Idem gravi morbo implici- 
tus, munus ab Apolline accepit, ut presens perictilum 
effugéret, si quis sponte pro eo moreretur.° Jam quum 
neque pater, neque mater Adméti pro eo mori voluis- 
set? uxor se Alcestis morti obtulit, quam Hercules forté 
adveniens Orci manibus 4 eripuit, et Adméto reddidit. 

7. Cassidpe filiee sue Androméde formam Nereidum 
ea 562, 947.—° 530, 1074.—‘ 319, r.v.: 666, r. vi, 
—t 609 and 610: 9S9 and 99I.—* 501, vr. xxix.: SOS, vr. xxxix. 
#90, 2: 136.—! 403, r. v.: S31, r. xxxiii—™ 42%, r. xix: S55, 
r, xxxix.; 431, S52.— 291, 697.—° 142, 2d: 1205 5 62%, 2: 
1265.—? 313, 644. 

Ipioms.—* 6, 2.—> 123, 1.—4 6, 4.—¢ 22, 3.—8 123, 23100, 2— 
k 80, 2—! 7, 2—15, 1 











MYTHOLOGY. 101 


,orme* anteposuit. Ob hoc crimen ille a Neptino? 
postulavérunt, ut Androméda ceto¢ immani, qui oras 
populabatur, objicerétur. Quad quum ad saxum alli- 
gata esset, Perseus ex Libya, ubi Meditsam occidérat, 
advolavit, et, bellua devictae et interempta,¢ Andromé- 
dam liberavit. 

8. Quam quum abducére vellet victor, Agénor, cul 
antea desponsata futrat, Perseo insidias struxit, ut eum 
interficéret, sponsamque eripéret.f Ile, re cognita,¢ 
caput Mediise insidiantibus ostendit, quo § viso, omnes 
in saxa mutati sunt. Perseus autem cum Androméda 
in patriam rediit. 

9. Ceyx, Hespéri filius, quum in naufragio periisset, 
Alcydne, conjiigis morte audita,¢ se in mare precipitavit. 
Tum dedrum misericordia ambo in aves sunt mutati, 
que Alycdnes appellantur. He aves pariunt hiberno 
tempore.» Per illos dies mare tranquillium esse dici- 
tur; unde naute tranquillos et serénos dies Alcyonéos 
appellare solent. 

10. Tantilus, Jovis filius, tam carus fuit diis,' ut 
Jupiter ei consilia sua concredéret, eumque ad epilas 
dedrum admittéret.£ At ille, que ji apud Jovem audiv- 
érat, cum mortalibus communicabat. Ob id crimen 
dicitur * apud inf@ros in aqua collocatus esse, semperque 
sitire. Nam, quoties haustum aque sumptirus! est, 
aqua recedit. Tum etiam poma ei™ super caput pen- 
dent; sed, quoties ea decerptre conatur, rami vento moti 





GRAMMARS,— 501, r. xxix.: S55, r. xxxix.— 511, 737.—* 522, 


Pr. ii: LZO7s3 vr. ixxiv.—" 365. r. xl: 949, Yr. Ix.—i 382, vr. xvi 
S60, vr. xl.—* 676, 1755.—' 214, 8: 32S8.— 380, Sar, f. 


Ipioms.—4 39, 2.—e 104, 1—* 85.—8 38, 5.—J4 37, 2—™ 5, 2. 





102 MYTHOLOGY. 


recédunt. Alii saxum ejus caprtti* impendére dicant, 
cujus ruiam timens perpetuo metu cruciatur. 

11. In nuptiis» Pelei et Thetidis omnes dii invitati 
erant preter Discordiam. Hee ira comméta malum 
misitin medium, cui ¢ inscripta erant verba: Pulcherrima 
me habéto. Tum Juno, Venus et Minerva illud simul 
appetébant ; 4 magnaque inter eas discordia exorta, Jupi- 
ter Mercurio impérat, ut deas ad Paridem, Priimi fil- 
ium, ductret,¢ quiin monte Ida greges pascébat ;* hune 
earum litem diremptirum esse.f Huie Juno, si se pul- 
cherrimam judicasset,g omnium terrarum regnum est 
pollicita; Minerva ei splendidam inter homines famam 
promisit; Venus autem Helénam, Lede et Jovis filiam, 
se el in conjugium dare? spopondit. Paris, hoe dona - 
prioribus® antepositoi Ven&rem pulcherrimam esse J 
judicavit. Postea Venéris hortatu Lacedeemidnem* pro- 
fectus, Helénam conjigi! suo™ Menclio eripuit.. Hine 
bellum Trojanum originem cepit,ad quod tota feré Grae- 
cia, duce" Agamemndone, Menelai fratre, profecta est. 

12. Thetis, Pelei conjux, quum sciret Achillem filium 
suum citd peritirum esse,f si Grecdrum exercitum ad 
Trojam sequerétur,g eum misit in instilam Scyron,° regi- 
que Lycomédi commendavit. [leeum, muliebri habytu,p 
inter filias suas servabat. Greci autem quum audivis- 
sent eum ibi occultari,a unus edrum? Ulysses, rex Ithi- 
cx, in regios vestibtlo munéra feminea®’ in calathiscis 








* Supply dicens, agreeing with Jupiter, Id. 94, 4. 
GRAMMARS.— 399, r. iv.: S26, r. xxxiii—> 609, 9S9.—° 522, r. 
ii.: 2O75, rv. lxxiv—4 312, r. i: G43, vr, ili—* 627, 1, 3d.—*® 627, 
2: 1265,.— 547, 2: 93L.—™ 118, 3, Exe: 2S6.—° 14, 68.-~ 
P 542, r..<xxv.2 873, r. xlii—* 337, 756. 
Tptoms. —f 94, 1, 2d, and 100, 1.—* 94, 3, and 100, 2.— 104, L.— . 
90, 3. 5, L—™ 20, 4? 110, 1,—2 96, 7.—" 21, 2. 


MYTHOLOGY. 103 


posuit, simulque clypeum et hastam; mulieresque advo- 
cari jussit. Que > dum omnia contemplabantur, sub- 
it) tubicen cecYnit; quo sono audito, Achilles arma 
arripuit. Unde eum virum® essed intellectum est. 

13. Quum totus Grecdrum exercitus Aulide& conve- 
nisset, adversa tempestas eos ob iram Diane retinébat. 
Agamemnon enim, dux illius expeditidnis, cervam dew f 
sacram £ vulneravérat, superbitisque® in Diadnam loci- 
tus erat. Is quum haruspices convocasset, respondé- 
runt, iram dew expiari’ non posse, nisi filiam suam 
Iphigeniam ei immolasset.i Hane ob causam Ulysses 
Argos * profectus mentitur! Agamemnénem filiam 
Achilli in matrimonium promisisse.™ Sic eam Auli- 
dem* abduxit. Ubi quum pater eam immolare® vellet, 
Diana virginem miserata® cervam eiP supposuit. 
Iphigeniam ipsam per nubes in terram Tauricam de- 
tiilit, ibique templi sui sacerddtem fecit. 

14. Trojieversa, quum Greeci domum 4 redire vellent, 
ex Achillis tumitilo vox dicitur fuisse audita, qua Grecos 
monébat, ne fortissfmum virum sine honore relinqué- 
rent... Quare Greci Polyxtnam, Priimi filiam, que vir- 
go fuit formosissima, ad sepulcrum ejus immolaverunt. 

15. Prométheus, lapéti filius, primuss homYnes ex 
luto finxit, lisque P ignem e ccelo in fertila attilit, mon- 
stravitque quomédo cinére obriitum servarent.t Ob hane 
rem Vulcanus eum in monte Cauciso Jovis Jussu clavis 





GRAMMARS,— — 319, r. Vv. : 666, vi.—*f 382, r. xvi.: 860, r. A 
656, 129 1.—* 553, r. xxxvii.: 9 oS, rr. ks 157 3: LO82.— 
P 501, r. xxix.: SOS, r. xxxix.; and 502, S56. 
943, r. lix.— 627, 1, 3d: 7208.—* 274, G68. 





4 1358, T UIE EX, | 

pM Wt ge 

TpIoms.—* 90, 4.—* 38, 6.—4 96, —* 6, 2.—s 16.— 22, 3.— 87, J 
—J 20.—™ 94, 1, 2d, and 98, 2.— 88, 2.—° 106, 1. 








104 MYTHOLOGY. 


ferreis alligavit ad saxum, et aquilam ei apposuit, qua 
cor exedéret. Quantum? vero interdiu exedérat, tan- 
tum  nocte crescébat. Hanc aquilam insequenti tempdre 
Hercules transfixit sagittis, Prometheumque liberavit. 

16. Pluto, inferorum deus, a Jove fratre petébat, ut 
sibi Proserpinam, Jovis et Ceréris filiam, in matrimo- 
nium daret.c Jupiter negavit quidem Cerérem passi- 
ram esse, ut filia in tenebris Tartiiri morarétur;¢ sed 
fratri permisit, ut eam, si posset, raptret.c Quare 
Proserpinam, in nembre Enne in Sicilia flores legen- 
tem, Pluto quadrigis ex terre: hiatu proveniens rapuit. 

17. Ceres quum nesciret ubi filia esset,f eam per totum 
orbem terrarum quesivit. In quo itinére ad Celeum ve- 
nit, regem Eleusiniorum, cujus uxor Metanira puérum 
Triptolémum peperérat, rogavitque ut se tanquam nu- 
tricem in domum recipérent.¢ Quo facto, quum Ceres 
alumnum suum § immortalem reddére vellet, eum inter- 
diu lacte divino alébat, noctu clam igne obruebat. Iti- 
que mirum in modum crescébat. Quod ' quum miraren- 
tur parentes, eam J observaverunt. Quik quum viderent 
Cerérem puérum in ignem mittére,! pater exclamavit. 
Tum dea Celeum exanimavit; Triptolémo autem cur- 
rum draconibus™ junctum tribuit, frugesque mandavit, 
quas per orbem terrarum vectus disseminaret.” 

18. Althea, Thestii filia, ex Mineo pepérit Meleagrum. 
Ei Paree ardentem titiinem dedérunt, prefantes ° Mele- 
ferum tam diu victirum4 quam diu P is titio foret 4 ins 


— 





GRAMMARS.—* 643, 4th.—* 627, 1, 3d: 720S8.—® 677, 5th, 7204. 
—f 656, 1291.—= 641, r. ii. Z218.—4 627, 6: 1291. 





Ipioms.—* 40, 1.—> 44, 3, and 47.—4 100, 2.—8 30, 4—* 74, 3— 
i 38, 4.—j 27, 6.—* 39, 1.—! 96, 1—™ 64, 6.—* 40, 5.—® 94, 1, 2d.— 
® 124, 19. 


MYTHOLOGY. 105 


coliimis. Hunce® itiique Althea diligenter in arca clau- 
sum servavit. Intérim Diana Céneo > irata quia ei sacra 
annua non fecérat, aprum mira magnitudine © misit, qui 
agrum Calydonium vastaret.4 Quem* Meleager cum 
juvenibus ex omni Grecia delectis interfecit, pellemque 
ejus Atalante donavit. Cuif quum Althea fratres eam 
eripére vellent, illa Meleagri auxilium imploravit, qui 
avunculos occidit. Tum Althea, gravi ira ¢ in filium 
commdota,; titidnem illum fatalem in ignem conjéecit. Sic 
Meleager periit. At sordres ejus, dum fratrem insola- 
biliter lugent, in aves mutate sunt. 

19. Eurdpam, AgenGris filiam, Sidoniam, Jupiter in 
taurum mutatus Siddne® Cretam: transvexit, et ex ea 
procreavit Mindém, Sarpedinem, et Rhadamanthum. 
Hane ut reducérent Agénor suos filios misit, conditione . 
addita, ut nec ipsij redirent, nisi sordrem invenissent.* 
Horum unus, Cadmus nomine,! quum erraret, Delphosi 
venit, ibique responsum accépit, bovem precedentem 
sequerétur;™ ubi ille decubuisset, ibi urbem condé- 
ret.* Quod quum facéret,» in Boeotiam venit. Ibi 
aquam querens ad fontem Castalium dracdnem invénit, 
Martis filium, qui aquam custodiébat.o Hune Cadmus 
interfécit, dentesque ejus sparsit et aravit. Unde Sparti 
enati sunt. Pugna inter illos exorta, quinque super- 
fuérunt, ex quibus quinque nobiles Thebandrum stirpes 
originem duxérunt. 


— 








* Condéret is in the same construction with sequerétur. 
GRAMMARS.—* 382, r. xvi.: S6O, r. xl—* 339, r. vii.: 757, r. Xvi. 
—& 542, r,xxxv.: S73, 7. xlii— 556, rv. xxxviii.: 947, r. lviii— 
553, r. xxxvii.; 93S, r. lvii— 656, 2297.—! 535, r. xxxiv.: 


8S9.—™ 632, 1204.— 160, 2: 1085. 


Tproms.—* Sup. titionem.—* 6, 1.—4 40, 4.—¢ 39, 7.—f 39, “ from 
ner ;” and 5, 1.—J 32, 3.—* 38, 4. 





? 


196 MYTHOLOGY. 


20. Quum Bacchus, Jovis ex Seméle filius, exercitum 
in Indiam ducéret, Silénus ab agmine aberravit. Quem@ 
Midas, rex Mygdoniz, hospitio» liberaliter accépit, ei- 
que ducem dedit, qui¢ eum ad Bacchum reducéret. Ob 
hoe beneficium Bacchus Midee optionem dedit, ut quic- 
quid vellet4 a se petéret.e Ille petiit, ut quidquid 
tetigisset4 aurum fiéret.e Quod gs quum impetrasset,) 
quidguid’ tetigérat aurum ficbat. Primo gavisus est 
hae virtite' sua; mox intellexit nihil ipsi) hoc mu- 
nérek perniciosius esse. Nam etiam cibus et potio in 

urum mutabatur.! Quum jam fame cruciarétur, petit 
a Baccho, ut donum suum revocaret.¢ Quem Bacchus 
jussit in flumine Pactolo se abluére, quumque aquam 
tetigisset, facta est colore ™ aureo. 

21. Schoeneus Atalantam filiam formosissfmam dicytur 
habuisse, quse cursu viros superabat.. Hec quum a 
pluribus? in conjugium peteretur, pater eyus conditionem 
proposuit, ut, qui eam ducére vellet,4 prits cursu cum ea 
contendéret;¢ si vietus esset,4 occiderétur.e Multos quum 
superasset et Interfecisset, tandem ab Hippoméne victa 
est. Hic enim a Venére tria mala aurea accepérat. Dum 
eurrebant, horum unum post altérum projécit, lisque » 
Atalante cursum tardavit. Nam dum mala colligit, Hip- 
poménes ad metam pervenit. Huic itique Schoeneus 
filiam uxdrem dedit. Quam P quum in patriam ductret, 
oblitus Ventris beneficio » se vicisse,4 grates eit non egit. 





GRAMMARS.— 542, r, xxxv.: S73, 7. xlii—e 641,17, ii: 1212. 
—41 656, 1291. —e 627, 1, 3d: 7208. —* 631, 7244.— 6i1, 
992.—) 382, r. xvi.: S6O, r. xl—! 313, 64 m 830,00. vil. 8 
GSo¢e— 160,1: LOSS8.— 501, r. xxix.: SSS, r. Xxxix. 








Tpioms.—* 39, 7:—* 40, 4.—f 3%, 8.—8 38, 7.—h 74, 8—K 6, 3.— 
™ 6, 1—° 19 1—P 39, 8.—4 94/ 1, 2d, and 98, 2.—* 27, 2d, 6 


MYTHOLOGY. 107 


Hane ob causam Hippoménes mutitus est in lednem, 
Atalanta in leenam. “ 

22. Nisus, rex Mb iensintn/ sh capite crinem purpu- 
reum habuisse dicitur,* eique predictum » fuit, tam diu 
eum regnatirum,* quim diu4 eum crinem custodisset.¢ 
Hune Minos, rex Cretensium, bello fageressus est. Quis 
guum urbem Megiram oppugnaret, Scylla, Nisi filia, 
amdoref ejus correpta est, et, ut el victoriam pararet,h 
patri' dormienti fatélem crinem precidit. Ita Nisus a 
Min6é victus) et occisus est. Quum autem Minos in 
Cretam rediret,k Scylla eum rogavit, ut cam secum 
avehtret. Sed ille negavit Cretam tantum scelus esse 
recepturam.¢ Tum illa se in mare precipitat, navem- 
que persequitur. Nisus in aquilam marinam conversus 
est, Scylla in piscem, quem Cirim vocant. Hodiéque, 
siquando illa avis hunc piscem conspex€rit,! mittit se In 
aquam, raptumque unguibus dilaniat. 

23. Amphion, Jovis et Antidpes filius, qui Thebas 
muris cinxit, Nidben, Tantili filiam, im matrimonium 
duxit. Ex qua procreavit filios septem totidemque fil- 
ias. Quem partum Nidbe Latone libéris anteposuit, 
superbitsque™ locuta est in Apollimem et Dianam. Ob 
id Apollo filios ejus venantes sagittis interfécit, Diana 
autem filias. Nidbe libtris™ orbata in saxum mutata 
esse dicitur,? ejusque lacr¥me hodiéque manire nar- 
rantur.2 Amphion autem, quum templum Apollinis 
expuenare vellet,° ab Apolline sagittis est interfectus. 








GRaMMARS—* 676, 1155. —> 309.—e 656, 1291. —f 542, 1. 
xxxv.: 873, r. xlii—* 627, 1, 2d: 2207.—* 159, ii: LOS7.— 
1173, 1,2: 1179.—° 631, 1244. 


1, 2.—* 100, 2—* 124 19.—® 39, 1—' 5, 1—J115, 1. 
8, and 5, 1. 





Tproms.—> 5 
m 99, 2.—" 64, 


108 MYTHOLOGY. 


24, Phineus, Agenoris filius, ab Apolline futurarum 
rerum scientiam accepérat. Quum verd hominibus2 
dedrum consilia enuntiaret,» Jupiter eum excecavit, et 
immisit ei? Harpyias, que Jovis canes©® esse dicuntur, 
ut cibum ab ore* ei4 auferrent.e Ad quemf quum 
Argonauts venissent, ut eum iter ¢ rogarent, dixit se 
illisiter demonstratirum esse,! si eum poena J liberarent. 
Tum Zetes et Calais, Aquilonis filii,k qui pennas in cap- 
Ite et in pedibus habuisse dicuntur, Harpyias fugave- 
runt in instilas Strophidas, et Phineum poena libera- 
runt. 





* Ab ore ei, from lim, from his mouth, i. e. “ from his very mouth.” 

GRAMMARS.— 501, r. xxix.: S565, vr. xxxix.— 631, 1244.— 
e319, r. v.: G66, r. vi—®* 627, 1, 2d: 2207.—® 508, r. xxx.: 
G34, vr. xiii 656, 1297.—i 514, r. xxxi.: DLT, r. 1—* 254, 
626. 

Ipioms.—! 5, 1.—f 39, 9—! 100, 2. 


ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


~ 


1. THALES, interrogatus an facta homYnum deos? la- 
térent, respondit, ne* cogitata quidem. 

2. Solon, qui Atheniensibus leges scripsit, dicébat 
neminem, dum vivéret,¢ beatum habéri posse, quod 
omnes ad ultymum usque diem ancipiti fortine! ob- 
noxii essent.f 

3. Pythagdre philosdphi tanta fuit apud disciptilos 
suos auctoritas, ut, que ab eo audivissent,¢ ea in dubi- 
tatidnem adducére non audérent.s Rogati autem ut 
causam reddérenth edrum, que dixissent,4 respondé- 
bant, Zpsum dizxisse.i Ipse autem erat Pythagoras. 


4, Bias unus ex septem Sapientibus,i. quum patriam 
Priénen ab hostibus expugnatam et eversam fugéret,k 
interrogatus, cur nihil ex bonisj suis secum ferret,» 
Ego vero, respondit,! bona mecum porto omnia. 

5. Democritus, cui pater ingentes divitias reliquérat, 
omne feré patrimonium suum civibus donavit, ne do- 





GRAMMARS.—* 436, r. xx.: 716, r. viii—4 656, 7229 17.—® 382, r. 
xvi.: SOO, r. xl— 655, 1255.—® 627, 1, 1st: 1220.—i 360, 
oF oe 445, Pee ie 

Iproms.—® 74, 12.—* 121, 5.—5 78 5.—i 98, 1—i19, 1, and 4.— 
k 74, 3, 


110 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


mesticaérum rerum cura a philosophiz studio avocaré- 
bg 

6. Etiam Crates Thebanus bona sua inter Thebanos 
divisit, nihil sibi servans preter peram et bactlum. 
Heec enim Cynicorum instrumenta erant. A quo> con- 
silio quum amici et propinqui eum avocare studérent,© 
eos correpto bactilo4 fugavit, nihil pulchrius esse arbi- 
tratus, quam ab omnibus curis® vaeuum! uni philoso- 
phise opéram dare. 

7. Anaxagtras, quum a longinqua peregrinatidne 
scientia augende» causa suscepté in patriam rediisset, 
agrosque suos neglectos et desertos vidéret, Won essem,' 
inquit, salvus, nisi ista J perissent.’ 

8. Carneiides usque ad extrémam senectam nunquam 
cessavit a philosophize studio. Spe ci accidit,! ut, quum 
cibi® capiendi causa accubuisset, cogitationtbus ™ inhee- 
rens manum ad cibos appositos porrigére oblivisceretur.2 

9. Idem adverstis ZenoOnem Stoicum scriptirus caput 
hellebéro purgabat, ne corrupti humores sollertiam et 
actiimen mentis impedirent.@ 

20. Anaxagoras, philosdphus, morte? filii audita, vultu 
nihile immutato dixit.p Sciébam me mortdlem genuisse.4 

11. Archytas Tarentinus, quum ab itinére reversus 
agros suos villici socordia neglectos vidéret, Graviter te 
castigdrem,' inquit, nist irdtus essem.* 


12, Plato quoque, quum in servum vehementitsi ex- 





GRAMMARS.—* 627, 1, 2d: 2207.—* 631, 1244.—* 361, r. Xi. 
7G, yY.Xx.—8 720 and 722, 7.369 and 1.37 1.—i 118,3, 3d: LOZS. 
¥ 629, 1267.—™ 399, r.iv.: S26, vr. xxxii—" 627, 1, 4th: L222, 
— 539, 8S92.—P 445, r.: 727. 


~ 


Tp1oms.—> 38, 8.—* 74, 3.—4¢ 9, 1, and 104, 2—f Sup. se—® 112, 1. 
and 5.—! 78, 8.—! 51, 3 “happened.”—4 98, 1.—? 22, 1 


ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 1a 


arsisset, veritus ne* vindicte modum excedéret, Speu- 
sippo» adstanti mandavit, ut de illius pcena statuéret.¢ 

13. Idem discendi¢ cupiditate ductus, Meyptum 
peragravit, et a sacerdotibus illius regidnis geometriam 
et astronomiam didicit. Idem in Itaham trajécit, ut 
fbi Pythagdre philosophiam et instituta discéret.e 

14. Athenienses Socraitem damnavérunt, qudd novos 
deos introductre videbatur. Protagdram quoque phil- 
osdphum, qui ausus! fuérat scribére, se ignorare an dii 
essent,g Athenienses ex urbe pepulérunt. 

15. Xanthippe, Socrxtis uxor, mordsa admvdum fu. 
isse fertur. Quam ejus inddlem quum perspexisset 
Alcibiades, Socriitem interrogavit, quid esset,s quéd 
muliérem tam acerbam et jurgidsam non exigéret: do- 
mo.) Tum ille, Quoniam, inquit, dum illam domi j per- 
petior, insuesco, ut ceterdrum quoque foris petulantiam et 
mpurias facilius feram.° 

-16. Xenocrites philosdphus, quum maledicorum quo- 
rundam sermoni * interesset, neque quidquam ipse loque- 
rétur,! interrogatus, cur solus tacéret,g respondit: Qua 
dixisse™ me aliquando peenituit, tacuisse™ nunguam. 

17. Hegesias philosSphus in disputationybus suis" 
mala et cruciitus vite tam vividis coloribus repraesen- 
tabat, ut multi, qui eum audivérant, sponte se occidé- 
rent.e Quare a Ptolemzo rege ulterius his de rebus 
dissertre est prohibitus. 








GRAMMARS.—* 633, 7215.— 501, r. xxix.: 831.—« 627, 1, 3d.: 
1208.—4 02, 1327.—* 627, 1, 24: 1207.—f 213, 1: 312. 
—& 627,5: L182.—' 656, 17°297.—i 558, rv. xxxix.: O43. r. x, 
7" 393, r.i.: S2O, rv. xxix.—! 720, r. lxv.: L569, vr. cviii—™ 421, 
SOF .— 627, 1, lst: 7220. 














Ipioms.—* 121, 6.—£ 74, 11.—* 38, 6.—* 5, 4—™ 66, 10.—" 30, 1. 


112 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


18. Gorgize Leontino,? qui eloquentia> et eruditione 
omnes suse etatis homines superare existimabatur, 
universa Grecia in templo Apollinis Delphici statuam 
auream collocavit. 

19. Idem, quum annum centesimum septimum agé- 
ret, interrogatus, quapropter tam diu vellet¢* in vita 
remanére, respondit: Quia nihil habeo, quod4 senectiitem 
meam accusem.® 

20. Ulustrissimi seepe viri humili locof nati fuérunt.g 
Socrites, quem oractlum <Apollinis sapientissfmum 
omnium hominum judicavit,! obstetricis filius fuit. 
Euripides, poéta tragicus, matrem habuit,' que oléra 
venditibat,j et Demosthénis, oratoris eloquentissimi, 
patrem cultellos vendidisse* narrant. 

21. Homérus, princeps poétarum Greecorum, dolore , 
absumptus esse creditur, quod quzestidnem a piscator’- 
bus ipsi! propositam solvére non posset.™ 

22. Simonides, poéta prestantissimus, gloriatur in 
quodam poémite, se" octoginta annos® natum in certa- 
men musicum descendisse * et victoriam inde retulisse. 
Idem aliquandiu vixit apud Hipparchum, Pisistrati fil- 
jum, Athenarum tyrannum. Inde SyraciisasP se con- 
tilit ad HierOnem regem, cum quo familiariter vixisse 
dicitur. Primus4 carmina statiito pretio™ scripsit; 


* quare eum Musam venalem reddidisse dicunt. 


23. Quum Aischylus Atheniensis, qui parens s tragee- 
diz dicitur, in Sicilia versarétur,* ibique in loco aprice 


GRAMMARS.—* 501, r. xxix.: SOS, vr. xxxix.—? 535, r. xxxiv. 
SSI, rv. xlvii—* 492, 79G.—e 636, r. i: 1227.—f 462, r. xxiii. 
918, rv. lii— 356, r.x.: 771, rv. xix.—i 160, 1: ZOSS.—! 522, r 
—" 655, 1255.— 671, rv. lviii.: 2736, vr. xxix. 565, r. xii. 
949, rv. 1x.—? 553, r.: DBS, rv. lvii—4 274, 663,.— 581, r. xliv. 
SS4, r. xlv.—* 319, r. v.: 666, r. Vi. 











ay 


Tptoms,—> 74, 16.—F 6, 5.—£ 72.—i 73.— 97, L—! 32, 9.—t 74,3, 


ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 113 


sedéret, aquila testudinem elabro ejus capiti® immisit 
quod pro saxo habuit. Quo ictu ille extinctus est. 

24. Euripides, qui et ipse magnum inter poétas 
tragicos nomen habet, a coend domum rediens a cani- 
bus laceratus est. 

25. Athenienses quondam ab Euripide postulabant, 
ut ex tragoedia sententiam quandam tolléret.c Ile au- 
tem in scenam progressus dixit, se fabtilas componére 
solére,4 ut poptlum docéret,¢ non ut a populo discéret. 

26. Philippides, comeediarum scriptor, quum in poé- 
tarum certamine preter spem vicisset’ et illa victoria 
impensé gaudéret, eo ipso gaudio repenté exstinctus est. 

27. Pindirus, poéta Thebanus, Apollinig gratissimus 
fuisse dicitur. Quare szpe a sacerdotibus in templum 
Delphicum ad ccenam vocabatur, parsque ei» tribueba- 
tur dondrum, que sacrificantesi deo obtulérant. Fe- 
runt etiam PanaJ Pindiri hymnis* tantopére fuisse 
letatum, ut eos in montibus et silvis canéret.! Quum 
Alexander, rex Macedoniz, Thebas diripéret, unius 
Pindiri domo™ et familie pepercit.: 

28. Diogénes Cynicus Myndum profectus, quam vi- 
déret magnificas portas et urbem exiguam, Myndios 
monuit, ut portas claudérent,° ne urbs egrederétur.¢ 

29. Demosthénes Atheniensis incredibili studio et la- 
bore ed" pervénit, ut, quum? multi eum ingenio P parum 
valére existimarent, omnes etatis suze oratores superaret 
eloquentia.p Nunquam tamen ex tempore dicébat, neque 
in concidne volébat assurg%re, nisi rem, de qua agerétur,1 





GRAMMARS.— 501, r. xxix.: S55, r. xxxix.—* 627, 1,3d: 1208. 
—* 627, 6, or 1, 2d: 2207.—s 384, 2d: SG2.—» 529, r. iii. 
L075, rv. \xxiv.—j 90, 4: 127.—* 485.—! 627, 1, Ist: 1220.—- 
™ 403, r.: SSL.—° 631, 1244.—? 535, r. xxxiv.: 889, rv. xlvii— 
1656, 17291. 


Ip1oms.—> 38, 9—4 9¢ 2.—f 74, 8.—i 19, 1." 28, Obs, 





114 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


accurate antea meditatus esset.2 Unde plerique eum tim- 
idum esse existimabant. Sed in hac re Periclis consue- 
tudinem imitabatur, qui non facilé de quaque re dic@re, 
nec existimatidnem suam > fortunz committére solébat.. 

30. Periclesin concidnem itiirus, quum animo perpen- 
déret, quantum periculic inconsiderate dicta* hominibus 
afferrent,¢ solebat precari a diis,f ne quod ipsig verbum 
imprudenti excidéret, quod reipublice offictre posset.h 

31. Minos, Cretensium rex, seepe se in speluncam 
quandam conferébat, ibique se cum Jove colldqui' leges~ 
que ab eo accipére'! dicebat. Htiam Lycurgus Lacede- 
moniis J persuasit, sc leges suas» ab Apolline didicisse.k 

32. Quum Lycurgus, Lacedemoniédrum legislator, 
Delphis! in templum Apollinis intrasset,ut a deo orac- 
tum petéret, Pythia eum his verbis allocuta est: Ves- 
cio utriim deus an homo appellandus™ sis; sed deus po- 
tus vidéris® esse. 

53. Leonidas, rex Lacedemonidrum, quum Perse di- 
cerentur sagittarum multitudine solem obscuraturi, re- 
spondisse fertur: Melis idque in umbré pugnabimus. 

34. Cyrus omnium sudrum militum nomina memoria 
tenébat. Mithridates autem, rex Ponti, duarum et vi- 

ginti gentium, que sub regno ejus erant, linguas ita 
didicerat, ut cum omnibus, quibus® imperabat, sine 
interpréte loqui posset. 

35. Themistdcles interroganti P utrum Achilles esse 
mallet,e an Homérus,4 respondit: Zw verd mallesne te 
in. Olympico certamine victorem renuntidri* an preco 
esse, qui victorum nomina proclamat 2 


—— 


(TRAMMARS.—* 629, 1267.--° 343, r. viii: SOO, r. xl.—f 511, 
Y3'9.—= 401, S29.—» 656, 1294.—i 501, r.: S5S.—! 549, 933. 
— 403, r.: SST, r. xxxiii—P 269, G5S.—1 319, r. v.: G66, ¥. vis 
673, L156 3; 615, 11485. ; 

iwi0Ns.—> 80, 3.—4 19, 4.—e 74, 11.—i 96, 1.-—* 98, 2.—! 6, 2 
B 74, 9, and 108, 1— = 70, 3.—° 7, 2.—? 19. 











ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 115 


36. Epaminondas, Thebandrum imperator, in bello 
adversus Lacedemonios, animos sudrum religione exci- 
tandos® ratus, arma in templis affixa nocte» detraxit, 
persuasitque militibus, quum illa abesse* vidérent, deos 
iter suum sequi,¢ ut ipsis¢ proeliantibus adessent. 

37. Idem in pugna ad Mantinéam graviter vulnera- 
tus est. Quum animam recepisset, interrogavit cir- 
cumstantes amicos, an clypeus salvus esset;¢ deinde,” 
an hostes fusi essent.¢ Lh utrumque affirmaveérunt. 
Tum demum hastam e corpdre educif jussit. Quog 
facto statim exspiravit. 

38. Epaminondas tanta fuit abstinentiah et integri- 
tate, ut post plurima bella, quibus Thebandrum poten- 
tiam incredibiliter auxérat, nihil in supellectili habéret 
preter ahénum et veru. 

39. Lysander, dux Lacedemonidrum, militem quen- 
dam vid! egressum castigabat. Cui dicenti,ad nullius 
rei rapinam se ab agmine recessisse,J respondit: Wek 
speciem quidem raptiri! preebeas volo. 

40. Iphicrites, dux Atheniensium, quum preesidio ten- 
éret Corinthum, et sub adventum hostium ipse™ vigilias 
circumiret, vigilem, quem dormientem invenérat, hasta 
transfixit. Quod" factum quibusdam ei° ut sevum 
exprobrantibus, Qualem P invéni, inquit, talem reliqut. 

41. Quum quidam Thrasybilo, qui civitatem Athe- 
niensium a tyranndrum dominatidne liberavit, dixisset: 
Quantas 4 tibi gratias Athéne debent! ille respondit: Dit 











GRAMMARS.—* 214, 9: 329,—> 565, r. xl: D&O, rv. lx.—4 393, v2. 
S20, vr. sxix.—® 627, 5.—} 339, r. vile: TO7, r. KVE—' 613, r. Hi 
9938, rv. Ixx.— 627, 1, 3d: 1208.— 269, 658,.—? 501, r. xxix. 
S31, vr, Xxxiil. 


Iproms.—* 108, 4.—* 96, 2.—e 74, 12.—f 90, 4s 38. 5.—J 94, 1, 2d, 
and 98, 2.—* 121, 2—! 19.—m 32, 3—" 38. 44, 4, and 47.—4 48, 3. 
6 


® 


116 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


Jfaciant,* ut quantas> ipse® patric debeo gratias, tantas 
et videar4 retulisse. 

42. Philippus, rex Maceddénum, monentibuse eum 
quibusdam, ut Pythiam quendam cavéret,4 fortem mili- 
tem, sed ipsif alienatum, quod tres filias eegré aléret,s 
nec arege adjuvarétur, dixisse fertur: Quid?) st partem 

corporis habérem?! cegram, abscindérem j potitis, an curd- 

rem? Deinde Pythiam ad se vocaitum, accepta* diffi- 
cultate rei domestica, pecunia! instruxit. Quo facto 
nullum rex militem Pythia™ fidelidrem habuit. 

43. Mulier quedam ab eddem Philippo, quum a con- 
vivio temulentus recedéret, damnata, A Philippo, in- 
quit, temulento ad Philippum sobrium provéco. 

44, Philippus, rex Macedonie, predicare solébat, se 
oratoribus Atheniensium maximam gratiam habére.® 
Nam convictis suis, inquit, efficiunt, ut quotide melior 
evddam, dum eos dictis? factisque mendacti arguére 
conor. 

45. Hjusdem regis epistola fertur scripta ad Aristoté- 
lem philosdphum, qua filium sibia natum esse nuntia- 
vit. rat illa epistdla verbis concepta feré his: Filiwm 
mihi genitum esse scito. Quod" equidem diis habeo 
gratiam: non tam quod natus est, quam quod ets conti- 
git nasct temporibus vite tue. Spero enim fore, ut a te 
educatus et eruditus dignus evddat et nobis" et rebus, 
quas ipst relictirt sumus. 

—* 494, 79S8.—e 655, 1255.— 730, 1: 137 '7.—i 627, 2: 1267. 
—i626, 27174.—! 514, vr. xxxi.; GLI, r. 1—* 322, 67 7.—P 542, 


r. xxxv.: 873, vr. xlii—4 522, ‘rv. iii: LO7S5, rv. Ixxiv.—* 409, r. 
xviil.: S£O, r. xxxv.—t 678, 11 535.—" 462, r. xxiii: OL, r. liii. 

Ipioms.—* 77, 9.—> 44, 3, and 47.—* 32,1.—4 70.—f 64, 9.—i 78,4 
124, 13.—* 104, 3, and 2.—™ 6, 3—» 94,1, 2d, aud 96, L—" 38, 10.— 
© 6, 5. ; 





ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. Tit 


46. Alexander Mactdo, Philippi filius, quum- puer a 
preceptdre suo audivisset innumerabiles mundos esse.# 
Heu me misérum, inquit, qui ne,uno® quidem adhue 
potitus sum! 7 

47. Quum Alexander quondam Macedénum quorun- 
dam benevolentiam largitionibus sibi conciliare conatus 
esset, Philippus eum his verbis increpuit: Sperasne4 
eos tibie fidéles esse futiiros,£ quos pecund tibi conciliav- 
éris?e Scito amodrem non auro emi sed virtutibus. 

48. Alexandro! Macedoni, Asia debellata, Corinthii 
per-legatos gratulati sunt, regemque civitate » sua dona- 
véerunt. Quod) officii genus quum Alexander risisset, 
unus ex legatis, Nulli unquam, inquit, evitdtem dedi- 
mus alii quam tibet’ et Hercili. Quoi audito, Alexan- 
der hondrem sibi delatum lubentissimé accépit. 

49. Quum Alexander Greciz popiilis! imperasset, ut 
divinos ipsi hondres decernérent,™ Lacedzmonii his ver- 
bis utebantur: Quoniam Alexander deus esse voluit, esto 
deus; Laconica brevitate regis notantes vecordiam. 

50. Lysimichus, rex Thracie, Theoddrum Cyrene- 
um, virum libertatis® amantissimum et regiz domina- 
tidnie infestum, cruci affigie jussit. Cui ille, Hujus 
modi minis, inquit, purpurdtos tuos terreas.e Mean 
quidem nihilt intérest, huminesan sublime putrescam. 

51. Mausdlus, rex Carie, Artemisiam habuit conji- 
gem. Hec, Mausdlo defuncto, ossa cineremque mariti 
contiisa et odoribus mixta cum aqua potabat. Extruxit 





~ Grammars 451, 97 7.—© 484, r. xxvi.r SSO, Fr. xliv.—° 382, 
r.xvi.: S6O.—*® 656, 729 71.— 514, 855 ¢ and516, SS9.— 1501, r. 
xxix.: S55, r. xxxix.— 720, r. Ixv.: 1369, r. eviii—! 403, r— 
= 627, 1,3d: 1208.—*" 349, vr. ix.: 765, r. xviii.—P iTl, 1: 
1195.—1 415, SO9.— 500, S12.—* 559, D4. 


Inioms.—* 96, 9.—* 7, 5.— 58, 1, and 56, 3—f 99, 1—i 38, 7, and 
B8, 5.— 7, 2.—° 90, 4. 





118 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


quoque, ad conservandam* ejus memoriam, sepulcrum 
illud nobilissimum, ab ejus nomine appellatum, quod 
inter septem orbis terrarum miractila numeratur. 
Quod» quum Mausoli manYbus° dicaret, certamen 
instituit, praemiis amplissimis ei propositis, qui defunc- 
tum regem optimé laudasset.4 

52. Dionysius, qui a patre Syracusarum et pene 
totius Sicilize tyrannidem accepérat, senex patria¢ pul- 
sus Corinthif puéros littéras docuit.s 

58. Mithridates, rex Ponti, seepe venenum hausérat, 
ut sibi a clandestinis cavéret insidus. Hine factum est 
ut, quum a Pompeio superatus mortem sibi consciscére 
vellet, ne velociss¥ma quidem venéna ei nocerent.? 

54. Quum Gyges, rex Lydiz ditissfmus, oractlum 
Apollinis interrogaret, an quisquam mortalium'’ se J 
essetk felicior, deus, Aglaiim quendam Psophidium 
felicidrem, preedicavit. Is autem erat Arcidum! pau- 
perrimus, parvili agelli possessor, cujus terminos quam- 
vis senex nunquam excessérat, fructibus! et voluptati- 
bus angusti ruris contentus. 

55. Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, quum in Italia esset, audivit, 
Tarentinos quosdam juvénes in convivio parum honori- 
ficé de se loctitos esse. Eos igitur ad se arcessitos 
percunctatus est, an dixissent* ea, quae ad aures suas 
pervenissent.» Tum unus ex his, Nist, inquit, vinum 
nobis defecisset,P multod etiam plura* et graviora in te 
locutirt erdmus.s Hee criminis excusatio iram regis 
in risum convertit. 





Graumars.—® 501, r. xxix.: S55, r. xxxix.—! 643, 2d: 1218. 
—e 524, r.v.: LOS, rv. Ixxiv.— 548, r.—® 508, r. xxx: Ged, ry. 
xiii—* 627, 1, 4th: 7222.—' 355, rx: 77H, vr. xix.—* 627, 5° 
1182.— 462, r. xxiii.: GID, vr liii—" 656, 129 1.—° 396, 907. 
P 629, 1267.—4 579, r. xliii.: 929, vr. lv.—* 214, 8: BLS. 





Intoms.—* 112, 7.—» 38, 4. 4, L—i 6, 3.—™ 98, 2.— 19, 4. 


ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 119 


56. Marsyas, frater Antigini, regis Macedonia, quum 
causam habéret cum privato at sem fratrem rogavit, 
ut de ea domi cognosctret. At ille, dn foro potiis,* 
inquit. Nam si culpd» vacas, innocentia tua rbi meliis 
apparébit; sin damnandus es, nostra justitia.* 

57. Clara sunt apud Catanenses nomina fratrum 
Anapi¢ et Amphindmi,° qui patrem et matrem huméris 
per medios4 ignes Aitne portarunt, eosque cum vite 
sux! pericilo e flammis eripuérunt. 

58. Spartanus quidam quum riderétur, quod clau- 
dus in pugnam iret,f At mhi,g inquit, pugnare,> non 
fugére est propositum.' 

59. Spartanus quidam in magistrattis petitidne ab 
zemilis victus, maximez sibi letitiz esse,j dixit, quod 
patria sua se* melidres cives habéret.f 

60. Quum homo quidam, qui diu in uno pede stare 
didicérat, Lacedeemonio! cuidam dixisset, se non arbi- 
trari Lacedaemoniodrum 4 quemquam tamdiu idem facére 
posse, ille respondit: At auséres* tek drutiis. 

61. Diagdras Rhodius, quum tres ejus filii in ludis 
Olympicis victores renuntiati essent, tanto affectus est 
eaudio,” ut in ipso stadio, inspectante poptlo, in filio- 
rum manibus animam reddéret.2 

62. Scipio Africanus nunquam ad negotia publica 
accedébat, antequam in templo Jovis precatus esset.° 

63. Scipio dicére solébat, hosti non solim dandam P 





* Supply the proper verb. 
GRAMMARS.—* 627, 1, 3d: ea —> 480, r. xxv.: il 7 acl, 
—* 251, r.: and 257, 622.— , 1291.—* 522, r. iii.: LO7S, r. 
Ixxiv.— 660, Pew \ a ae li bes cag ADT srs S48.— Kk 467, r 
895.— 501, r.: SHS.—™ 542, r.xxxv.: 87 3, r. xlii—®" 627, 1, 1st.: 
1220.— 627,4: 12741,.—9 355, r.x.: 7H, rv. xix. 


Ip1ioms.—4 17, 1.—* 30, 2.—' 51 1.—i 8, 1.—* 6, 3 —! 63.—P 108, 4 





120 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


esse viam fugiendi, sed etiam muniendam. Similiter 
Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, fugienti hosti? pertinaciter instan- 
dum esse negabat; non solum, ne fortitis ex necessi- 
tate resistéret,¢ sed ut postea quoque facilits acie4 
cedéret, ratus victores fugientibus non usque ad perni- 
ciem instatiiros esse. 

64. Metellus Pius, in Hispania bellum gerens inter- 
rogatus, quid postéro die facturus esset?e¢ Tunicam 
meam, inquit, sz zd eldqua posset,f comburérem.& 

65. L. Mummius, qui, Corintho capta, totam Italiam 
tabiilis» statuisque exornavit, ex tantis manubiis nihil 
in suum usum convertit, ita ut, eo defuncto, non esset: 
unde ejus filia dotem accipéret.i Quare senatus ei ex 
publico dotem decrévit. 

66. Scipio Africanus major Ennii poéte imaginem 
in sepulcro gentis Corneliz collocari jussit, quod Scip- 
idnum res gestas carminibus? suis illustravérat. 

67. M. Cato, Catonis Censorii filius, in acie cadente 
equo prolapsus, quum se recollegisset,‘ animadvertis- 
setque gladium excidisse! vagina, rediit in hostem: 
acceptisque aliquot vulneribus,» recuperato® demum 
gladio ad suos reversus est. 

68. Q. Metellus Macedonicus in Hispania quinque 
cohortes, que hostibus® cessérant, testamentum factre 
jussas ad locum P recuperandum misit; minatus4 eos 
nonnisi post victoriam receptum irl.t 


~~ 





GRAMMARS,—* 399, r. iv.: S26, r. xxxii.—° 627, 6: 1205.— 
4611, 992.—e 627, 5: 1182.— 627, 2: 1265.—£ 142, 2a— 
bh 542, r.xxxv.: 8738, r. xlii— 627, 1, lst: 2220.—i656, 7291. 
— 631, 1244.—" 613, r. li: 99S, yr. Ixx.—° 405, 5th: SBS, 5th, 


Tproms.—> 113, 8.—& 78, 8.—* 74, 8—! 98, 3.—" 104, L—P 112, 7. 
—1 106, 1— 94, 1, 2d, and 100, 8 ° 








ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. A121 


69. Publius Decius consul, quum in bello contra 
Latinos Romandrum aciem cedentem vidéret, capite 
pro reipublice saliite devdto,¢ in medium hostium 
agmen irruit, et magna strage edita? plurimis telis 
obrutus cecidit. Hee ejus mors Romanorum aciem 
restituit, lisque victoriam paravit. 

70. L. Junius Brutus, gui Romam a regibus libera- 
vit, filios suos, qui Tarquinium regem expulsum restit- 
uére conati erant, ipse» capitis®¢ damna@vit, eosque vir- 
gis cesos securi4 perctiti® jussit. 

T1. Q. Marcius Rex consul, quum filium unYcum, 
juvénem summe pietatisf et magne spei, morteg ami- 
sisset, dolorem suum ita coércuit, ut a rogo adolescentis 
proténus curiam petéret,) ibique munéris sui negotia 
strenué obiret. 

72. In bello Romansbrum cum Perseo, ultimo Mace- 
doniz rege, accidit,' ut seréna nocte i subytd luna defi- 
ceret. Hee res ingentem apud milites terrdrem exci- 
tavit, qui existimabant hoe omines futiram cladem 
portendi.k Tum vero Sulpicius Gallus, qui erat in eo 
exercitu, in concidne milftum causam hujus rei tam 
diserté exposuit, ut postéro dieJ omnes intrepido anf- 
mos pugnam committérent.2 

73. L. Siccius Dentatus ob insignem fortitudinem 
appellatus est Achilles Romanus. Pugnasse! is dicitur 
centum et viginti preeliis ;~ cicatricem aversam nullam, 
adversas quinque et quadraginta tulisse ; cordnis® esse 








GRAMMARS.—* 489, r. xxvii. : 793, r. xxiv.—4 90, 6, Note 3: 109. 
339, 1. Vil: Geode. T- XVL—© 542, r. xxxy.: SS, F. xlii.—* 627, 1, 
Ist : 2220.—i 565, rv. xl.: 949, vr. lx —! 676, 2755.—" 611, (in): 
992.— 505, S59 5 and 519, r. xxxii.: LOTS, rv. xxiv. 


Tprons.— 104, 1.—> 32, 4.—e 90, 4, or 94, 3.—i 51, 3—i6, 7.- 
«96, 5. 


122 ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


donatus aureis duodeviginti, obsidionali una, muralybus 
tribus, civicis quatuordécim, torquibus tribus et octogin- 
ta, armillis plus centum sexaginta, hastis duodeviginti. 
Phaléris idem donitus est quinquies viciesque. Trium- 
phavit cum imperatoribus suis triumphos® novem. 

74. Hannibalem in Italiam proficiscentem tria mil- 
lia» Carpetanorum reliquérunt. Quorum© exemplum 
ne cetéri quoque barbiiri sequerentur,4 edixit eos a se 
esse dimissos,¢ et instyper in fidem ejus rei alios etiam, 
quorum fides ipsif suspecta erat, domum ¢ remisit. 

75. Hannibal quum elephantos compellére non pos- 
set,h ut prealtum flumen transirent,! neque rates habé- 
ret, quibus eos trajicéret,! jussit ferocissimum elephan- 
torum sub aure vulnerari, et eum, qui vulnerasset,J se 
in flumen conjicére illudque tranare. ‘Tum elephantus 
exasperatus ad persequendum doldris sui auctorem tra- 
navit amnem,* et reliqui quoque eum secuti sunt. - 





GRAMMARS.—* 438, r. ii: 773, r. ix.—> 104,5: 204,—4 627, 1, 
2d: 1207.—* 528, vr. xxxili.: S#4, r. xxxvi—® 558, r, XXXix.: 
943, r. lix— 631, 1244, r. xciv— 656, 1291, r. ci—i 650, 
r.vi.: 2291, r. ci— 613, r. li: 993. 


Tp10oMs.—¢ 38.—* 98, 6.—f 5, 2. 


AN EPITOME OF ROMAN HISTORY, 


FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE EMPERORS. 


LIBER PRIMUS. 


1. ANTIQUISSIMIS temporibus Saturnus in Italiam ve- 
nisse dicitur. Ibi haud procul a Janictlo arcem con- 
didit, eamque|Saturniam® appellavit. Hic Itilos pri- 
mus» agriculttiram docuit.¢ 

2. Postea Latinus in illis regionYbus imperavit. Sub 
hoc rege Troja in Asia eversa est. Hine Atnéas, An- 
chise filius, cum multis Trojanis, quibus¢ ferrum Gre- 
corum peperctrat, aufigit, et in Italiam pervénit. Ibi 
Latinus rex ei benigné recepto® filiam Layviniam in 
matrimonium dedit. Aunéas urbem condidit, quam in 
hondrem conjigis Lavyinium appellavit. 

3. Post Aunéz mortem Ascanius, née filius, reg- 
num accépit. Hic sedem regni in alium locum trans- 
tilit, urbemque condidit in monte Albano, eamque 
Albam? Longam nuncupavit. Hum secitus est: Sil- 
vius, qui post Ainés mortem a Lavinia genitus erat. 


GRAMMARS.—* 440, 7 15.—> 274, G63.—* 508, T. xxx.3 dd, 1 
xiii—4 403, r.v.: SST, r. xxxiii. 


Intoms.—4 7, 2.—* 104, 3, 


124 ROMAN HISTORY. 


Hjus postéri omnes usque ad Romam conditam® Albee » 
regnaverunt. 

4. Unus horum regum, Romilus Silvius, se Jove¢ 
majorem esse dicébat,4 et, quum tonaret, militibus im- 
peravit, ut clypeos hastis percutérent,¢ dicebatque hune 
sonum multd claridrem esse quam tonitru. Fulmine 
ictus,f et in Albanum lacum precipitatus est. 

5. Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios reliquit 
Numitorem g et Amulium. Horum minor? natu,i Amu- 
lius, fratri optionem dedit, utrtim regnum habere vel- 
let,i an bona, que pater reliquisset.k Numitor paterna 
bona pretilit; Amulius regnum obtinuit. 

6. Amulius, ut regnum firmissimé possidéret,! Nu- 
‘maitoris filium per insidias interémit, et filiam fratris 
Rheam Silviam Vestalem virginem™ fecit. ;Nam_ his 
Veste sacerdotibus non licet viro® nubére.’ Sed hee 
a Marte geminos filids, Romtlum et Remum pepirit. 
Hoe quum Amulius comperisset,e matrem in vincula 
conjécit, puéros autem in Tibérim abjici jussit. 

7. Forté Tibtris aqua ultra ripam se effudérat, et, 
quum puéri in vado essent positi,® aqua refluens eos in 
sicco reliquit. Ad edrum vagitum lupa accurrit, eos- 
que uberibus suis aluit. Quod videns Faustilus qui- 
dam, pastor illius regidnis, puéros sustiilit, et uxori 
Acce Laurentie nutriendos 4 dedit. . 

8. Sic Romitilus et Remus’ pueritiam inter pastores 
transegérunt. Quum adolevissent, et forté comperissent, 

Grammars. 684, 1357.—! 160, 1: LOSS,—* 627, 1, 3d° 
1208.—® 257, G29.—» 358, 773.—i 535, r. xxxiv.: SSO, +. 
xlvii—i 627, 5: 2182, vr. Ixxxvii—* 656, 1297, r. c&.—! 627, 1, 
24: 1207.—" 440, 715.—® 403, vr. v.: SSS, 5th. —° 631, 
124A, rv. xciv.—? 285, 6S4. 


Ipioms.—? 4, 1.—* 6, 3.—f 115, 1—° 74, 8—P 38.—? 107, 2 








LIBER I. 123 


yuis Ipsorum avus, que mater fuisset,? Amulium inter- 
fecérunt, et Numitori avo regnum restitué- chek 
runt. Tum urbem condidérunt in monte 754 ’ 
Aventino, quam Romulus a suo nomine Romam » voca- 
vit. Hee quum meenibus circumdarétur, Remus occi- 
sus est, dum fratrem irridens meenia® transiliébat. 

9. Romiilus, ut civium numérum augeéret, asylum 
pateféeit, ad quod multi ex civitatibus suis pulsi accur- 
rerunt. Sed nove urbis civibus4 conjtiges deérant. 
Festum itiique Nepttini et ludos instituit. Ad hos 
quum multi ex finitimis poptlis cum mulieribus et 
libris venissent,? Romani inter ipsos ludos spectantes 
virgines rapuérunt. 

10. Populi illi, quorum vireines rapte erant, bellum 
adversus raptores suscepérunt. ~Quum Rome appro- 
pinquarent,! forté in 'Tarpéiam virginem incidérunt, 
que in arce sacra procurabat. Hane rogabant, ut viam 
in arcem monstraret,s elque permisérunt, ut munus sibi 

cér Illa petit, ut sibi darent, quod -in sinistris 
wr di’ ger ‘Srent,» anniilos aureos et armillas signif T- 
cans. At hostesin arcem ab ea perducti scutis Tarpéiam 
obruerunt; nam et ea in sinistris manibus. gerébant. 

11. Tum Romiilus cum hoste, qui montem Tarpéium 
tenébat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc forum 
Romanum est. In media! cede raptei processérunt, 
et hine patres hine conjiiges et socéros complecteban- 
tur, et rogabant, ut cedis finem factrent.s Utrique 
his precibus commiti sunt. Romiilus feedus icit, et 
Sabinos in urbem recépit. 


Grammars. 440, 715.— 613, vr. li: 993, rv. Ixx.— 396, 
820.— 399, r. iv.: 826, r. xxxii.—f 631, 993, r. Ixx.—8 627, 1, 
3d: 1208.— 656, 1291,7. 0. 


Iptoms.—* 74, 8, and 627 5.—4 118, 8—f 74, 3—i 17, 1—J Sup. 
muudicres. 


¥ 
in 


126 ROMAN HISTORY. 


12. Postea civitatem descripsit. Centiwa senatores 
legit, eosque ciim* ob etitem, tum ob reverertiam iis} 
debitam patres appellavit. Plebem in triginta curias dis- 

A,u.c, tribuit, easque raptarum ° nominibus nuncus 
37.  pavit. Anno regni tricessimo septimo, quum 
exercitum lustraret, inter tempestatem ortam4 repenté 
octilis¢ hominum subductus est. Hine alii eum a sen- 
atoribus interfectum,f alii ad deos sublatum essef ex- 
istimaverunt. 

13. Post Rom@li mortem unius anni interregnum fuit. 
Quo g elapso, Numa Pompilius Curibus, urbe in agro Sa- 
bindrum natus, rex creatus est. Hic vir bellum quidem 
nullum gessit; nec minus tamen civitati profuit. Nam et 
leges dedit, et sacra plurima instituit, ut poptli barbiri 
et bellicdsi mores molliret.i Omnia autem, que faciébat,j 
se nymphe Egeriz, conjiigis suze, jussu facére * dicébat.i 
Morbo decessit, quadragesimo tertio imperii anno. 

av. 14. Nume! successit Tullus Hostilius, cujus 

81. ayus se in bello adverstis Sabinos fortem et 
strenuum virum™ prestitérat. Rex creatus bellum 
Albanis indixit, idque trigeminorum Horatidrum .et 
Curiatidrum certamine finivit. Albam propter perfid- 
jam Metii Suffetii diruit. Quum triginta dudbus an- 
nis® regnasset, fulmine ictus cum domo sua arsit. 

NG 15. Post hune, Ancus Marcius, Nume ex 

ge filia nepos, suscépit imperium. Hye vir equi- 
tate et religidne avo P similis, Latinos bello domuit, ur- 





GRAMMARS.—” 522, 1075.—° 269, 658.—4 688, 1350, %. ev.— 
© 522.— 549, 9.33,.—i 627, 1, 24: 1207.—i 160, 1: 1088.— 
399, r.iv.: S26, r. xxxii.—™ 440, 775.—" 565, r. xli.: 940, r. 1xi. 
and 566, 951.—° 635, r. xxxiv.: SSY, r. xlvii—P 382, SGO, r. xl. 


Tproms.—* 124, 8.— 64, 6—° 5, 1—f 97, 5,—6 38, 5,» 6, 2— 
k 96, 1,—P 7, 6. 








LIBER I. 127 


bem ampliavit, et nova ei* mcenia circumdédit. Carcé- 
"rem primus edificavit. Ad Wibéris ostia urbem condi- 
dit, Ostiamque vocavit. Vicesimo quarto anno imperii 
morbo obiit. P 

16. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Pris- 4 
cus accépit, Demarati filius, qui tyrannos pa- 187. 
trie Corinthi fugiens in Etruriam venérat. Ipse> Tar- 
quinius, qui nomen ab urbe Tarquiniis accépit, ali- 
quando Romam® profectus erat. Advenienti4 aquila 
pileum abstiilit, et, postquam alté evolavérat, reposuit. 
Hinc Taniquil conjux, mulier auguridrum ® perita, reg- 
num ei portendi intellexit. 

17. Quum Rome commorarétur, Anci regis famil- 
iaritatem conseciitus est, qui eum filidrum sudrum tuté- 
remf reliquit. Sed is pupillisd regnum intereépit. 
Senatoribus, quos Romulus creavérat, centum alios 
addidit, qui mindrum gentiumg sunt appellati. Plura 
bella feliciter gessit, nec paucos agros hostibus » ademp- 
tos urbis territorio adjunxit. Primus triumphans ur- 
bem intravit. Cloacas fecit; Capitolium inchoavit. 
Tricesimo octavo imperii anno per Anci filios, quibus 4 
regnum eripuérat, occisus est. 

18. Post hune Servius Tullius suscépit impe- 4 yy. 
rium, genitus ex nobyli femina, captiva tamen = !76- 
et famila. Quum in domo Tarquinii Prisci educaré- 
tur,' flamma in ejus capite visa est. Hoe prodigio Ta- 
naquilei summam dignitatem portendiJj intellexit, et 
conjigi* persuasit, ut eum siciiti libéros suos educiret.! 
Quum adolevisset, rex ei filiam in matrimonium dedit. 





GRAMMARS.—* 501, r. xxix.: SOS, r. xxxix.; and 505, S59.— 
* 553, r.: 93S, rv. lvii.—4 501, r.: S55, vr. xxxix.— 349, r.ix.: JOS, 
r xvtii—f 440, 7L5.—* 332, 751. Sup. Senaiores.—* 522, 1, iii.: 
1075, rv. \xxiv.—' 631, 1244, r, xciv.; and 159, ZO87.— 403, r. 
ve: SSJ, r. xxxiii—! 627, 1, 3d: 1208. 


j Tp10m a 82, aaa db, Ie (Sup. eu. )—1 96, 6 
} 


128 ROMAN HISTORY. 


19, Quum Priscus Tarquinius occisus esset, Tan%quil 
de superiore parte domis poptilum * allociita est, dicens, 
regem grave quidem sed non letdle vulnus accepisse ;» 
eum petére,¢ ut popilus, dum convaluisset,s Servio Tullio 
obediret. Sic Servius regnare coepit, sed bené imperium 
administravit. Montes tres urbi adjunxit. Primus om- 
nium censum ordinavit. Sub eo Roma habuit capitum 
octoginta tria millia civium Romandrum, cum his qui 
in agris erant. 

cong 20. Hic rex interfectus est scelére file Tul- 

220. jie et Tarquinii Superbi, filii ejus regis, cuie 
Servius successtrat... Nam ab ipso Tarquinio de gradi- 
bus curiz dejectus, quum domum! fugéret, interfectus 
est. Tullia in forum properavit, et prima conjigem re-~ 
gem salutavit. Quum domum rediret, aurigam super 
patris corpus in vid jacens carpentum agére jussit. 

21. Tarquinius Superbus cogndmen moribus merutit. 
Bello tamen strenuus plures finitimérum populorum 4 
vicit. Templum Jovis in Capitolio eedificavit. Postea,. 
dum Ardeam* oppugnabat, urbem Latii, imperium per- 
didit. Nam quum filiusejus Lucretize,! nobilissime fem- 
Ine, conjigi Tarquinii Collatini, vim fecisset, hae se 
ipsam J occidit in conspectu mariti, patris, et amicorum, 
postquam eos obtestata fuérat, ut hane injuriam ulcis- 


cerentur.k i 
Pe 92. Hane ob causam L. Brutus, Collatinus, 


243. alijque nonnulli in exitium! regis conjurarunt 
populdque' persuasérunt, ut ei portas urbis claudéret.' 
Exercitus quoque, qui civitatem Ardeam cum rege 
oppugnabat, eum reliquit. Fugit itaque cum uxore 


GRAMMARS.— 613, r. li: 993, vr. 1xx.—*® 399, r. iv.: S26, r 
xxxiif 558, r. xxxix.: 943, r. lix.—# 440, 775,.—® 355, r. x. 
791, r. xix—i 501, r. xxix.: 855, r. xxxix.— 621, 1, 3d: 1208, 
—! 607, r.: 987, r. lxviii. iat 


Tproms.—> 94, 1, 2d, and 98, 2.—* 96, 2.—4 80, 3, and 62%, 4—-J, 
w=! 123, 1, f 











LIBER I. 129 


et libris suis. Ita Rome* regnatum >» est per septem 
reges annos® ducentos quadraginta tres. 

23. Hine consiiles coepére pro uno rege duo creari, ut, 
si unus malus esset,4 alter eum coéreéret.¢ Annuum iis 
imperium tribitum est, ne per diuturnitatem potestatis 
insolentiores redderentur.e Fuérunt igitur anno primo, 
expulsis regrbus,f constiles L. Junius Brutus, acerrimus 
libertatis vindex, et Tarquinius Collatinus, maritus Lu- 
cretia. Sed Collatinog pauld post dignitas sublata est. 
Placuérat enim, ne quis ex Tarquinidrum familia Rome 
manéret.e Ergo cum omni patrimonio suo ex urbe migra- 
-vit,et in ejus locum Valerius Publicdla consul factus est. 

24. Commovit bellum urbi rex Tarquinius. In prima 
pugné Brutus consul, et Aruns » Lara filius, sese in- 
vicem" occidérunt. Romani tamen ex ea pugna, victé- 
res recéssérunt. Brutum Romane matrone quasi com- 
munem patrem per annum luxérunt. Valerius Pub- 
licdla Sp. Lucretium, Lucretiz patrem, collégam sibi 
fecit; qui quum morbo exstinctus esset,' Horatium 
Pulvillum sibi collégami sumpsit. Ita primus anus 
- quinque consiwles habuit. 

25. Secundo quoque anno itérum Tarquinius 4 yy. 
bellum Romanis intuilit, Porséna,f rege Etrus- 45. 
eorum, auxilium ei ferente. In illo bello Horatius 
Cocles solus pontem ligneum defendit, et hostes eohib- 
uit, donee pons a tergo ruptus esset.k Tum se cum 
armis in Tibérim conjécit, et ad suos transnavit. | 

26. Dum Porstna urbem obsidébat, Qu. Mucius Scax 
Vola, juvénis fortis animi,! in castra hostis se contilit eo 








GRAMMARS.—> 225, 3: 45.3.—* 565, vr. xli.: VSO, vr. 1xi.—4* 627, 2: 
saege r. xevii—* 627, 1, 2d: 1207.—® 522, r. iii: LO75, r 
-Ixxivy.— 118, 5: JO19.—' 631, 1244, vr. xciv—i 440, 715.— 
E 627, 4: 1238, r. xcii—' 339, r. vil.: 757, vr. xvi 


‘Ipioms.—* 4, 1.— 9, 1—s Derk 


130 ROMAN HISTORY. 


consilio, ut regem occidéret. At ibi scribam regis pro 
ipso rege interfecit. Tum a regiis® satellitibus compre- 
hensus et ad regem deductus, quum Porséna eum igni- 
bus allatis terréret,> dextram are* accense imposuit, 
donec flammis consumpta esset.4 Hoe facinus rex mi- 
ratus® juvénem dimisit incolumem. Tum hie quasi 
beneficium reférens ait,f trecentos alios juvénes in eum 
conjurasse. Hac re territus Porstna pacem cum Ro- 
manis fecit, Tarquinius autem Tusctlum se contilit, 
ibique privatus cum uxore consenuit. 
Au 27. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos,h 
259. poptilus Rome seditidnem fecit, questus quod 
tributis et militia a senatu exhaurirétur.!. Magna pars 
plebis urbem reliquit, et in montem trans Aniénem 
amnem secessit. ‘Tum patres turbati Menenium Agrip- 
pam misérunt ad plebem, quiJ eam senatui conciliaret. 
Hie iis inter alia fabtlam narravit de ventre et membris 
humani corporis ; quapoptlus commotus est, ut in urbem 
rediret. ‘Tum primi tribuni plebis creati sunt, qui J 
plebem adverstim nobilitatis superbiam defendérent. 
Av. 28. Octavo decimo anno post exactos reges,h 
761. Qu. Marcius, Coriolanus* dictus ab urbe Vol- 
scorum Coridlis,! quam™ bello cepérat, plebi= invisus 
fitri coepit.. Quare urbe expulsus ad Volscos, acerri- 
mos Romanoérum hostes, contendit, et ab lis dux* exer- 
cittis factus Romanos sxepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintam 
milliarium urbis accesstrat, nullis civium sudrum le- 





GramMars.— 337, 756.— 160, 2: 1083; and 141, 1273.— 
© 501, r. xxix. 627, 4: 1238, r. xcii—* 688, 1350, r. ev.— 
/157,3: 1082.— 684, 135 7.—' 655, 7255.—i 648, 4th: 7272. 
F319, r. v.: 666, r. vi.; and 440, 715. —! 251, r. i: 622— 
m28e, 694.— 382, r. xvi.: S6O, vr. xl.—® 613, 7. li: DOS, vr Ixx 


piesa 
ye 
Rte at 


Intous.—e 106 1.—# 98, 2, and 94, 1, 24—i 40, 4, 


eye. 


Mees 
Bi ie 
ban 


a > 4% 
VA 


5 


LIBER I. 131 


gationibus flecti potérat, ut patria)parctret.2 Deniqne 
Veturia mater et Volumnia uxor’ex urbe ad eum vené- 
runt; quarum fletu et precibus commotus est, ut exer- 
citum removeret.2 Quo? facto a Volscis ut proditor« 
occisus esse dicitur. 

‘29. Romani quum adverstm Veientes bellum geré- 
rent familia Habidrum sola hoc bellum suscépit. Pro- 
fecti sunt trecenti sex nobilissimi homines,duce! 4 yy. 
Fabio constile. Quum sepe hostes Vicissent,apud 274: 
Creméram fluvium castra posuérunt. Ibi Veientes doloe 
usi cos in insidias pellexérunt. In prcelio ibi exortof 
omnes periérunt. Unus superfuit ex tanta familia, qui 
propter zetatem puerilem duci non potuérat ad pugnam. 
Hic genus propagavit ad Qu. Fabium Maximum illum,s 
qui Hannibilem prudenti cunctatione debilitavit. 

30. Anno trecentesimo et altéro» ab urbe 4 yy. 
condita' decemviri creati sunt, quiJ civitati 302. 
leges scribérent. Hi primo anno bené egérunt; secundo 
autem dominationem exercére ccepérunt. Sed quum 
unus edrum * Appius Claudius virginem ingenuam, Vir- 
giniam, Virginii centuridnis filiam, corrumpére vellet, 
pater eam occidit. Tum ad milites profigit, eosque ad 
seditidnem commovit. Sublata est decemviris! potestas, 
ipsique omnes aut™ morte aut exilio puniti sunt. 

31. In bello contra Veientanos Furius Ca- NOE. 
millus urbem Falerios obsidébat. In qua ob- 358. 
sididne quum ludi literarii magister principum filios ex 
urbe in castra hostium duxisset,e Camillus hoe donum 
; GRAMMARS.—* 627, 1, 2d: Z207.—* 722, 137 1.—e 484, r. xvi: 
8SO, r. xliv— 688, 7350, r. cv.— 106, 7: 2OS8.—i 684, 1357. 
~-i 643, 4th: 7272.—* 355, r.x.: 77H, rv. xix.—! 522, r.: 1075, 
r. Ixxiv.—° 631, 1244, r. xciv. ' 

_Iptoms.—® 38, 5.—4 110, 1.—* 7, 4—£ 27, Ist—! 5, 1—™ 124, 3.— 


* 38, 8, 








132 ROMAN HISTORY. 


non accépit, sed scelestum hominem, manibus post ter- 
eum vinctis, puéris Falerios? reducendum? tradidit ; 
virgasque iis dedit, quibus proditorem in urbem agé- 
renix* 

32. Hac tanta animi nobilitate commodti Falisci ur- 
bem Romanis tradidérunt. Camillo¢d autem apud Ro- 
manos crimini datum 4 est, quod albis equis triumphas- 

A.v. set, et predam iniqué divisisset; damnatus- 

864. que! ob eam causam, et civitate expulsus est. 
Pauld post Galli Sendnes ad urbem venérunt, Romanos 
apud flumen Alliam vicérunt, et urbem etiam occupa- 
runt.g Jam nihil preter Capitolium defendi® potuit. Et 
jam presidium fame laborabat, et in eo! erant,) ut pacem 
a Gallis auro emérent,k quum Camillus cum manu mil- 
itum superveniens hostes magno preelio superaret. 


. 


LIBER SECUNDUS. 

a ag: 1. Anno trecentesimo nonagesimo quarto 

894, post urbem conditam Galli itérum ad urbem 
accesstrant, et quarto milliario! trans Aniénem fluvium 
consedtrant. Contra eos missus est T. Quinctius. Ibi 
Gallus quidam eximia corporis magnitudine™ fortissi- 
mum Romanérum ad certaémen singulare provocavit. 
T. Manlius, nobilissimus juvénis, provocatidnem accé- 
pit, Gallum occidit, eumque torque” aureo:spoliavit, 
quo°® ornatus erat. Hine et ipse et postéri ejus Tor- 
quati appellati sunt. Galli fugam capessivérunt. 











GRAMMARS.— 553, r. xxxvil.: BSS, vr. lvii-~+° 643, 7212 3 and 
644, 12172.—4 427, r. xix.: S48, 1. xxxviil.—* 655, 1755.— 
© 214,1, lst: 375.—i 123, 2: Z033.—i 316, r. ii: O£8, vr. iv.— 
k 627, 1, lst: 2220.—' 573, 958, r. lxii.; and 577, 962.—™ 339, 
r. vii.: 757, ¥. xvi— 514, 911, vr. 1—° 542, r. xxxv.: 73,7. xlil, 





Iproms.—> 107, 1—* 83, 3.—f 115, 1.—}® 87, 6.—+* 19, 6.—™ 6, L-~ 
&, 8, 


LIBER I, 123 


2. Novo bello cum Gallis exorto, anno urbis 4 y, 
quadringentestmo sexto, itérum Gallus proces-  4C6- 
sit robdre® atque armis insignis, et provocivit unum ex 
Romanis, ut secum armis decernéret.»> Tum se M. Va- 
lerius, tribunus militum, obtalit; et, quum processisset 
armatus, corvus ei¢ supra dextrum brachiumsedit. Mox, 
commissa pugna, hic corvus alis¢ et unguibus Galli oct- 
los verberavit. Ita factum est, ut Gallus nullo negotio 
a Valerio interficerétur,¢ qui hine Corvininomen accépit. 

3. Postea Romani bellum gessérunt cum 4 y. 
Samnitibus, ad quod L. Papirius Cursor cum 420. 
honére dictatéris profectus est. Quif quam negotil cu- 
jusdam causa Romam ivisset, preecépit Q. Fabiog Rul- 
lino, magistro equitum, quem apud exercitum reliquit, 
ne pugnam cum hoste committéret.» Sed ille oceasio- 
nem nactus felicissimé dimicavit, et Sananites delévit. 
Ob hane rem a dictatdre capitis damnatus est. At ille 
in urbem confugit, et ingenti favdre militum et poptli 
liberatus est; in Papirium autem tanta exorta est sedi- 
tio, ut pene ipsei interficerétur.s 

4. Dudbus annis posti T. Veturius et Spurius Postu- 
mius consiiles bellum adyerstm Samnites gerébant. Hi 
a Pontio Thelesino, duce hostium,in insidias inductisunt. 
Nam ad Furciilas Caudinas Romanos pellexit 4 
in angustias, unde sese expedire non potérant. 483. 
Ibi Pontius patrem suum Herennium rogavit, quid fa- 
ciendum putaret. lle respondit, aut omnes oecidendos™ 





GRAMMARS.—* 535, r. xxxiv.: SSQY, r. xlvii.-—> 627, 1, 3d.: 7208. 
—* 380, r.: S71.— 542, vr. xxxv.: 873, rv. xlii—e 627, 1, 4th: 
1222.—® 403, r.v.: S31, rv. xxxiii— 520,1: 1075, r. lxxiv.— 
§236,4: 474; 612, 992.—' 627, 5: 1182, r. Ixxxvii— 627, 1, 
Ist: 1220. 


Toioms.—f 39, 1.—' 32, 3—* 91, 5.—*™ 108, 4, 


134 ROMAN HISTORY. 


esse, ut Romandrum vires fragerentur,? aut omnes di- 
mittendos, ut beneficio obligarentur.e Pontius utrum- 
que consilium improbavit, omnesque sub jugum misit 
Samnites denique post bellum undequinguaginta annd- 
zum superati sunt. 

Wear 5. Devictis Samnitibus, Tarentinis» bellum 

#72. indictum est, quia legatis Romandrum injuriam 
fecissent.© Hi Pyrrhum, Epiri regem, contra Romances 
auxilium! poposcérunt:—Is mox in Italiam venit, tum- 
que primim Romani cum transmarino hoste pugnavé- 
runt. » Missus est contra eum consul P. Valerius Le- 
vinus. Hic, quum exploratores Pyrrhi cepisset, jussit 
eos per castra duci,e tumque dimitti, ut renuntiarent@ 
Pyrrho, quecunque a Romanis agerentur.f 

6. Pugna commissdé, Pyrrhus auxilio elephantorum 
vicit. Nox prelio finem dedit. Levinus tamen per 
noctem fugit. Pyrrhus Romanos mille’ octingentos 
cepit, eosque summo honodre tractaévit. Quum eos, qui 
in preelio interfecti fuérant, omnes adversis vulneribus 
et truci vultu etiam mortuos jacére videéret, tulisse ad 
celum manus dicitur cum hac voce: go cum talibus 
viris brevi orbem terrarum subigérem.® 

7. Postea Pyrrhus Romam perrexit; omnia ferro ig- 
ntque vastavit. Campaniam depopulatus est, atque ad 
Preeneste venit, milliario ab urbe octavo decimo. Mox 
terrdre exercitis, qui cum constile sequebatur, in Cam- 
paniam se rec@pit. -Legati ad Pyrrhum de captivis re- 
dimendis: missi honoriffeé ab eo suseepti sunt; captivos 
sine pretio reddidit. Unum ex legatis, Fabricium, sic 





GRAMMARS.— 627, 1, 2d: 2207.—» 522, r. iii: LOTS, r. Ixxiv 
© 104,5: 2O#,—) 142, 2d: 1267, 1. xeviii. 


Inious.—4 62, 5.—* 94, 3—# 7.— 112, 8. 





LIBER It. 135 


admiratus est, ut ei quartam partem regni sui promit- 
t%ret, si ad se transiret,* sed a Fabricio contemptus est. 

8. Quum jam Pyrrhus ingenti Romanorum admira- 
tidne tenerétur, legatum misit Cineam, preestantissimum. 
virum, qui> pacem petéret ea conditione,* ut Pyrrhus 
eam partem Italiz, quam armis occupavérat, obtinéret. 
Romani respondérunt, eum cum Romanis pacem habére 
non posse, nisi ex Italia recessisset.4 Cineas quum 
rediisset, Pyrrho eum® interroganti, qualis ipsi Roma 
visa esset,f respondit, se regum patriam vidisse.$ 

9. In altéro* preelio cum rege Epiri commisso Pyr- 
rhus vulneratus est, elephanti interfecti, viginti millia 
hostium cewsa sunt. Pyrrhus Tarentum! fugit.  Inter- 
jecto anno, Fabricius contra eum missus est. Ad hune 
medicus Pyrrhi nocte venit promittens, se Pyrrhum 
venéno occisurum,) si munus sibi darétur. Hune Fa- 
bricius vinctum rediici jussit ad dominum. Tune rex 
admiratus illum dixisse fertur: Jilek est Fabricius, qua 
difficiliis ab honestate, qudm sol a cursu suo averti potest. 
Pauld post Pyrrhus tertio etiam preeliofususa 4 J. 
Tarento recessit, et, quum in Greciam rediis- 481: 
set, apud Argos, Peloponnési urbem, interfectus est. 

10. Anno quadringentesimo nonagesimo post 4. 
uroem conditam! Romandrum exercitus pri- 49: 
mum ia Siciliam trajecérunt, regemque Syracusarum 
Hierdnem, Poenosque, qui multas civitatesin 4 y. 
ea insula occupavérant, superavérunt. Quinto #9 
anno hujus belli, quod contra Pcenos eerebatur, pri- 





GRAMMARS.—* 627, 2: 1265, r. xcvii.—> 641, r. it: 22005. 
o-642, r. xxxv.: 873, rv. xlii— 627, 5: L267, rv. xcviii.—f 624, 
FIS2, v. \xxxvii —> 106, 7: 2OS.— 553, r. xxxvii.: 98S, rv. lvid, 
— 319, r.v.: 666, r. vi— 684, 1557. 











Tptoms.—? 40, 4.—* 63, 2.—€ 98, 2.—i 100, 2, and 94, 1, 24 
3 


~ 


136 ROMAN HISTORY. 


mum Romani, C. Duillio et Cn. Cornelio Asina consul- 
ibus,* in mari dimicavérunt. Duillius Carthaginienses 
vicit, triginta naves occupavit, quatuordécim mersit, 
septem milla hostium » cepit, tria millia occidit. Nulla 
victoria Romanis° gratior fuit. Duillio concessum est, 
ut quum a ccena rediret, puéri funalia gestantes, et 
tibicen eum comitarentur.4 

wey. 11. Paucis annis interjectis, bellum in Afr’. 

9. cam translatum est. Hamilcar, Carthaginien- 
sium dux, pugna navali superatur; nam perditis sexa- 
ginta quatuor navibus se recépit; Romani viginti duas 
amisérunt. Quum in Afr¥cam venissent, Poenos in pluri- 
bus precliis vicérunt, magnam vim homynum cepérunt, 
septuaginta quatuor civitates in fidem accepérunt. Tum 
victi Carthaginienses pacem a Romanis®¢, petiérunt. 
Quam quum M. Atilius Regtlus, Romandrum dux, 
dare nollet nisi duriss¥mis conditionibus, Carthaginienses 
auxilium petiérunt a Lacedemoniis.e Hi Xanthippum 
miserunt, qui Romanum exercitum magno preelio vicit. 
Regilus ipse captus et in vincitla conjectus est. 

12. Non tamen ubique fortina Carthaginiensibus ¢ 
favit. Quum aliquot preeliis victi essent, Regilum ro- 
gaverunt, ut Romam proficiscerétur, et pacem captivo- 
rumque permutatidnem a Romanis obtinéret. Ile quum 
~Romam venisset, inductus in Senatum dixit, se desiisse 
Romanum esse ex ill4 die, qua in potestatem Poendrum 
venisset.' Tum RomanisJ suasit, ne pacem cum Car-— 
thaginiensibus factrent:* illos! enim tot casibus fractos 
spem nullam nisi in pace habére:™ tanti™ non esse, ut 
Geasotars.— 332, r. vie: 51 ol. xv.—° 382 nieve SG6O, ® x1. 
—4 627, 1, 4th: 1222.—e 511, 737.—® 403, r. v.: SSL, r. xxxiii. 
—) 565, r. xl: 949, r. Ix—i 650, vr. vi.: Z291, r. ci—i 501, x. 
xxix.: 855, vr. xxxix.—* 627, 1, 3d: 1208.— 496, SOO. 





Ipioms.—* 110, 2.—f 39, 3.—! 94, 4—™ 96, 2, and 94, 1, 2 


LIBER II. 137 


tot millia? captivdrum propter se unum et paucos, qui 
ex Romanis capti essent, redderentur. Hee sententia 
obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelissimis 
suppliciis exstinctus est. 

13. Tandem, C. Lutatio Cattilo, A. Postumio a. v. 
consulibus, anno belli Punici vices¥mo tertio °!* 
magnum preelium navale commissum est contra Lily- 
beum, promontorium Siciliz. In eo preelio septuaginta 
tres Carthaginiensium naves capte,> centum viginti 
quinque demerse, triginta duo millia hostium capta, 
tredécim millia occisa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses 
pacem petiérunt, cisque pax tribiita est. Captivi Roma- 
norum,° qui tenebantur a Carthaginiensibus redditi sunt. 
Poeni Sicilia,’ Sardinia, et cettris insiilis, cu inter Pta- 
liam Africamque jacent, decessérunt, omnemaque His- 
paniam que citra Iberum est, Romanis permisérunt. 





LIBER TERTIUS. 

1. ANNO quingentessimo undetricestmo tn- 4 1. 
gentes Galldrum copie Alpes transiérunt. Sed 529. 
pro Romanis tota Italia consensit: traditumque est,¢ 
octingenta millia® homimum¢ ad id bellum parata fa 
isse.£ Res prospéré gesta est apud Clusium: quadra- 
einta millia homimum interfecta sunt. Aliquot annis ¢ 
post» pugnaitum esti contra Gallos in agro Instibrum, 
finitumque est bellum M. Claudio Marcello, Cn. Cor. 
nelio Scipidne consulibus. Tum Marcellus regem Gal. 


——_—__.______ 


GRAMMARS.—* 104, 5: 204.—* 355,r.x.: 771, vr. ix.—! 613, 1 
ii.: 993, r.lxx.—* 158, OSG ; and 164, 5: 327.—# 565, r.xL: 
950, rv. \xi. —® 612, 9F4#.—' 233, 3: £58. 


Iprous—P 115, 2.—* 51 2.—f 94, 1, 2d, and 98, 9 











1355 ROMAN UISTORY. 


lorum, Viridomirum, manu sua occidit, et triumphans 
spolia Galli stipfti* imposita humeris suis vexit. 

2. Paulo post Punicum bellum renovatum est per Han- 
nibilem, Carthaginiensium ducem, quem pater Hamilcar 
novem annos? natum aris admovérat, ut odium perenne 
in Romanos juraret.¢ Hic annum agens vicesimum eti- 

A.u, tisSaguntum, Hispaniz civitatem, Remanis am- 

936. cam, oppugnare 4 aggressus est. Huic Romani 
per legaitos denuntiavérunt, ut bello abstinéret.e. Quif 
quum legatos admittére nollet, Romani Carthaginem 
misérunt, ut mandarétur ¢ Hannibiéli,* ne bellum contra 
socios poptli Romani geréret.e Dura responsa a Car- 
thaginiensibus reddita. Saguntinis interea fame Victis, 
Romani Carthaginiensibus bellum indixérunt. 

3. Hannibal, fratre Hasdrubile in Hispania relicto, 
Pyreneum et Alpes transiit. Traditury in Italiam ecto- 
ginta millia peditum, et viginti millia equitum, septem ct 
triginta elephantos abduxisse. Interea multi Ligtires ct 
Galli Hannibali se conjunxérunt. Primus ei occurrit P. 
Cornelius Scipio, qui, proelio ad Ticinum commisso,! su- 


‘peratus est, et, vulnére accepto," in castraredut. Tum 


Sempronius Gakephas conflixit ad Trebiam amnem. Is 
quoque vinertur. Multi poptili se Hannibali dedidérunt. 
Inde in Tusciam progressus, Flaminium constlem ad 
Trasiménum lacum sup%rat. Ipse Flaminius interemp- 
tus,! Romandrum viginti quinque millia casa sunt. 
Au. 4. Quingentesimo et quadragesimo anno post 
540. urbem conditam L. Aimilius Paullus et P. Te- 


rentius Varro contra Hannibilem mittuntur. Quam- 





+ Supply és with traduwr, or eum with abduaxisse, Gr. 676, L155. 

GRAMMARS,—* 522, r. iii.: ZO7S5, r. lxxiv.—> 565, r. xli.: 949,r. 
Ix.—* 627, 1, 2d: 1207.—4 665, LISS, r. Ixxx.—® 627, 1, 3d 
1208. 

Toio“s.—f 39, 1.—& 51.—* 104, 2.—! 115, 2. 








LIBER IIt. 139 


quam intellectum erat, Hannibailem non aliter vinci 
posse quam mora, Varro tamen more> impatiens apud 
vicum, qui Canne* appellatur, in Apulia pugnavit ; ambo 
consiles victi, Paullus interemptus est. In ea pugna, con- 
sulares aut pretorii viginti, senatores triginta capti aut 
occisi; militum quadraginta millia; equitum tria millia 
et quingenti periérunt. In his tantis malisnemo tamen 
pacis mentidnem factre dignatus est. Servi, quod 4 nun- 
quam anté factum, manumissi et milites facti sunt. 

5. Post eam pugnam multe Italie civitates, que Ro- 
manis® paruérant, sead Hannibalem transtulérunt. Han- 
nibal Romanis obtulit,f ut captivos redimérent; respon- 
stunque est # a senatu, eos cives non esse necessarios, qui 
armati capti potuissent.g Hos omnes ille postea variis’ 
suppliciis interfécit, et tres modios auredrum annulérum 
Carthaginem misit,quos manibus! equitum Romandrum, 
senatorum, et militum detraxérat. Interea in Hispania 
frater Hannibilis, Hasdritbal, qui ibi remansérat eum 
magno exercitu, a dudbus Scipionibus vincitur, perdit- 
que in pugna triginta quinque millia hommnum. 

6. Anno quarto postquam Hannibal in Italiam venérat, 
M. Claudius Marcellus consul apud Nolam, civitatem 
Campanie, contra Hannibalem bené pugnavit. Ilo tem- 
pore Philippus, Demetrii filius, rex Macedoniz, ad Han-. 
nibilem legatos mittit, eique auxilia contra Romanos 
pollicétur. Qui legati' quum a Romanis capti essent,J 
M. Valerius Levinus cum navibus missus est, qui regem 
impediret,* qué minus copias in Italiam trajicéret.! _Idem 
in Macedoniam penetrans regem Philippum vicit. 


GRAMMARS.—* 662.—> 349, r. ix.: 765, vr. xviii—* 321, 668.— 
e403, r. v.: SSL, r. xxxili—s 627, 6: 1291.— 501, % xxix.: 
S55, ¥. Xxxix.—i 631, 1244, r. xciv.—* 643, 4th: 1212) 


Ipioms.—* 51, 2h 37, 9.—f 60, 4.—i 38, 1—* 83, 2.—1 78,7 





140 ROMAN HISTORY. 


T. In Sicilia quoque res prospéré gesta est. Marccl- 
lus magnam hujus instle partem cepit, quam Peeni 
occupavérant; Syracusas, nobilissimam urbem, expug- 
navit, et ingentem inde predam Romam® misit. Lee 
vinus in Macedonia cum Philippo et multis Gracie 
poptlis amicitiam fecit; et in Siciliam profectus Han- 
nonem, Peendrum ducem, apud Agrigentum cepit; 
quadraginta civitates in deditionem accépit, viginti sex 
expugnavit. Ita omni Sicilia receptaé, cum ingenti 
gloria Romam regressus est. 

8. Interea in Hispaniam, ubi duo Scipidnes ab Has- 
drubile interfecti erant, missus est P. Cornelius Scipio, 
vir Romanorum? omnium feré primus. Hic,¢ puer,! duo- 
deviginti annodrum,° in pugna ad Ticinum, patrem singu- 
lari virtiite servavit. Deinde post cladem Cannensem? 
multos § nobilissimorum juvénum Italiam deserére ! cu- 
pientium, auctoritate sua ab hoc consilio deterruit. Vi- 
ginti quatuor anndrum® juvénis in Hispaniam missus, 
die quavenit, Carthaginem Novam cépit, in quaomne au- 
rum et argentum et belli apparatum Poeni habébant, no- 
bilissImos quoque obsides, quos ab Hispanis accepérant. 
Hos obsides parentibus suis! reddidit. Quare omnes feré 
Hispaniz civitates ad eum uno animo transiérunt. 

9. Ab eo inde tempore res Romanodrum in dies leti- 
ores factee sunt. Hasdrtibal a fratre ex Hispania in 
Italiam evocatus, apud Senam, Picéni civitatem, in 
_ insidias incidit, et strenué pugnans occisus est. Plu- 
rime autem civitates, que in Brutiis ab Hannibile 
tenebantur, Romanis se tradidérunt. 





GRAMMARS.—* 553, r.: OBS, rv. lvii—> 355, r. x, 77H, ve Xix.— 
e 339, r. vii: 757, vr. xvi—! 337, 756.—* 659,4 LI20; and 
665, 1138, rv. lxxx.— 118, 3, Ist, Huc.: LOLS. 








Inioms.—* 27, 4.—4 13, 2.—@ 21, & 


LIBER IV. 141 


10. Anno decimo quarto postquaminItaliam 4 y. 
Hannibal venérat, Scipio consul creatus,* et in 550. 
Africam missus est. Ibi contra Hanndnem, ducem Car- 
thaginiensium, prospéré pugnat, totumque ejus exerci- 
tum delet. Secundo preelio undécim millia hominum 
occidit, et castra cepit cum quatuor millibus et quingen- 
tis militibus. Syphacem, Numidiz regem, qui se cum 
Peenis conjunxérat, cepit, eumque cum nobilissimis Nu- 
midis et infinitis spoliis Romam misit. Qua» re audita, 
omnis feré Italia Hannibalem desérit. Ipsec a a4 y, 
Carthaginiensibus in Africam redire jubétur. °°: 
Ita anno decimo septimo Italia ab Hannibale liberata est. 

11. Post plures pugnas et pacem plis‘ semel frustra 
tentatam, pugna ad Zamam committitur, in qua peritis- 
simi duces copias suas ad bellum educébant. Scipio 
victor recédit; Hannibal cum paucis equitibus evadit. 
Post hoe preelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est. 
Scipio, quum Romam rediisset, ingenti gloria triumpha- 
vit, atque Africanus appellatus est. Sic finem accepit 
secundum Punicum bellum pdst® annum undevicesi- 
mim quam coepérat. 


LIBER QUARTUS. 

1, Fryiro Punico bello, secitum est Macedo- 4 y. 
nicum contra Philippum regem. Superatus est 95°. 
rex a T. Quinctio Flaminio apud Cynocephialas, paxque 
ei data est his legibus: ne Gracie civitatibus, quas Ro- 
mani contra eum defendérant, bellum inferret! ut captivos 








——< 


‘Grammars. 471, 9OO.—e 569, 954.—f 627, L, 2d: L207. 





— — 


Ipioms.—* 115, 1.—> 38, 3.—© 32, 2 


142 ROMAN HISTORY. 


et transfigas reddéret; quinquaginta solum naves habe 
ret; reliquas Romanis daret; mille talenta prestdret, ec 
obsidem* daret filium Demetrium. 'T. Quinctius etiam 
Lacedzmoniis intuit bellum, et ducem edrum Nabidem 
vicit. 

A.v. 2. Finito bello Macedonico, secttum est bel- 

563. Jum Syriaicum contra Antidchum regem, cum 
quo Hannibal se jJunxérat. Missus est contra eum L. 
Cornelius Scipio consul, cui? frater ejus Scipio Africa- 
nus legatus est additus. Hannibal navali preelio victus,¢ 
Antidchus autem ad Magnesiam, Asiz civitatem, a Cor- 
nelio Scipidne constle ingenti preelio fusus est. Tum 
rex Antidchus pacem petit. Data est eib hae lege, ut 
ex Huropd et Asid recedéret, atque intra Taurum se con- 
tinéret, decem millia talentorum et vigints obsides preebé- 
ret, Hannibdlem, concitorem belli, dedéret. Scipio Ro- 
mam rediit, et ingenti gloria triumphavit. Nomen et 
ipse, ad imitatioOnem fratris, Asiatici accépit. 

3. Philippo, rege Macedoniz, mortuo, filius ejus Per- 
seus rebellavit, ingentibus copiis paratis.¢- Dux Romano- 
rum, P. Licinius consul, contra eum missus, gravi preelio 
a rege victus est. Rex tamen pacem petebat. Cui Ro- 
mani eam prestare noluérunt, nisi his conditionibus,¢ ut 
se et suos Romanis dedéret. Mox Atmilius Paullus con- 

A.v, sul regemad Pydnam superavit, et viginti mil- 

586. lia peditum ejus occidit. Equitatus cum rege 
fugit. Urbes Macedoniz omnes, quas rex tenuérat, Ro- 
manis se dedidérunt. Ipse Perseus ab amicis desertus in 
Paulli potestatem venit. Hic, multis etiam aliis rebus 
gestis,4 cum ingenti pompa,f Romamrediit in nave Persei, 
| GRAMIIARS—* 522, 1. it: LO75,r. lxxiv.—* 042, n xxxv., S73, 
r. xlii—f 545, 876. 

Inioms.—* 13, 1—e 115, 2.—4 104, 1. 


e LIBER IV. 143 


inusitaite magnitudinis ;2 nam sedécim remorum ordines 
habuisse dicitur. Triumphavit “magnificentisstmé in 
curru aureo, dudbus filiis utroque latére> adstantibus. 
Ante currum inter captivos duo regis filii et ipse Per- 
seus ducti sunt. 

4, Tertium deinde bellum contra Carthagi- 4 y. 
nem susceptum est sexcentesYmoetalt%ro® anno 602. 
ab urbe conditaé,4 anno quinquagesimo primo postquim 
secundum bellum Punycum transactum erat. LL. Man- 
lius Censormus et M. Manlius constles in Africam tra- 
jecérunt,¢ et oppugnavérunt Carthaginem. Multa ibi 
preclaré gesta sunt per Scipidnem, Scipidnis A fricani 
nepotem, qui tribinusf in Africa militabat. Hujus 
apud omnes ingens metus et reverentia erat, neque 
quidquam magis Carthaginiensium duces vitabant, 
quam contra eum preelium committére. 

5. Quum jam magnum esset Scipidnis nomen, tertio 
anno postquim Romani in AfrYcam trajecérant,e consul 
est creatus, et contra Carthaginem missus. Is 4 
hane urbem a civibus acerrimé defensams ce- 608. 
pit ac diruit. Ingens ibi preda facta, plurimaque in- 
venta sunt, que multirum civitatum excidiis Carthago 
collegtrat. Heec omnia Scipio civitatibus» Italie, Si- 
cilizw, Africee reddidit, quae! suai recognoscébant. Ita 
Carthago septingentestmo anno, postquam condita erat, 
Geléta est. Scipio nomen Africaini junidris accépit. 

6. Intérim in Macedonia quidam Pseudophilippus 
arma movit, et P. Juvencium, Romanorum ducem, ad 
internecidnem vicit. Post eum Q. Cecilius Metellus 
dux a Romanis contra Pseudophilippum missus est, et, 


GRAMMARS.—* 339, Yr. vii.: G3S7, Vr. XVI—? 612, VOZ, (in.)—* 106, 
%: 2OS.—4 684, 1357.—* 444, 720.—* 688, 13550, r. cv. 


Tproms.—f 13, 1.—® 63.— 34.—i 31, 5, Note. 


144 ROMAN HISTORY. ® 


viginti quinque millybus ex militibus® ejus occisis, Mae 
cedoniam recépit; ipsum etiam Pseudophilippum in 
potestatem suam redégit. Corinthiis quoque bellum 
indictum est, nobiliss¥me Gracie civitati,» propter in- 
juriam Romanis legatis ilatam. Hance Mummius con- 

A.vU, sul cepit ac diruit. Tres igitur Rome simul 

608. celeberrimi triumphi fuerunt; Scipidnis4 ex 
Africa, ante cujus currum ductus est Hasdritbal; Me- 
tellid ex Macedonia, cujus currum precessit Andriscus, 
qui et Pseudophilippus dicitur; Mummii‘ ex Corintho, 
ante quem signa senea et picte tabtle et alia urbis cla- 
rissime ornamenta prelata sunt. 

A.v. ¢- Annosexcentesimo decimo post urbem con- 

610. ditam Viriathus in Lusitania bellum contra Ro- 
manos excitavit. Pastor primo fuit, mox latronum dux ; 
postrémd tantos ad bellum popiilos concitavit, ut vindexe 
libertatis Hispanie existimaretur.f Denique a suis in- 
terfectus est. Quum interfectores ejus premium a Ca- 
pidne consiile petérent, responsum est, nunquam Roma- 
nis placuisse imperatorem a militibus suis interfici. 

8. Deinde bellum exortum est cum Numantinis, civi- 
tate > Hispanie. Victus ab his Qu. Pompéius, et post 
eum C. Hostilius Mancinus consul, qui pacem cum iis 
fecit infamem, quam poptlus et senatus jussit infringi,' 
atque ipsum Mancinum hostibus tradi.!. Tum P. Scipio 
Africanus in Hispaniam missus est. Is primim militenf 
ignavum et corruptum correxit; tum multas Hispanize 

A.U._ Civitates partim bello cepit, partim in deditid- 

621. nem accépit. Postrémé ipsam Numantiam fame 
ad deditionem coégit, urbemque evertit; reliquam pro- 
vinciam in fidem accépit. 


GRAMMARS.—* 360, 775.—> 253, 623.—° 522, r, ili: LOZS5, rv. 
lxiv.—e 319, r.v.: G66, r. vi.; and 320, 667.— 627, 1, lst: Z220. 








Iptoms.—4 Sup. triumphus.—® 19, 2.—® 51, 5.—i 90, 4, 


LIBER V. 145 


9. P. Scipidne Nascica* et L. Calpurnio Bestia con- 
sulibus, Jugurthe, Numidarum regi, bellum illatum 
est, quod Adherbailem et Hiempsilem, Micipsee filios, pa- 
truéles suos, interemisset.» Missus adversts eum con- 
sul Calpurnius Bestia corruptus regis pecunia pacem 
cum eo flagitiosissimam fecit, que a senatu improbata 
est. Denique Qu. Cecilius Metellus consul Jugurtham 
varis preeliis vicit, elephantos ejus occidit vel cepit, mul- 
tas civitates ipsius in deditidnem accépit. Ei successit 
C. Marius, qui bello terminum posuit, ipsumque Jugur- 
tham cepit. Ante currum triumphantis Marii 4 y. 
Jugurtha cum dudbus filiis ductus est vinctus, 648: 
et mox jussu consilis in carcére strangulatus. 





LIBER QUINTUS. 


1. Dum bellum in Numidia contra Jugurtham geritur, 
Cimbri et Teutdnes alieque Germandrum et Gallorum ~ 
gentes Italiz * minabantur, alieque Romandrum exerci- 
tus fudérunt. Ingens fuit Rome ¢ timor,nee itérum Galli 
urbem occuparent. Ergo Marius consulf creatus, eique 
bellum contra Cimbros et Teutdnes decrétum est; bellé- 
que protracto, tertius ei et quartus consulatus delatus est. 
In dudbus preeliis cum Cimbris ducenta millia hostium 
cecidit, octoginta millia cepit, eorumque regem Theuto- 
bschum; propter quod merYtum absens quintd Consul 
creatus est. Interea Cimbri et Teutdnes,quo- 4 y 
rum copia adhuce infinita erat, in Italiam trans- ®3- 
iérunt. It®rum a C. Mario et Qu. Catiilo contra eos 


_— 





GRAMMARS.— 655, 7255.— 403, r. v.: SSL, rv. xxxiii—e 634 
— 319, r.v.: 666, r. vi. 


[pioms.—* 110, 2.—4 4, 1—* 121, 6. 


146 ROMAN HISTORY. 


dimicdtum est? ad Verdnam. Centum et quadraginta 
millia aut in pugna aut in fuga casa sunt; sexaginta mil- 
lia capta. Tria et triginta Cimbris > signa sublata sunt. 

he 2. Sexcentesimo quinguagesimo nono anno 

659. ab urbe condita in Italia gravissimum belluin 
exarsit. Nam Picentes, Marsi, Pelignique, qui multos 
annos popilo Romano obeditrant, equa cum illis jura 
sibi> dari postulabant. Pernicidsum admddum hoc bel- 
lum fuit. P. Rutilius consul in eo occisus est; plures 
exercitus fusi fugatique. Tandem L. Cornelius Sulla 
cuun® alia egregié gessit, tum Cluentium, hostium du- 
cem, cum magnis copiis, fudit. Per quadriennium cum 
gravi utriusque partis calamitate hoc bellum tractum 
est. Quinto demum anno L. Cornelius Sulla ei impos- 
uit fnem. Romani tamen,id4 quod prits negavérant, 
Jus civitatis, bello finito, sociis tribuérunt. 

NA 3. Anno urbis conditx sexcentesimo sexages- 

666. mo sexto primum Rome bellum civileexortum 
est; eddem anno etiam Mithridaticum. Causam bello 
civili C. Marius dedit. Nam quum Sulle bellum ad- 
versus Mithridatem regem Ponti decrétum esset, Marius 
ei¢ hunc honorem eripére conatus est. Sed Sulla, qui 
adhuc cum legionybus suis in Italia morabatur, cum 
exercitu Romam venit, et adversarios cum®¢ interfécit, 
tum fugavit. Tum rebus Rome utcunque compositis, in 
Asiam profectus est, pluribusque preeliis Mithridatem 
coégit, ut pacem a Romanis petéret,’ et Asia, quam in- 
vastrat, relicta, regni sui finibus contentus esset. 

4, Sed dum Sullain Grecia et Asia Mithridatem vin- 





GRAMMARS.—* 223, 3: £5.3.—> 522, r. li: LUGS, vr. lxxiv.— 
601, r.: 855, r. xxxix.—f 627, 1, 3d: 1208, 





Tp1oms.—* 124, 8.—4 37, 9.—* 5, 1. 


LIBER. VI. 147 


ex consulibus, bellum in Italia repararunt, et ingressi 
Romam nobilissimos ex senatu et consulares viros in- 
terfecérunt; multos proscripsérunt; ipsius Sulle domo 
eversa, filios et uxorem ad fugam compulérunt. Uni- 
versus reliquus senatus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullam in 
Greciam venit, orans ut patriz subveniret.2 Sulla in 
Italiam trajécit,» hostium exercitus vicit, mox etiam 
urbem ingressus est, quam cede* et sanguine civiim 
replévit. Quatuor millia inermium, qui se dedidérant, 
interficid jussit; duo millia equitum et senatorum pro- 
scripsit. Tum de Mithridate triumphavit. Duo hee 
bella funestissima, Italicum, quod et sociale dictum est, 
et civile, consumpsérunt ultra eéntum et quinquaginta 
millia hominum, viros consulares viginti quatuor, pre- 
torios septem, edilitios sexaginta, senatdres feré du- 
centos. 


LIBER SEXTUS. 


1. ANNO urbis condite sexcentesimo septua- 4 py. 
gesimo sexto, L. Licinio Lucullog et M. Aurelio 676. 
Cotta consulibus, mortuus est Nicomédes, rex Bithyniz, 
et testamento poptlum Romanum fecit herédem.e Mi- 
thridates, pace rupta,f Asiam rursus voluit invad@re. 
Adversts eum ambo constiles missi variam habuére for- 
tunam. Cotta apud Chaicedinem victus preelio, a rege 
etiam intra oppidum obsessus est. Sed quum se inde 

“Mithridates Cyzicum ® transtulisset, ut, hac urbe capta,i 








GRAMMARS. —* 627,1, 3d: 1208.—® 444, 720.—e 515, 1. xxxi: 
911.—* 440, 715.—§ 695, 97 2.—* 553, rv. xxxvii.: 93S, r. lvii. 


Ipioms.—* 90, 4— 104, 1.— 110, 2_ 


148 ROMAN HISTORY. 


totam Asiam invadéret, Lucullus ei,2 alter consul, oc- 
eurrit, ac dum Mithridates in obsidiéne Cyzici commo- 
‘atur, ipse> eum a tergo obsedit, faméque consumptum 
multis preeliis vicit. Postreémod Byzantiume fugavit; 
navali quoque preelio ejus duces oppressit. Ita una 
hitme? et estate a Lucullo centum feré milliae mili- 
tum regis exstincta sunt. 

bee 2. Anno urbis sexcentestmof septuagesimo 

678. octavo novum in Italia bellum commitum est. 
Septuaginta enim quatuor gladiatdres, ductbuss Spar- 
tico, Crixo, et dinomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui Capuz 
erat, effugérunt, et per Italiam vagantes pene non le- 
vius bellum, quam HannYbal,' movérunt. Nam con- 
traxérunt exercitum feré sexaginta milliume armato- 
rum, multosque duces et duos Romanos constles vice- 
runt. Ipsi victi sunt in Apulia a M. Licinio Crasso 
proconstle, et, post multas calamitites Italie,) tertio 
anno huic bello finis est impositus. 

8. Intérim L. Lucullus bellum Mithridaticum perse- 
cutus regnum Mithridatis invasit, ipsumque regem apud 
Cabira civitatem, quo ingentes copias ex omni regno ad- 
duxérat Mithridates, ingenti preelio superatum fugavit, 
et castra ejus diripuit. Armenia quoque Minor, quam 
tenébat, eidem* ereptaest. Susceptus est Mithridates a 
Tigrane, Armeniz rege, qui tum ingenti gloria impera- 
bat; sed hujus quoque regnum! Lucullus est ingressus. 
Tigranocerta, nobilissimam Armeniz civitatem, cepit, 
ipsum regem, cum magno exercitu venientem, ita vicit, 


— 





GRAMMARS.—* 399, r. iv.; S26, r. xxxii—e 553, r. xxxvii.: 938, 
r. lvii—¢ 565, r. xli.: DSO, vr. Ixi—e 104, 5: 2O4.—f 106, 7: 208. 
n $48, r. xxxvi.: 932, rv. lvi—i 470, Ist: S99.—i 334, 753.— 
k 522, 7. ili: 1075, r. xxiv. 613, r. li. : 993, r. Ixx. 


Ipioms.—> 32, 3.—® 110, 2.- -© 6, 1. 


LIBER VI. 149 


ut robur militum Armenidrum deléret.2 Sed quum 
Lucullus finem bello imponére pararet, successor ei » 
missus est. , 

4. Per illa tempora pirate omnia maria infestabant 
ita, ut Romanis, toto orbe* terrarum victoribus, sola 
mavigatio tuta non esset.2 Quare id bellum Cn. Pom- 
péio4 decrétum est, quod intra paucos menses 4_ yy. 
incredibili felicitate et celeritite confécit. Mox  ©87.. 
ei4 delatum bellum contra regem Mithridatem et Tigra- 
nem. Quoé suscepto, Mithridatem in Armenia Mindre 
nocturno preelio vicit, castra diripuit, et quadraginta mil- 
libus ejus occisis, viginti tanttim de exercitu suo perdi- 
dit et duos centuridnes. Mithridates fugit cum uxdré et 
dudbus comitibus, neque multd pdst, Pharnicis filii sui 
seditidne coactus, venénum hausit. Hune vite finem 
habuit Mithridates, vir ingentis industries atque con- 
silii. Regnavit annis» sexaginta, vixit septuaginta dud- 
bus: contra Romanos bellum habuit annis quadraginta. 

©. Tigrani deinde Pompéius bellum intilit. Ile: se 
el* dedidit, et in castra Pompéii venit, ac diadéma suum J 
in ejus* manibus collocivit, quod eif Pompéius reposuit. 
Parte* regni eum multavit et grandi pecuniaé. Tum 
alios etiam reges et poptilos superavit. Armeniam Mi- 
norem Deiotiro, Galatia regi, donavit, quia auxilium 
contra Mithridatem tulérat. Seleuciam, vicinam Antio- 
chie civitatem, libertate! donavit, quod regem Tigranem 
non recepisset.™ Inde in Judeam transgressus, Hiero- 
sol¥mam, caput gentis, tertio mense cepit, duodécim mil- 

* i. e. Pompey. + i. e. Tigranes, 
GRAMMARS.—* 627, 1, Ist: 7220.—> 378, r.xv.: SIS, r. xxviii.— 
* 611, (in.): 992—4 522, r. iii.: TOTS, vr. lxxiv.—é 339, r. vil: TST, 
r. xvi—' 565, r. xli.: 950,r.1xi— 118, 3, 3d: 2028.—i 118, 3, 
Ist: ZOLS.— 514, r. xxxi.: 917, r.1.—! 505, 859.—™ 655, 1255. 





Inioms —* 38 &—f 104, 1. 


150 ROMAN HISTORY. 


lrybus Judaedrum occisis, cetéris in fidem receptis. His 
gestis finem antiquissimo bello imposuit. Ante trium- 
phantis@ currum ducti sunt filii Mithridatis, filius Ti- 
granis, et Aristobulus, rex Judedrum. Prelata ingens 
pecunia, auri atque argenti infinitum. Hoe tempore 
nullum per orbem terrarum grave bellum erat. 

hry 6. M. Tullio Cicerdne oratore et C. Antonio 

689. consulibus, anno ab urbe condita sexcentesimo 
undenonagesimo L. Sergius Catilma, nobilissimi gené- 
ris® vir, sed ingenii pravisstmi, ad delendam4 patriam 
conjuravit cum quibusdam claris quidem sed audacYbus 
viris. A Cicerdne urbe & expulsus est, socii ejus depre- 
hensi et in carcére strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altéco 
constle, Catilina ipse preelio victus est et interfectus. 

A.vu. 7. Anno urbis conditz sexcentesimo nonagesi- 

693. mo tertio C. Julius Cesar cum L. Bibiilo consul 
est factus. Quum ei Gallia decréta esset, semper vincen- 
dof usque ad Oceinum Britannicum processit. Domuit 
autem annis¢ novem feré omnem Galliam, que inter Al- 
pes, flumen Rhodinum, Rhenum et Ocednum est. Bri- 
tannis mox bellum intulit, quibus ante eum ne nomen 
quidem Romanorum cognitum erat ; Germanos quoque 
trans Rhenum ageressus, ingentibus preeliis vicit. 

8. Circa eidem tempora M. Licinius Crassus contra 
Parthos missusest. Et quum circa Carras contra omina 

A.v. et auspicia preelium commississet, a Suréena 

700. Orddis regis duce, victus et interfectus est cum 
filio, clarissimo et prestantissimo juvéne. Reliquiz ex- 
ercittis per C. Cassium questdrem servatee sunt. 
~ GRAMMARS — 339, r. v.: 757, vr. Xvi—* 613, r. lik: POS, vr. IXX. 
— 705, 15£0.—* 565, r. xli.: 95O, vr. 1xi.— 528, r, xxxiiil.: S44, 
Yr, XXXVI. 


Ipioms.- * Sup. Pompeii.— Sup. pondus.—4 112, 1. 


LIBER Vt. tee 


9. Hine jam bellum civile successit, quo Ro- 4. yy, 
mani nominis fortuna mutata est. Cesarenim 1% 
victor e Gallia rediens, absens coepit poscére altérum# 
consulatum; quem quum aliqui sine dubitatidne defer- 
rent,> contradictum est® a Pompéio et aliis, jussusque 
est, dimissis exercitibus, in urbem redire. Propter hane 
injuriam ab Arimino, ubi milites congregatos habebat, 
infesto exercitu Romam4 contendit. Constles cum 
Pompéio, senatusque omnis atque universa nobilitas ex 
urbe fugit, et in Greciam transiit; et, dum senatus bel- 
lum contra Cesiirem parabat, hic vacuam urbem in- 
gressus dictatorem se fecit. 

10. Inde Hispanias? petit, ibique Pompeii legiones su- 
peravit ; tum in Grecia adverstim Pompéium ipsum dim- 
icavit. Primo prcelio victus est et fugatus; evasit tamen, 
quia nocte interveniente Pompéius sequi noluit; dixit- 
que Cesar, nec* Pompéium scire vincére, et illo tantum 
die se potuisse superari. Deinde in Thessalia avud Phar- 
salum ingentibus utrinque coplis commissis dimicave- 
runt. Nunquam7y adhuc Romane copiz majores neque 
melioribus ducibus convenérant. Pugnatum est* ingen- 
ti contentidne, victusque ad postrémum Pompéius, et cas- 
tra ejus direptasunt. Ipse fugatus Alexandriam © petiit, 
ut a rege ANgypti, cui tutor a senatu datus fuérat, accip- 
érets auxilia. At hic fortinam magis quim amicitiam } 
secutus, occidit Pompéium, caput ejus et anntlum Ce- 
sari misit. Quo! conspectu, Caesar lacr¥mas fudisse dici- 
tur, tanti viri intuens caput, et genéri quondam sul. 








* Nec, i.e. et non, Id. 124, 1. + Nunquam, i.e. neque wnquam, Id. 124, 5 

Cnaimiunke 8 106, 7: 2O8.—» 631, 1244, r. xciv.; and 159, it: 
10 ¢ ase pi 453.—! 553, r. xxxvii.: DSS, vr. lii—e 56%, 
947. at 611, 992; (cum. )— 627, 1, 2d: L2O7.— +» 470, 1st: S99. 
-— 684, ee 








Ipiom i 38 8, 


152. ROMAN HISTORY. 


11. Quum ad Alexandriam venisset Cesar, Ptolemzeus 
ei insidias parare voluit, qua de causa regi bellum illa- 
tum est. Rex victus in Nilo periit, inventumque est 
corpus ejus cum lorica aurea. Cesar, Alexandria? po- 
titus, regnum Cleopatre dedit. Tum inde profectus 
Pompeianirum> partium reliquias est persecutus, bel- 
lisque civilibus toto terrarum orbe compositis, Romam 
rediit. Ubi quum insolentits agére ccepisset,* conjura- 
tum4 est in eum a sexaginta vel amplits senatoribus, 
equitibusque Romanis. Preecipui fuérunt inter conju- 
ratos Bruti duo ex genére illius Bruti, qui, regYbus ex- 
pulsis,¢ primus Rome consul fuérat, C. Cassius et Ser- 

A.vu. Vilius Casca. Ergo Cesar, quum in Curiam ve- 

709. nisset,¢ viginti tribus vulneribus confossus est. 

12. Interfecto Cesare, anno urbis septingentesimo no- 
no bella civilia reparata sunt. Senatus favébat Cestris 
percussoribusf Antonius consul a Cexsiris partibus sta~ 
bat. Ergo curbata republica, Antonius, multis scelerYbus 
commissis,¢ a senitu hostis judicatus est. Fusus fuga- 
tusque Antonius,amisso exercitu,? confagit ad LepYdum, 
qui Cesirig magister equitum futrat, et tum grandes 
copias militum habebat: a quo susceptus est. Mox Oc- 
tavianus cum Antonio pacem fecit, et quasi vindicati- 
rus) patris' sui mortem, a quo per testamentum fuérat 
adoptatus, Romam cum exercitu profectus extorsit, ut 
sibiJ juvéni viginti annérum * consulatus darétur.! Tum 
junctus cum Antonio et Lepido rempublicam armis ten- 
ére coepit, senatumque proscripsit. Per hos etiam Cic- 
éro orator occisus est, multique alii nobiles. 
~ GRAMMARS.—* 484, r, xxvi— 337, 756.—* 631, 1244, r. xciv.— 


@ 223, 3: £53.— 403, r.v.: S3U, r. xxxiii—® 380, r.i.: 871.— 
5522, 1075.— 339, r. vii.: 757, r. xvi—! 627, 1, 3d: 1208. 


Ipioms.—* 7, 5.—® 104, 1.—® 102, L.— viz. Julii Cesaris. 


LIBER VI. 153 


13. Interea Brutus et Cassius, interfectores Ceesiris, 
ingens bellum movérunt. Profecti contra eos Cesar Oc- 
tavidnus, qui postea Augustus est appellatus, et M. An- 
tonius, apud Philippos, Macedonie urbem,con- 4. y, 
tra eos pugnaverunt. Primo preeliovictisunt 
Antonius et Cesar; periit tamen dux nobilitatis Cas- 
sius; secundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitatem, qu 
cum illis bellum suscepérat, victam® interfecérunt. Tum 
victores rempublicam ita inter se divisérunt, ut Octavi- 
anus Cesar Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam tenéret; Anto- 
nius Orientem, Lepidus Africam accipéret. 

14. Pauld post Antonius, repudiata> sordre Cesiris 
Octaviani, Cleopatram reginam Afgypti, uxdrem duxit. 
Ab hae incitatus ingens bellum commovit, dum Cleopa- 
tra cupiditate* muliebri optat Rome regnare. Victus 
est ab Augusto navali pugna clara et illustri 4 y. 
apud Actium, qui? locus in Epiro est. Hine ‘3: 
fugit in Aieyptum, et, desperatis rebus, quum omnes ad 
Augustum transirent, se ipsee interémit. Cleopatra 
quoque aspidem sibi admisit, et venéno ejus exstincta 
est. Ita bellis toto orbe confectis, Octavianus Augus- 
tus Romam rediit anno duodecimof quam consul fué- 
rat. Ex eo inde tempore rempublicam per quadraginta 
et quatuor annos solus obtinuit. Anté enim* duodé- 
cim annis cum Antonio et Lepido tenuérat.¢ Ita ab 
initio principattis ejus usque ad finem quinquaginta sex 
anni fuére. 


—_  —_ 


* “ Enim,” &c., assigning a reason for ‘ Solus.” 
+ Sup. eam, i. e. rempublicam. 
GRAMMARS.— 268, G656.—* 542, r. xxxv.: 873, r. xlii—f 569, 
570: 954, 955. 


Iptoms.—* 104, 3.—> 104, 1.—4 37, 5.—® 83, 1. 


THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE NATIONS 
OF ANTIQUITY. : 


1. UNIVERSUS terrarum orbis in tres partes dividitur, 
Eurdpam,* Asiam, Africam. Europa ab Africa sejungi- 
tur freto Gaditano, in cujus utraque parte montes sunt 
altissimi, Abyla@ in Africa, in Eurdpa Calpe, qui’ mon- 
tes Herctlis columne®¢ appellantur. Per idem fretum 
mare internum, quod littorybus Eurdpex, Asie, et Africa 
includitur, jungitur cum Ocedno. 

2. Kurdpa terminos? habet ab oriente Tanaim fluvium, 
pontum EKuxinum, et palidem Meotida;e a meridie,f 
mare internum; ab occidente, mare Atlanticum sive 
Oceinum; a septentridne,! mare Britannicum. Mare 
internum tres maximos sinus habet. Quorum ® is, qul 
Asi¢ma Greecia sejungit, Avgeeum mare vocatur; secun- 
dus, qui est inter Greeciam et Italiam, Ionium; tertius 
denique, qui occidentales Italiz oras alluit, a Romanis 
Tuscuim, a Grecis Tyrrhéenum mare appellatur. 

5. In ea Europe parte, que ad occasum vergit, prima 
terrarums est Hispania, que a tribus lateribus mari 
circumdita per Pyrenzos montes cum Gallia coheeret, 


GRAMMARS.—* 257, 629.—* 319, vr. v.: G66, r. vi—4 440, 715. 
—- 90,4: 127.—f 236, 6: 475,.—® 355, r.x.: 77, rv. xix. 














Tp1oms.—> 37,/6, Nole-—® 38. 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 155 


Quum universa Hispania dives sit? et foecunda, ea tamen 
regio, que a flumine Beti> Betica vocatur, cettras fer- 
tilitate® antecellit. Ibi Gades sitz, instla cum urbe a 
Tyriis condita, que freto Gaditano nomen dedit. Tota 
illa regio viris,4 equis, ferro, plumbo, ere, argento, au- 
rdque abundat, et ubi penuria aquarum minus est fer- 
tilis, num tamen aut spartum alit. Marmdris quoque 
lapicidinas habet. In Beeticé minium reperitur. 

4. Gallia posita est inter Pyrenzos montes et Rhie- 
num, orientalem oram Tuscum mare alluit, occidenta- 
lem Oceinus. jus pars illa, que Italize © est opposita, 
et Narbonensis vocatur, omnium est letissfma. In ea 
ora sita est Massilia, urbs a Phoceis condita, qui, pa- 
triad a Persis devictaé, quum servittitem: ferre non pos- 
sent,g Asia relicta,4 novas in Eurdpa sedes quesivérant. 
Ibidem est campus lapideus, ubi Herctiles dicitur contra 
Neptuni libéros dimicasse. Quum tela defecissent,¢ 
Jupiter filium imbre lapfdum adjiivit. Credas' plu- 
isse 3) aded multi passim jacent. 

5. Rhodinus, fluvius, haud longé a Rheni fontibus 
ortus, lacu Lemano excipitur, servatque impétum, ita 
ut per medium lacum intéger fluat,‘ tantusque, quan- 
tus! venit, egrediatur. Inde ad occasum versus, Gal- 
lias aliquandiu dirimit; donec, cursu in meridiem flexo, 
alidrum amnium accessu auetus in mare effunditur. 

6. Ea pars Galliz, quae ad Rhenum porrigytur, framen- 
ti pabulique ™ feraciss¥ma est, coelum salubre; noxia ani- 
malium genéra pauca alit. Incdle superbi et supersti- 
ti Osi, ita ut deos humanis victimis n gaudére existiment. 

~ GRAMMARS.—* 630, 1247,— +90, 5: 110.—« 535, r. xxxiv.: 
S89, vr. xlvii—é 480, r. xxv.: VO, vr. xlixi—e 522, 1O75.—* 355, 
ro x.2 771, vr. xix—*® 631, 1244, vr. xciv— 17], - last Ex.: 


1180, r. Ixxxvi.—* 627, 1, lst: 1220.—" SGU Fee kales gg Og Toke 
—" 485, 


Iptiems—! 19.—* 104, 1.—i 94, 1, 2d, and 98, 2.—! 44, 3, 





156 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


Magistri religidnum et sapientiz sunt Druide, qui, que 
se scire profitentur, in antris abditisque silvis docent. 
Animas eternas esse> credunt, vitamque altéram post 
mortem incipére.» Hane ob causam cum defunctis ¢ 
arma cremant aut defodiunt, eamque doctrinam homf- 
nes ad bellum? alacridres factre existimant. 

7. Universa Gallia divisa est inter tres magnos pop- 
tilos, qui fluviis terminantur. A Pyreneo monte usque 
ad Garumnam Aquitani habitant; inde ad Sequiinam 
Celtz; Belgze denique usque ad Rhenum pertinent. 

8. Garumna amnis, ex Pyrenzo monte delapsus, diu 
vadosus est et vix navigabilis. Quanto® magis proce- 
dit, tanto fit latiar; ad postreémum magni fretif similis, 
non solum majora navigia tolérat, verum etiam more 
maris exsureit, navigantesque© atrociter jactat. 

9. Sequina ex Alptbus ortus in septentridnem pergit. 
Postquim se haud procul Lutetiag cum Matridna con- 
junxit, Oceano» infunditur. Hee flumina opportunis- 
sima sunt mercibus! permutandis) et ex mari interno 
in Oceinum transvehendis.i 

10. Rhenus itfdem ex Alpibus ortus haud procul ab 
origine lacum efficit Venttum, qui etiam Brigantimus ap- 
pellatur. Deinde longo spatio* per fines Helvetisrum, 
Mediomatricorum, et Trevirdrum continuo alvec fertur, 
aut modicas insiilas! circumfluens; in agro Batiivo autem, 
ubi Oceino appropinquavit, in plures amnes dividitur ; 
nec jam amnis, sed ripis longé recedentibus, ingens lacus, 
678, 9G3.—! 385, SG3.—s 611, (a): 992.—» 522, LO75.—i 382, 
r. xvi.: S6O, vr. xlL—* 573, r. xlii.: VSS, rv. lxiii! 613. r lil: DOS, 
5. lee 


Ipioms.—-* 37, 2.—! 95, 1.—e 19, 1.—i 112, 6 








NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. Loe 


Flevo appellatur,ejusdemque nominis instlam amplexus, 
fit iitrum arctior et fluvius® itérum in mare emittitur. 
11. Trans Rhenum Germani habitant usque ad Visti- 
lam, que finis est Germaniz ad orientem. Ad meridiem 
terminatur Alpibus, ad septentridnem mari Britannico 
et Baltico. Incdle corpdrum proceritate> excellunt. 
Animos bellando,¢ corpdra laboribus exercent. Hane 
ob causam crebro bella gerunt cum finitimis, non tam 
finium prolatanddrumé causa, aut imperil cupiditate, 
sed ob belli amorem. Mitese tamen sunt erga suppli- 
ces,? et boni hospitibus. Urbes moenibus cinctas aut 
fossis aggeribusque munitas non habent. Ipsas domos 
ad breve tempus struunt non lapidibus aut lateribus 
coctis sed lignis, que frondibus tegunt. Nam diu eo- 
dem in loco morarif periculdsum ¢ arbitrantur libertati. 
12. Agricnltiret Germani non admddim student, 
nee quisquam agri modum certum aut fines proprios 
habet. Lacte vescuntur et caseo et carne. Ubi fons, cam- 
pus, nemusve iis ' placuérit,! 1bi domos figunt, mox alid 
transitiiri cum conjugibus et libéris. Interdum etiam 
hitmem in subterraneis spectbus dicuntur transigére. 
13. Germania altis montibus, silvis, paludibusque in- 
via redditur. Inter silvasj maxYma est Hercynia, cujus 
latitudinem * Cesar novem dié:um iter! patére narrat. 
Insequenti tempore magna pars ejus excisaest. Flumina 
sunt in Germania multa et magna. Inter hee clarissy- 
mum nomen Rheni, de quo supra diximus, et Danubii. 
Clari quoqueamnes, Mcenus, Visurgis, Albis. Danubius, 


GRAMMARS.—* 252, 625,.—> 535, r. xxxiv.: SSQ, r. xlvii.-— 705, 
1I340.—® 270, G59.— 403, vr. v.: SBT, rr. xxxiii—i 627, 5: 
1182, rv. xxxvii.—i 360, 775.— 671, vr. lviii.: 1736, rv. lxxix.— 
1573, r. xlii.: OSS, Fr. Ixii. 


Ipioms.—*.13, 3.— 192) 5,—© 19,1 22f 99" 5, 





158 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


omnium Europe fluminum? maximus, apud Rheetos or'- 
tur, flexoque ad ortum solis cursu, receptisque sexaginta 
amnibus,in Pontum Huxinum sex vastis ostiis effunditur. 

14. Britaniam instlam Phoenicibus innotuisse, eosque 
stannum inde et plumbum pellesque petivisse, probabile 
est. Romanis eam Julius Cesar primus aperuit; neque 
tamen pritis cognita esse coepit quam Claudio? imperante. 
Hadrianus eam, muro ab oceino Germanico ad Hibernt- 
cum mare ducto, in duas partes divisit, ut inferidrem in- 
stle partem, que Romanis parébat,a barbardrum popu- 
lorum, qui in Scotia habitabant, incursionibus tuerétur.¢ 

15. Maxima instil pars campestris, collibus passim 
silvisque distincta. Incodle Gallos proceritate 4 corporum 
vincunt, cetértum ingenio! Gallis simYles, simplicidres ta- 
men illise magisque barbari. Nemora habitant pro urb- 
Ibus. Ibi tuguria exstruunt et stabila pecdri, sed ple- 
rimque ad breve tempus. Humanitated Cetéris pra- 
stant il, qui Cantium incdlunt. Tota hee regio est ma- 
ritima. Qui interidrem instile partem habitant, fru- 
menta non serunt; lactef et carne vivunt. Pro vesti- 
bus indati sunt pell¥bus.g 

16. Italiaab Alpibus usquead fretum Sictlum porriet- 
tur inter mare Tuscum et Adriaticum. Multo4 longior 
est quam latior.' In medio se attollit Appenninus mons, 
qui, postquam continenti jugo progressus est usque ad 
Apuliam, in duos quasi ramos dividitur. Nobiliss¥ma re- 
aio ob fertilitatem soli coelique salubritatem. Quum lon- 
oé in mare procurrat,) plurimos habet portus populdrum 
inter sek patentes commercio.! Neque ulla facrlé™ est 





GRAMMARS.—* 355, r.x.: 77 1,1. xix. 694, 185 1.— 627, 1, 2d: 
1207 .— 1535, S89, vr. xlvii— * 467, S95.—$485.— 8524, r.v.: LOTS, 
r. xxiv.) 579, r. xliii, 929, r. lv.—i 474, 903.—i 630, 1247.— 
* 118,56: O19.—! 391, r. xvii. : S18, r. xxviii—™ 591, 3d: ZOO8, 





Ipicus.—* 6, 3.—J 74, 1. 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 159 


regio, que tot tamque pulchras urbes habeat,4 inter 
quas Roma et magnitudine » et nominis fama eminet. 

17. Hee urbs, orbis terrarum caput, septem montes 
complectitur. Initio quatuor portas habebat; Augusti 
evo triginta septem. Urbis magnificentiam augebant 
fora, templa, porticus, aqueeductus, theatra, arcus tri- 
umphales, horti denique, et id genus® alia, ad que vel 
lecta¢ animus stupet. Quare recté de ea predicare 
videntur, qui nullius urbis in toto orbe terrarum mag- 
nificentiam ei® comparari posse dixérunt. 

18. Felicissfma in Italia regio est Campania. Multi 
ibi vitiftri colles, ubi nobilissfma vina gignuntur, Seti- 
num, Cectibum, Falernum, Massicum. Calidi ibidem 
fontes* saluberrimi. Nusquam generosior olea. Con- 
chylios quoque et pisce nobili maria vicina scatent. 

19. Clarissfmi amnes Italiz sunt Padus et Tibéris. 
Et Padus quidem in superiodre parte, que Gallia Cisal- 
' pina vocatur, ab imis radicibus Vestli montis exoritur ; 
primum exilis, deinde aliis amniybus ita alitur, ut se per 
septem ostia in mare effundat.4 Tibéris, qui antiquis- 
simis temporibus Albtile nomen habébat, ex Appennino 
oritur; deinde dudbus et quadraginta fluminibus auc- 
tus fit navigabilis. Plurimas in utraque ripa villas ad- 
spicit, preecipué autem urbis Romane magnificentiam. 
Placidissimus amnium raré ripas' egredytur. 

20. In inferidre parte Italiz clara quondam urbs Ta- 
rentum, que maris sinui, cui adjicet, nomen dedit. Soli 
fertilitas coelique jucunda temperies in causa fuisse vidé- 
tur, ut incdle luxuria et deliciis enervarentur. Quum- 
xlvii—e 611, (ad): 992.—4 688, T3550, r. ev.—* 522, r. iii. : LOT 5.—~ 


f 308, 639.—* 480, r. xxv. : 9O7, r. xlix.— 627, 1, lst: L220.— 
611, (ultra): B92. 


Iniom.—4 101, 4. 





a 


160 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


que aliquandiu potentii florérent,> copiasque haud 
contemnendas alérent, peregrinis tamen plerimque du- 
cibus in bellis utebantur, ut Pyrrho,* rege Eptri, quo 
superato, urbs in Romanorum potestatem venit. 

21. Proxima Italie est Sicilia, insila omnium4 maris 
interhi maxima. Antiquissimis temporibus eam cum 
Italia cohesisse.® marisque impétu, aut terres motu inde 
divulsam esse,¢ verisimile est. Forma triangularis, ita 
ut littére, quam Greci Delta vocant, imaginem reférat. 
A tribus promontoriis vocatur Trinacria. Nobilissfmus 
ibi mons Adtne’ qui urbi Catan imminet, tums ob 
altitudinem, tum etiam ob ignes, quos effundit; quare 
Cyclopum in illo monte officinam esse poéte dicunt. 
Cinéres e crateribus egesti agrum circumjacentem foe 
cundum et feracem reddére existimantur. Sunt ibi 
Pidrum campi, qui nomen habent a dudbus juvenibus 
Catanensibus, qui, flammis quondam repenté ingruen- 
tibus, parentes senectiite confectos, huméris sublitos, 
flamme eripuisse feruntur. Nomina fratrum Am- 
phindmus et Anapus fuérunt. 

22. Inter urbes Siciliz nulla est illustrior Syvacisis, 
Corinthidrum colonia, ex quinque urbibus conflata. Ab 
Atheniensibus bello petita, maximas hostium copias delé- 
vit: Carthaginienses etiam magnis interdum cladibus af 
fecit. Secundo bello Punico per triennium oppugnata, 
Archimeédis potissimum ingenio et arte defensa, a M. 
Marcello capta est. Vicinus huic urbi fons Arethtse 
Nymph! sacer,ad quam Alphéus amnis ex Peloponnéso 
per mare Jonium lapsus* commissarif dicitur. Nam si 
quid ad Olympiam in illum amnem jactum fuérit, id in 





* Sup. esse, Gr. 179,6: 281. + Commissari, “in order to enioy 4 
banquet,” Gr. 665, 1255. 

GRAMMARS.— 535, r. xxxiv.: SSI, vr. xlvii—> 630, 1247.— 
© 720, r. (ut, as): L369,.—4 355, vr. x.: 771, vr. xix—f 260, 631.— 
4501, r. xxix.: 855, r. xxxix.—i 382, r. xvi.: S6O, r. xl. 











Ipioms,—4 19.—* 97, 1, and 4—s 124, 7. 


’ 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 161 


Arethuse fonte reddi.2 De illa fabwa quid statuen- 
dum sit,» sponte apparet. . 

23. In mari Ligustico instila est Corsica, quam Greeci 
Cyrnum vocant. Terra aspéra multisque locis® invia, 
celum grave, mare circa4 importunum.  Incdle, latro- 
ciniis dediti, feri sunt et horridi. Mella quoque illius 
instla amara esse dicuntur corporibusque® nocére. 
Proxima ei est Sardinia, que a Grecis mercatoribus 
Ichnisa vocatur, quia formam humani vestigii habet. 
Solum f quam ccelum melius. Illud* fertile, hoc* grave 
acnoxium. Noxia quoque animalia herbasque venena- 
tas gignit. Multum inde frumentis Romam mittitur; 
unde hee insiila et Sicilia nutrices urbis vocantur. 

24. Grecia nominis celebritate omnes feré alias orbis 
terrarum regidnes superavit. Nulla enim magnorum 
ingenidrum4 fuit feracior; neque ulla belli pacisque 
artes majore studio' excoluit. Plurimas eidem colo- 
nias in omnes terre partes deduxit. Multtm itique 
terra marique valuit, et gravissima bella magné cum 
gloria gessit. 

25. Grecia inter Ionium et Algzeum mare porrigitur. 
In plurimas regidnes divisaest, quarum/ amplissime sunt 
Macedonia et Epirus—quamquam he a nonnullis a Gre- 
cid sejunguntur—tum Thessalia. Macedoniam Philippi 
et Alexandri regnum illustravit; quorum ille* Greeciam 
subégit, hick Asiam latisstmé domuit, ereptumque Persis! 
imperium in Macedones transtilit. Centum ejus regidnis 
et quinquaginta urbes numerantur; quarumJ septuaginta 





GRAMMARS.— 627,5: T7S2—<€ 611, (in): 992.4 236, 4: 469. 
—e 403, r.v.: S31, r.xxxiii—f 308, 689.—8 343, r. viii.: 76O, r. 
xvii— 351, 767 .— 542, r.xxxv.: 873, 0. xlii—i 355,r.x.: 771, 
r. xix. 118, 3, 3d: LOZS.—! 522, r. iii.: LO7S, vr. Ixxiv. 





Ipioms.— Sup. dicitur — 108, 9.—! 5, L. 


162 THE GEOGRAPHY AND TS 


duas, Perseo, ultfmo Macedoniz rege, superato, Paui- 
lus 2Emilius diripuit. 

26. Epirus, que ab Acrocerauniis incipit montYbus, 
desinit in Acheloo flumine. Plures eam popili incd- 
lunt. Illustris ibi Doddna® in Molossdrum finibus, 
vetustissimo Jovis oractlo inclyta. Columbe ibi ex 
arboribus oractla dedisse narrantur; quercusque ipsas 
et lebétes zneos inde suspensos dedrum voluntatem 
tinnitu significasse > fama est. 

27. Acheloi fluvil ostiis © instil aliquot objacent, quar 
rum maxima est Cephallenia. Multz preterea instile 
littdric Hpiri adjacent, interque eas Corcyra, quam 
Homérus Scheriam appellasse existimatur.¢ In hae 
Pheacas posuit ille et hortos Alcinoi. Coloniam hue 
deduxérunt Corinthi, quoe tempore Numa Pompilius 
Rome regnavit. Vicina ei Ithaca, Ulyssis patria, as- 
péra montibus, sed Homeéri carminibus adeo nobilitata, 
ut ne fertilissfmis quidem regionibus cedat.f 

28. Thessalia laté patet inter Macedoniam et Epirum, 
foecunda regio, generosis preecipué equis excellens, unde 
Thessalorum equitatus celeberrimus. Montes ibi mem- 
orabiles Olympus, in quo dedrum sedes esse existima- 
tur,’ Pelion et Ossa, per quos gigantes coelum petivisse 
dicuntur;4 Cita denique, in cujus vertice Hercules, 
rogo conscensog se ipsum cremavit. Inter Ossam et 
Olympum Penéus, limpidissfmus amnis, delabitur, val- 
lem amcenissimam, Tempe vocatam, irrigans. 

29. Inter rel¥quas Greciz regiones nominis claritate! 
eminet Attica, que etiam Atthis vocatur. Ibi Athéna, 


GRAMMARS.— 308, 639.—© 399, r. iv.: S26, r. xxxii— 616, 
Z155.— 627, 1, lst—i 535, r. xxxiv.: SSQ, r. xlvii. 


Inroms.—> 97 1.—® 37, 2d, and Note. 104, 1.—* 123, 3. 











NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 163 


de qua urbe deos inter se certasse famaest. Certius est 
nullam unquam urbem tot poétas tulisse, tot oratores, tot 
philosdphos, totque in omni virtutis genére claros viros. 
Res autem bello €as> gessit, ut huic solic gloriz4 studére 
viderétur ; pacisque artesita excoluit, ut hac laude magis 
‘etiam quam belli gloria splendéret. Arx ibi sive Acro- 
polis urbi imminens, unde latus in mare prospectus pa- 
tet. Per propylea ad eam adscenditur,f splendidum Pe- 
riclis opus. Cum ipsa urbe per longos muros conjunctus 
est portus Pireeus, post bellum Persicum secundum a 
Themistécle munitus. Tutiss¥ma ibi statio® navium. 

30. Atticam attingit Beeotia, fertilissfma regio. Incé- 
le magis corporibus$ valent quam ingeniis. Urbs cele- 
berrima Thebe,e quas Amphion musices® ope mcenibus 
cinxisse dicitur. Illustraviteam Pindiri poéte ingenium, 
Epaminonde virtus. Mons¢ ibi Helicon, Musarum sedes, 
et Cithzron plurimis poétarum fabilis celebratus. 

31. Beeotiz Phocis finitima,e ubi Delphi urbs claris- 
sma. In qua urbe oractlum Apollinis quantam: apud 
omnes gentes auctoritatem habuérit, quot! quamque 
preclara muntra ex omni feré terrarum orbe Delphosj 
missa fuérint, nemo ignorat. Imminet urbi Parnassus 
mons, in cujus verticibus Mus habitare dicuntur, 
unde aqua fontis Castalii poétarum ingenia inflammdare 
existimatur.k 

32. Cum ea parte Greciz, quam hacténus descripsi- 
mus, coheret ingens peninsula, que Peloponnésus voca- 
tur, platéni folio! simillfma. Augustus ille trames inter 


~ Grammars.—é 403, r. v.: SSL, 1, xxxiii—e 308, 639.—# 535, r. 
xxxiv.: S89, r. xlvii— 62, 52.— 627,5: L182, vr. lxxxvii— 
553, r. xxxvil.: DSS, x. lvii—* 676, 1755.—' 382, 1. xvi.: S60, 
r. xl. 








Ipioms.—* 51, 2.—* 28, 1.—* 16, 4—f Sup. a hominibus ; and 67, 2 


8 


164 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


Afgeum mare et Ionium, per quem cum Megaride cohe- 
ret, Isthmus appellatur. In eo templum Neptini est, ad 
quod ludi celebrantur Isthmici. Ibidem in ipso Pelopon- 
nési aditu, Corinthus sita est, urbs antiquissima, ex cujus 
summa? arce, (Acrocorinthon > appellant,) utrumque 
mare conspicitur. Quum opibus floréret,¢ maritimisque 
valéret copiis, gravia bella gessit. In bello Achatco, quod 
Romani cum Grecis gessérunt, pulcherrima urbs, quam 
Cicéro Grecie lumen appellat, a L. Mummio expug- 
nata4 funditusque deleéta est. Restituit eam Julius 
Cesar, colonosque & ed milites veteranos misit. 

33. Nobilis est in Peloponnéso urbs Olympia templo 
Jovis Olympii ac statuaillustris. Statua‘ ex ebdre facta, 
Phidie summi artificis opus prestantissimum. Prope g 
illud templum ad Alphéi fluminis ripas ludi celebrantur 
Olympici, ad quos videndos! ex tota Grecia concurritur.! 
Ab his ludis Graca gens res gestas suas num¢rat. 

34. Nec Sparta pretereunda/ est, urbs nobilissima, 
quam Lycurgi leges, civiumque virtus et patientia illus- . 
travit.k Nulla feré gens bellicé laude! magis floruit, , 
pluresque viros fortes constantesque genuit. Urbi im- 
minet mons Taygétus, quim™ usque ad Arcadiam pro- 
currit. Proximé urbemg Eurotas fluvius delabitur, ad 
cujus ripas Spartani se exercére solébant. In sinum 
Laconicum effunditur. Haud procul inde abest pro- 
montorium Tenirum, ubi altissimi specus, per quos 
Orpheum ad inféros descendisse™ narrant. 

30. Mare Mgeum, inter? Greciam Asiamque patens, 





GRAMMARS.—> 74, 68.—* 631, 1244, r. xciv.—e 440, 7 15.—f 308, 
639.—® 611, (ad): 992,.—* 313, G44.—! 535, r. xxxiv.: S89, r. 
xlvii. 

Iproms.—* 17, 2.—4 115, 1.—» 112, 7.—i Sup. ab hominibus ; 67, 2.— 
1) OS Ween 3b 0, 1 soto anias 








NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 165 


plurimis instlis distinguitur. Illustres inter eas sunt 
Cyclides, sic appellate, quia in orbem jacent. Media ea- 
rum? est Delus, que repenté e mari enata esse dicitur. 
In eA insta Latona Apollinem et Dianam pepérit, que 
numina ibi und’ cum matre summa religidne coluntur. 
Urbi imminet Cynthus, mons excelsus et arduus. Ino- 
pus amnis pariter cum Nilo decrescére et augéri dicitur. 
Mercatus in Delo celeberrimus, quod ob portiis commod- 
itatem templique religionem mercatores ex toto orbe ter- 
rarum eo confluébant. Eandem ob causam civitates Gre- 
ciz, post secundum Persicum bellum, tributa ad belli 
usum in eam insitlam, tanquam in commune totius Gre- 
cle erarium, conferébant; quam pecuniam insequenti 
tempore Athenienses in suam urbem transtulérunt. 

36. Eubcea insula littorib Boeotiz et Attice pretend- 
itur, angusto freto a continenti distans. Terre motu a 
Boeotia avulsa esse creditur; szpitis eam concussam 
esse® constat. Fretum, quo a Grecia sejungitur, vo- 
catur Kuripus, sevum et sestudsum mare, quod con- 
tinuo motu agitatur. Nonnulli dicunt septies quovis 
die statis temporibus fluctus alterno motu agitari; alii 
hoc negant, dicentes, mare teméré in venti modum hue 
illue movéri. Sunt, qui narrent,4 Aristotélem philos- 
Ophum, quia hujus miracili causas investigare non pos- 
set,° egritudine confectum esse. 

37. Jam ad Boreales regidnes pergamus.f Supra Ma- 
cedoniam Thracia porrigitur a Ponto Kuxino usque ad 
Iilyriam. Regio frigida et in iis tanttm partrbus foecun- 
dior, que propridres sunt mari. Pomifére arbores rare ; 
frequentiores vites ; sed uvee non maturescunt, nisi frigus 
studidsé arcétur. Sola Thasus, instla littdri Thraciz 


GRAMMARS,—* 355, x.: 77H, rv. xix.—> 522, O75.—4 636, ri: 
1227.—* 656, 1291, r. ci— 171, 1: 1193, r. lxxxviii. 


Ipioms.—* 97, 1.—f 77, 7. 








166 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


adjicens, vine excellit. Amnes sunt celeberrimi He- 
brus, ad quem Orpheus a Menadibus discerptus esse 
dicitur, Nestus et Strymon. Montvs altissimi, Hemus, 
ex cujus vertice Pontus et Adria conspicitur; Rhoddpe 
et Orbelus. 

838. Plures Thraciam gentes incdlunt nominitbus di- 
verse et moribus. Inter has Getz omnium sunt fero- 
cissimi et ad mortem paratissimi.2 Animas enim post 
mortem redituras existimant. Recens nati apud eos 
deflentur; funéra autem cantu lustque celebrantur. 
Plures singtli» uxodres. habent. Hz omnes, viro de- 
functo, mactari simulque cum eo sepeliri cupiunt, mag- 
noque id certamine a judicibus® contendunt. Virgines 
non a parentibus traduntur viris, sed aut publicé du- 
cende 4 locantur, aut veneunt. Formdése in pretio sunt; 
cetérzee maritos mercéde data inveniunt. 

39. Inter urbes Thraciz memorabile est Byzantium, 
ad Bospdrum Thracium, urbs natira munita et arte, 
que, cium ob soli fertilitatem, tum ob vicinitatem ma- 
ris, omnium rerum, quas vita requirit, copia abundat. 
Nec Sestos praetereunda est silentio, urbs ad Hellespon- 
tum posita, quam amor Herts et Leandri memorabilem 
reddidit; nec Cynosséma, tumtilus Hectibe, ubi illa, 
post Trojam dirtitam,f in canem mutata et sepulta esse 
dicitur. Nomen etiam habet in iisdem regionrbus urbs 
AMnos, ab Ainéa e patria proftigo condita; Zone, ubi 
nemodra Orpheum canentem seciita esse narrantur; Ab- 
déra denique, ubi Diomédes rex advénas equis suis 
devorandos4 objiciébat, donec ipse ab Herctle iisdem 
objectus est. Ques urbs quum ranarum muriumque 
multitudine infestarétur, incdle, relicto» patriz solo, 
© 51, G37.—! 684, 1357. Rei 
Ip1oms.—> 26, 6.—4 107, 1—e 124, 8.—6 38, 1.— 104, 1. 











GRAMMARS.—* 386, S65. 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 167 


novas sedes quesiverunt. Hos Cassander, rex Mace- 
doniz, in societaitem accepisse, agrosque in extréma+ 
Macedonia assignasse dicitur. 

40. Jam de Scythis pauca dieenda sunt. Terminatur 
Scythia ab uno latére Ponto Kuxino, ab altéro montibus 
Rhipzis, a tergo Asia et Phaside flumine. Vasta regio 
nullis feré intus finibus dividitur. Scythe enim nec 
agrum exercent, nec certas sedes habent, sed armenta et 
pecdra pascentes per incultas solitudines errare solent. 
Uxores liberosque secum in plaustris vehunt. Lacte et 
melle vescuntur; aurum et argentum, cujus nullus apud 
eos usus est, aspernantur. Corpora pellibus» vestiunt. 

41. Diverse sunt Scytharum gentes, diversique mores. 
Sunt, qui funtra parentum festis sacrificiis celebrent,¢ 
eorumque capitibus4 affabré expolitis aurdque vinctis 
pro pocilis utantur. . Agathyrsi ora et corpora pingunt, 
idque® tanto* magis, quanto quis illustriorfbus gaudet 
majoribus. i, qui Tauricam Chersonésum incolunt, 
autiquissrmis temporibus advénas Diane mactabant. 
Interius habitantes cetérisf rudidres sunt. Bella amant, 
et quog quis plures hostes interemérit, e6% majore ex- 
istimatione apud suos' habétur. Ne foedéra quidem in- 
cruenta sunt. Sauciant se qui paciscuntur, sanguinem- 
que permistum degustant. Id fidei pignus certisstmum 
esse putant. 

42. Maxima fluminum Scythicdrum sunt Ister, qui et 
Danubius vocatur, et Borysthtnes. De Istro supra dic- 
tum est.' Borysthénes, ex ignotis fontibus ortus, liqui- 





* Tanto magis quanto quis : literally, “ more by so much as any one,” 


(Gr. 580, 9.36), i. e., ‘in proportion as,” &e. 

GramMMARS.— 514, r. xxxi.: 911, rv. 1—* 631, vr. i: L227, 
Obs, 6.—4 484, r.xxvi. SSO, r. xliv.— 223, 3: 453. 

TInioms.-—* 17 ].—4 7, 4.—* Sup. fuciunt— 6, 3.—8 22, 4, and 44, 7 
— 19, 3. 





168 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


dissimas aquas trahit et potitu® jucundas. Placidus 
idem letissima pabila alit. Magno spatio navigabiflis 
juxta urbem Borysthenida> in Pontum effunditur. 

43. Ultra Rhipzos mentes et Aquilonem gens habitare 
existimatur felicissima, Hyperboréos* appellant. Regio 
aprica,felix coeli temperies omnique afflatu4 noxio carens. 
Semel in anno sol iis oritur solstitio,e bruma semel occi- 
dit. Incdle in nemoribus et lucis habitant; sine omni 
discordia et egritudine vivunt. Quum vite £ eos taedet, 
epulis sumptiss ex rupe se in mare precipitant. Hoe 
enim sepultiire genus beatissimum esse existimant. 

44. Asia cetéris terre partibus est amplior. Oced- 
nus eam alluit, ut locis ita nominibus différens ; EKous 
ab oriente, a meridie Indicus, a septentridne Scythicus. 
Asiz nomine appellatur etiam peninsula, que a mari 
Aligeeo usque ad Armeniam patet. In hac parte est 
Bithynia ad Propontidem sita, ubi Granicus in mare 
effunditur, ad quem amnem Alexander, rex Macedo- 
niz, primam victoriam de Persis reportavit. ‘Trans 
illum amnem sita est Cyzicus in cervice peninsula, 
urbs nobilissima, a Cyzico appellata, qui in illis region- 
Ybus ab Argonautis pugna occisus est. Haud procul 
ab illa urbe Rhyndicus in mare effunditur, circa quem 
angues nascuntur, non solim ob magnitudinem mirabi- 
les, sed etiam ob id, quod, quum ex aqua emergunt et 
hiant, supervolantes aves absorbent. 

45. Propontis cum Ponto jungitur per Bospdrum,' 
quod fretum quinque stadiaj latum Eurdpamab Asiasep- 
rat. Ipsis* in fauctbus. Bospori oppidum est Chalcédon,! 





~ GRAMMARS.—* 16, -r. “xiv: 1865, r. cvii—? 90, 4: 127.— 
® 44).—4 480, r. xxv.: 9OZ, r. xlix—e* 565, r. xl: 949, vr. x 
£419, 805, r. xxvi— 545, 876.—j 573, vr. xlii.: OSS, rv. Lui. 

Tpioms.—* 114, 2.—* Sup. quam.—f 66, 5.—& 104, 1.—® 6, 3.—© 32, 
6.—! Szp. condita. 





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 169 


ab Argid, Megarensium principe, et templum Jovis, ab 
Jasone conditum. Pontus ipse ingens est maris sinus, 
non molli# neque arendso circumdatus littore, tempes- 
tatibus > obnoxius, raris stationibus.¢ Olim ob sevita- 
tem populdrum, qui circa habitant, Axtnus appellatus 
fuisse dicitur; postea, mollitis illorum moribus, dictus 
est Huxinus. 

46. In littdre Ponti, in Mariandynorum agro, urbs 
est Heracléa, ab Herctle, ut fertur, condita. Juxta 
eam spelunca est Acherusia, quam ad Manes perviam 
esse existimant.4 Hine Cerbérus ab Hercile extractus 
fuisse dicitur. Ultra fluvium Thermodonta Mossyni 
habitant. Hi totum corpus distinguunt notis. Reges 
suffragio elygunt; eosdem in turre lignea inclisos are- 
tissimé custodiunt, et, si quid perpéram imperitavérint,e 
inedia totius diéi afficiunt. Extrémum Ponti angtilum 
Colchi tenent ad Phasidem; que loca fabtla de vel- 
lére aureo et Argonautarum expeditio illustravit. 

47. Inter provincias Asie proprié dict illustris est 
Tonia, in duodécim civitates divisa. Inter eas est Milétus, 
belli pacisque artibus incl¥ta; eique vicinum Panionium, 
sacra regio, qué omnes ldnum civitates statis temporitbus 
legatos solebant mittére. Nulla facilé ¢ urbs plures colo- 
nias misit, quam Milétus. Ephési, quamf urbem Amazv- 
nes condidisse traduntur, templum est Diane, quod sep- 
tem mundi miractlis annumerari solet. Totius templi 
longitudo est quadringentdrum viginti quinque pedum,¢ 
latitudo ducentérum viginti; columne centumviginti sep- 
tem numéro, sexaginta pedum altitudine;} ex iis triginta 
sex celate. Opéri! prefuit ChersYphron architectus. 





GRAMMARS.—® 382, r. xvi.: SG6O, r. xl.—* 339, r. vii: T57, 
xvii— 305, 636.—* 305, 636.—2 591, 3d: 1003. — * 535, 
xxxiv.: SS9, r. xlvii—i 393, r.i.: 820, r. xxix. 


——__ 


Ly 
r 


Ipioms.—* 16, 6.—® 74, 6.—f 31, 4. 


170 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


48. Mdlis olim Mysia appellita,2 et, ubi Hellespon- 
tum attingit, Troas. Ibi Ilium fuit situm ad radices mon-- 
tis Ide, urbs bello, quod per decem annos cum universa 
Grecia gessit, clarissima. Ab Ideo monte Scamander 
defluit et Simdis, amnes fama quam natir& majores. 
‘Ipsum montem certamen dearum Paridisque judicium 
illustrem reddidit. In littdre clare sunt urbes Rhoetéum 
et Dardania; sed sepulcrum Ajacis, qui ibi post certa- 
men cum Ulysse gladio incubuit, utraque» clarius. 

49. lonibus¢ Cares sunt finitimi, poptlus armdrum 4 
bellique aded amans, ut aliéna etiam bella mercéde ac- 
cepta geréret.e Princeps Cariz urbs* Halicarnassus, 
Argivorum colonia, regum sedes olim. Unus edrum 
Mausolus fuit. Quif quum vitas defunctus esset, Ar- 
temisia conjux desiderio mariti flagrans, ossa ejus cin- 
eresque contusa cum aqua miscuit ebibitque, splendi- 
dumque preeterea sepulcrum exstruxit, quod inter sep- 
tem orbis terrarum miracila censétur. 

50. Cilicia sita est in intfmo recessu maris, bi Asia 
proprié sic dicta cum Syria conjungitur. Sinus ille ab 
urbe Isso Iss¥ci nomen habet. Fluvius ibi Cydnus aqua 
limpidissima et frigidissfma, in quo Alexander Macédo 
quum lavaret,' parum abfuit, quin frigdre enecarétur.i 
Antrum Corycium in iisdem regionibus ob singularem 
naturam memorabile est. Ingenti illud hiatu patet in 
monte arduo, alteéque demissum undique viret lucis pen. 
dentibus. Ubi ad ima* perventum est,! rursus aliud 
antrum aperitur. Ibi sonitus cymbalorum ingredientes* 
~ GRAMMARS.—# 308, G39.— 382,r. xvi.: S6O, vr. xl—4 349, r. ix. 
765, vr. xviii—* 627, 1, lst: Z220.—® 184, r. xxvi.: SSO, r. xliv 
—| 339, r. vii: 77, vr. xvi. —i 631, 1244, vr. xciv—i 627, 3 
1282, r. xcix. 

Ipioms.—> Sup. wrbe.—f 39, 1.— 19, 6, and 19, 1—! 67, 5. 








NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 171 


terrére dicitur. Totus hic specus augustus est et veré 
sacer, et a diis habitari existimatur. 

51. E Cilicia egressos® Syria excipit, cujus pars est 
Pheenice in litt6re maris interni positta. Hance regid- 
nem sollers hominum genus colit. Phoenices enim lit- 
terarum formas a se inventas aliis poptlis tradidérunt ; 
alias etiam artes, que ad navigationem et mercaturam 
spectant, studidsé coluérunt. Cetértm fertilis regio» 
crebrisque fluminibus rigata, quorum ope terre maris- 
que opes facili negotio inter se® permutantur. Nobi- 
lissime Pheenices urbes Sidon, antéquam a Persis cape- 
rétur, maritimarum urbium maxima; et Tyrus, aggére 
cum terra conjuncta. Purptra> hujus urbis omnium 
pretiosissima. Conficitur ille color ex succo in conchis, 
qu etiam purptire vocantur, latente. 

52. Ex Syria descenditur¢ in Arabiam, peninstilam 
inter duo maria, Rubrum et Persicum, porrectam. Hu- 
jus ea pars, que ab urbe Petra Petree nomen accépit, 
plané est sterilis; hanc excipit ea, que ob vastas solitu- 
dimes Deserta vocatur. His partibus adheret Arabia 
Felix, regio angusta, sed cinnimi,® thuris, aliorumque 
odorum feracissfma. Multze ibi gentes sunt, que fixas 
sedes non ‘habeant,’ Nomides a Gracis appellate. Lac- 
tes et carne ferinad vescuntur. Multi etiam Aribum 
populi latrociniis$ vivunt. Primus e Romanis Atlius 
Gallus in hance terram cum exercitu penetravit. 

53. Camelos inter armenta pascit Oriens. Duo harum 
sunt gentra, Bactriane et Arabie. Ile bina habent in 
dorso tubéra, he? singtla; unum autem sub pectire, cui 
incumbant. Dentium ordine' superidre carent. Sitim 








GRAMMARS.— 308, 689.—* 118,5: 1O19,— 349, r.ix.: fa) a ef Lak 
—f 644.—€ 484, r. xxvi.: SSO, r. xliv— 118, 3, 3d: Z028.— 
1 480, r. xxv.: 9O7,r. xlix. 


Ipioms,—* 19, 1.—4 67, 6 


Le , THE GEOGRAPHY ANB THE 


quatriduo tolérant; aquam, antéquam bibant,? pedibus 
turbant. Vivunt quinquageénis annis;> quedam etiam 
centénis. 

o4. Ex Arabia pervenitur in Babyloniam, cui Bab¥lon 
nomen dedit, Chaldaicarum gentium caput, urbs et mag- 
nitudine et divitiis clara. Semiramis eam condidérat, 
vel, ut multi credidérunt, Belus, cujus regia ostenditur. 
Murus exstructus laterctilo® coctili, triginta et duos 
pedes4 est latus, ita ut quadrige inter see occurentes 
sine perictlo commeare dicantur; altitudo ducentérum 
pedum; turres autem denis? pedibusf quam murus al- 
tiores sunt. Totius opéris ambitus sexaginta millia pas- 
suum complectitur. Mediam urbemg permeat Euphra- 
tes. Arcem habet viginti stadiorum) ambitu;' super ed 
pensiles horti conspiciuntur, tanteque sunt moles tam- 
que firme, ut onéra nemdrum sine detrimento ferant. 

oo. Amplissima Asie regioJ India primtm patefacta est 
armis Alexandri Magni, regis Macedoniz, cujus exem- 
plum successores secuti in interidrak Indiz penetraveé- 
runt. In eo tractu, quem Alexander subégit, quinque 
millia oppidorum fuisse,! gentesque novem, Indiamque 
tertiam partem esse™ terrarum omnium, ejus comi{tes 
scripserunt. Ingentes ibi sunt amnes, Indus et Indo. 
major Ganges. Indus in Paropamiso ortus undeviginti 
amnes recipit, totidem Ganges interque eos plures navy- 
igabrles. 

56. MaxYma in India gignuntur animalia. Canes ibi 
grandiores cetéris.. Arbores tante proceritatish esse tra- 
duntur, ut sagittis superjaci nequeant. Hoc efficit uber- 
—° 541.—4 573, r. xlii.: OSS, rv. lxii—e 118, 5: 1019.—! 579, r. 
xiii. : 929, 7. lv.— 613, r. li: 993, rv. Ixx.— 339, vr. vil: THF, 
Yr. Xvii— 535, r. xxxiv.: S89, rv. xlvii—i 251, r. i: 622. 


Iproms.—* 19, 6.—! 98, 2.—™ 96, 2.—" 6, 3. 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY, 175 


tas soli, temperies cceli, aqguarum abundantia. Immanes 
quoque serpentes alit, qui elephantos morsu et ambitu 
corporis conficiunt. Solum tam pingue et ferax, ut 
meila frondibus* defluant, sylve lanas ferant,> arun- 
dinum internodia fissa cymbarum usum prebeant, bi- 
nosque, quedam etiam ternos® homines, vehant. 

57. Incolarum habitus moresque diversi. Linoé alii 
vestiuntur et lanis arbdrum, alii ferarum aviumque pel- 
libus, pars nudie incédunt.f Quidam animalia occidére 
eorumque carnibus vesci nefasg putant; alii piscYbus 
tanttimaluntur. Quidam parentes et propinquos, prits 
quam annis et macie conficiantur," velut hostias cedunt 
eorumque visceribus! epulantur; ubisenectus eos mor- 
busve invadit, mortem in solitudine e#quo animo ex- 
spectant. li, qui sapientiam profitentur, ab ortu solis 
ad occasum stare solent, solem immobilibus ociilis intu- 
entes; ferventibus arénis} toto die* alternis pedibus! 
insistunt. Mortem non exspectant, sed sponte arces- 
sunt in rogos incensos se preecipitantes. 

58. Maximos India elephantos gignit, adedque ferdces, 
ut Afri elephanti illos paveant, nec contuéri audeant.> 
Hoc animal cetéra omnia docilitate superat. Discunt ar- 
ma jactre, gladiatorum more congrédi,saltare et per funes 
incedére. Plinius narrat, Rome unum segnidris ingenii™ 
seeplus castigatum esse verberibus, quia tardits" accipié- 
bat,que tradebantur; eundem repertum esse noctu eidem 
meditantem. HElephanti gregatim semper ingrediuntur. 
Ducit agmen maxYmus natu,° cogit is, qui etate ei est 





GRAMMARS.—* 613, r. lit: OOS, vr. Ixx.—> 627, 1, Ist.: 12220.~ 
4524, r.: LO075.—* 279, 67 9.— 316, vr. ii: GES, rv. iv.— 627, 4: 
1241,—' 485.—j 611, 992, (in)—* 565, r. xii: OSO, vr. Ixi—! 542, 
r, xxxv.: S73, vr. xlii—™ 339, r. vil: 757, r. xvii—* 113, 6, Note; 
224 3 and 535, SS9, vr. xlvii. 


Ipious.—* 26, 1.—8 51, 5. Sup. esse.-—* 22, 3. 


174 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


proximus. Amnem transitiri minimos premittunt. Ca- 
piuntur foveis. In has ubi eléphas decidérit,® cetéri ra- 
mos congérunt, aggéres construunt, omnique vi conan- 
tur extrahtre. Domantur fame et verberibus. Domfti 
militant et turres> armatorum in hostes ferunt, magna- 
que ex parte Orientis bella conficiunt. Totas acies pro- 
sternunt, armatos protérunt. Ingens dentibus¢ pretium. 
In Grecia ebur ad dedrum simulacra tanquam pretio- 
sisstma materia adhibétur ; in extrémis’ Afric postium 
vicem in domiciliis preebet, sepesque in pecdrum stabi- 
lis elephantdrum dentibus¢ fiunt. Inter omnia anima- 
liaf maximé odéruntg murem. Infestus elephanto etiam 
rhinocéros, qui nomen habet a cornu, quod in naso gerit. 
In pugn&é maximé adversarii alvum petit, quam scit 
esse mollidrem. Longitudine elephantum feré exe. 
quat; crura multo brevidra; color buxeus. 

09. Etiam Psitt&acos India mittit. Hee avis huma- 
nas voces optimé reddit. Quum loqui discit, ferreo 
radio verberatur, aliter enim non sentit ictus. Capiti® 
ejus etidem est duritia, que rostro.4 Quum devolat, 
rostro se excipit, eique innititur. 

60. Testudines tanta magnitudinis Indicum mare emit- 
tit, ut singularum testis! casas intégant.i Instilas* rubri 
precipué maris his navigant cymbis. Capiuntur obdor- 
miscentes in summa aqua, id! quod proditur stertentium 
sonitu. Tum terni adnitant, a dudbus in dorsum verti- 
tur, a tertio laqueus injicitur, atque ita a pluribus in lit- 
tdre stantYbus trahitur. In mari testudines conchyliis vi- 
vunt; tanta enim oris est duritia, ut lapides comminuanty3i 








GRAMMARS.—* 627,5: ZIS2, r. |xxxvii—> 361, r. xi: 776, r 
xx.—* 378, r. xv.: S7O, r. xli—e 541.—f 360, 775.—8 222, Obs. 2 
4£56.— 394, rv. ii.: S27, r, xxx.—i 514, r. xxxi.: 91, rv. 1—3i 627 
1, lst.: 1220.—* 553, OBS, r. lvii. 


Ipioms.—® Sup. plenas, full.—* 19, (partidus.)—! 31, 9, Note 3. 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. Ho 


in terram egressz, herbis.2 Pariunt ova ovis avium 
similia, ad centéna» numéro; e&ique extra aquam de- 
fossa terra cooperiunt. 

61. Margarite Indici oceini omnium*® maximé lau- 
dantur.* Inveniuntur in conchis scoptlis adhzrentibus. 
Maxima laus est in candore, magnitudine, levore, pondé- 
re. Rard due inveniuntur, que sibi ex omni parte sint 
similes. Has aurYbus4 suspendére,! fentinarum est glo- 
ria. Duos maximos unidnes Cleopatra, Aigypti regina, 
habuisse dicitur. Horum unum, ut Antonium magnifi- 
centid superaret,f in coen& acéto solvit, solitum hausit. 

62. Aegyptus, inter Catabathmum et Ardbas posita, 
a plurYmis ad Asiam refertur; alii Asiam Arabico sinu 
terminari existfmant. Hec regio, quanquam expers& 
est imbrium, miré tamen est fertilis. Hoc Nilus efficit, 
omnium fluvidrum, qui in mare internum effunduntur, 
maximus. Hic in desertis Africe oritur, tum Atthio- 
pid descendit in. Agyptum, ubi de altis ruprbus pre- 
cipitatus usque ad Elephantidem urbem fervens adhuc 
decurrit. Tum demum fit placidior. Juxta Cercaso- 
yum oppidum in plures amnes dividitur, et tandem per 
septem ora effunditur in mare. 

63. Nilus, nivibus in Aithiopiz montibus solitis, cres- 
cére incipit Luna nova post solstitium per quinquaginta 
feré dies; totYdem diébus minuitur. Justum inecrementum 
estcubitdrum® sedécim. Si minores sunt aque,non omnia 
rigant. Maximum incrementum fuit cubitorum® duodevi- 
ginti; minimum quinque. Quum stetére aque, aggéres 
aperiuntur, et arte aqua in agros immittitur. Quum om- 
his recessérit,' agri irrigati et limo obducti ser untur. 


GRAMMARS.—* 485, 6.39, Obs. 4. (vivunt.) —» 107, 11: 209.— _ 
° 600, S7O, vr. xli—4 501, r. xxix.: SSS, vr. xxxix.—* 660, r. lvi:: 
Z1I47, v. \xxxii—f 627, 1, 2d: 1207.—s 361, r. xi: 776, vt. xx, 
—b 339, rvii.: TO7, Vr. Xvi. : 





Totoy.— 74, 6, 


176 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


64. Nilus crocodilum alit, belluam quadrupédem, in 
terra non mints quam in flumine hominibus infestam. 
Unum hoe animal terrestre lingue usu@ caret; den- 
tium plures habet ordines; maxilla inferior est immo- 
bilis. Magnitudine exceédit plerumque duodeviginti 
eubita. Parit Ova anserinis» non majora.. Unguibus 
etiam armatus est, et cute contra omnes ictus invicta. 
Dies in terra agit, noctes in aqua. Quum satur est, et 
in littdre somnum capit ore hiante, trochilus, parva 
avis, dentes ei¢ faucesque purgat. Sed hiantem conspi- 
caitus ichneumon, per easdem fauces ut telum aliquod 
immissus, erddit alvum. Hebétes octlos dicitur habére 
in aqua, extra aqguam acerrimos. Tentyrite in insula 
Nili habitantes, dirze huic bellue 4 obviam ire audent, 
eamque incredibili audacia expugnant. 

65. Aliam etiam belluam Nilus alit, hippopotimum; 
ungulis¢ binis, dorso® equi et juba et hinnitu; rostro 
resimo, cauda et dentibus aprorum. Cutis impenetra- 
bilis, preeterquam si humdre madeat.f Primus hippo- 
potimum et quinque crocodilos M. Scaurus edilitatis 
suz ludis¢ Rome ostendit. 

66. Multain Agypto mira sunt et artis et nattre opé- 
ra. Inter ea, qiz manibus hominum facta sunt, eminent 
pyramides, quarum maxime sunt et celeberrime in mon- 
te sterili inter Memphin oppidum et eam partem Agypti, 
que Delta vocatur. Amplissimam earum trecenta sexa- 
ginta sex hominum} millia annis viginti extruxisse tra- 
duntur. Hee octo jugéra soli occtipat ; unumquodque 
latus octingentos octoginta tres pedes! longum est; alti- 


— 


GRAMMARS.—* 480, r. xxv.: 9O7, r. xlix.—> 337, 756.—* 380, 
87 1.—4 600, rv. xlvii.: S7O, rv. xli—* 339, r. vii: 757, vr. XVI— 
£ 627, 1, 2d: 1265.—® 565, r. xl: O49, rv. Ix — 355, 7. x.: 77H, 
r. xix.—' 573, r. xlii.: DSS, r. lxii. 














Ipiom.—® 19, (ovis, 6, 3.) 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 177 


tido a cacumine pedum® quindécim millium. Intus in 
ei est puteus octoginta sex cubitorum.? Ante has py- 
ramides Sphinx est posita mire magnitudinis.* Capitis 
ambitus centum duos pedes habet; longitudo est pedum 
centum quadraginta trium; altitudo a ventre usque ad 
summum capitis apicem sexaginta dudrum. 

67. Inter miractla Agypti commemoratur etiam Mee- 
ris lacus, quingenta milla» passuum in circuitu patens ; 
Labyrinthus ter mille domos et regias duodécim uno 
pariéte amplexus, totus marmore® exstructus tectus- 
que; turris denique in insula Pharo, a Ptolemeo, Lagi 
filio, condita. Usus4 ejus navibus® noctu ignes osten- 
dére ad prenuntianda’ vada porttisque introitum. 

68. In palustribus Agypti regionibus papyrum nasci- 
tur. Radicibus incdle pro ligno utuntur; ex ipso autem 
papyro navigia texunt, e libro vela, tegétes, vestem ac 
funes. Succi causa etiam mandunt modo crudum modd 
decoctum. Preparantur ex eo etiam chart. Chart ex 
papyro usus post Alexandridemum victorias repertus est. 
Priméenim scriptums in palmarum foliis, deinde in libris 
quarundam arborum; postea publica monimenta plumbe- 
is tabiilis® vonfYci, aut marmoribus! mandari ccepta sunt. 
Tandem emulatio rezum Ptolemei et Huménis in biblio- 
thécis condendis occasidnem dedit membranas Pergimi 
inveniendi. Ab eo inde tempore libri moddi in charta 
ex pipyro facta, modd in membranis scripti sunt. 

69. Mores incolarum Agypti ab alidrum populérum 
moribus vehementer discrépant. Mortuos nee cremant, 
nec sepeliunt; vertim arte medicatos intra penetralia col- 





GRAMMARS.—* 339, r, vii: 757, vr. XVii— 573, r. xiii: DIS, vr 
txii—e 541—4 308, 659.—e 501, r. xxix.: S55, r. xxxix.—* 611, 


in.): 992.—i 522, LOTS. 





Iptoms.—f 112, 7.—€ 67, & Sup. est—i 124, 12. 


178 THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


lécant. Negotia extra domos femYne, viri domos et res 
domesticas curant; onéra ille huméris, hi capitbus ge- 
runt. Colunt effigies multorum animalium et ipsa ani- 
malia. Hee interfecisse® capitale est; morbo exstincta 
lugent et sepeliunt. 

70. Apisomnium Adgypti populdrum numen est; bos 
nigér cum candida in dextro latére mactla; nodus sub 
lingua, quem canthirum appellant. Non fas est eum 
certos vite annos excedére. Ad hune vite terminum 
quum pervenérit, mersum in fonte enécant. Necatum 
lugent, aliumque querunt, quem ei substituant;> nec 
tamen unquam diu queritur. Delubra ei sunt gemina, 
que thalimos vocant, ubi poptlus auguria captat. Al- 
térum © intrasse2* letum est; in altéro dira portendit. 
Pro bono etiam habétur signo, sie manYbus consulen- 
tium cibum ¢apit. In publicum procedentem grex 
puerdrum comitatur, carmenque in ejus hondrem ¢a- 
nunt,4 idque vidétur intelligére. 

71. Ultra Heyptum Athidpes habitant. Horum pop- 
tli quidam Macrobii vocantur, quia pauld quam nos diu- 
tits vivunt. Plus auri¢ apud eos reperitur, quam eris; 
hane ob causam es illis vidétur pretiosius. dire se ex- 
ornant, vinctla aurof fabricant. Lacus est apud eos, 
cujus aqua tam est liquida atque levis, ut nihil edrum, 
que immittuntur, sustinére queat; quare arbdrum quo- 
que folia non innittant aque, sed pessum aguntur. 

72. Africa ab oriente terminatur Nilo; a cettris parti- 
bus mari. Regidnes ad mare posite eximié sunt fertiles ; 
interidres incultz et arénis sterilibus tecte, et ob nimium 





* (Apim, ) intrasse alterum, ‘‘for Apis to have gntered the one,” letw est. 
GRAMMARS.—* 660, r. lvii: 2747, vr. Ixxxii. —> 630, 1206.~ 
317 G49,.—* 343, r. viii.: SGO, rv. xl—f 541. 


Se eee 





Ip1om.—* 19, (thalamwm.) 


ry 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 179 


caldrem deserta. Prima pars ab occidente est Maurita- 
nia. Ibi mons prealtus Abyla, Calpe monti in Hispania 
oppositus. Hi montes columne Hercitilis appellantur. 
Fama est, ante Herctlem mare internum terris incli- 
sum fuisse, nec exitum habuisse in Ocedanum; Herctlem 
autem junctods montes diremisse et mare ‘jJunxisse cum 
OQceino. Cetérim regio illa est ignobilis et parvis tan- 
tum oppidis habitatur. Solum melius quam incdle. 

73. Numidia magis culta et opulentior. Ibi satis 

‘longo a littdre intervallo saxa cernuntur attrita fluctt- 
bus, spine -piscium, ostreorumque fragmenta, ancore 
etiam cautibus infixe, et alia ejusmddi signa maris olim 
usque ad ea loca effusi. Finitima regio, a promontorio 
Metagonio ad aras Philenorum, proprié vocatur Africa. 
Urbes in e celeberrime Utica et Carthago, ambe a 
Pheenicibus condite. Carthaginem divitiz, mercatira 
imprimis comparate, tum bella cum Romanis gesta, 
excidium denique illustravit.@ . 

74. De aris Philenorum hee narrantur. Pertinacis- 
sima fuérat contentio inter Carthaginem et Cyrénas de 
finibus. ‘Tandem placuit,» utrinque eddem tempore juve 
nes mitti, et locum, qué convenissent, pro fintbus habéri. 
Carthaginiensium legati, Phileeni fratres, pauld ante tem, 
pus constitutum egressi esse dicuntur. Quod quum Cyre. 
nensium legati intellexissent, magnaque exorta esset con- 
tentio, tandem Cyrenenses dixérunt, se tum demum hune 
locum pro finybus habitiiros esse, si Phileeni se ibi vivos 
obrui passi essent. Illi conditidnem accepérunt. Car. 
thaginienses autem animosis juvenibus in illis ipsis lo. 
cis, ubi vivi sepulti sunt, aras consecravérunt, eorum. 
que virtutem eternis honoribus proseciti sunt. 


— —————— 


GRAMMAR.—* 313, G44. 





Ipiom.—> 51, 5. Sup. illis, 80, 2. 


0° THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE 


75. Inde ad Catabathmum Cyrenaica porrigitur, ubi 
Amménis oractlum et fons quidam, quem Solis esse 
dicunt. Hic fons media nocte fervet,» tum paulatim te- 
pescit; sole oriente fit frigidus; per meridiem maximé 
riget. Catabathmus yallis est devexa versts Agyptum. 
Ibi finitur Africa. Proximi his popiali urbes non habent, 
-sed in tuguriis vivunt, que mapalia vocantur. Vulgus 
pectidum vestitur pellibus.c Potus est lac succusque 
bacecarum; cibus caro. Interidres etiam incultiis vi- 
vunt. Sequuntur greges suos, utque hi pabtlo ducun- 
tur, ita illi tuguria sua promovent. Leges nullas habent, 
nec in commiine consultant. Inter hos Troglodyte in 

_ spectibus habitant, serpentibusque aluntur. 

76. Ferarum Africa feracissima. Pardos, panthéras, 
lednes gignit, quod belluarum genus Europa ignorat. 
Leoni‘ precipua generositas. Prostratis parcére dict- 
tur; in infantes nonnYsi summa fame sevit. Animi 
ejus indexe cauda, quam, dum placidus est, immdtam 
servat; dum irascYtur, terram et se ipsum‘ ea flagellat. 
Vise summa in pectire. Si fugére cogitur, contemptim 
cedit, quam diu spectari potest; in silvis acerrimo cursu 
fertur.g Vulneratus percussdrem novit,) et in quanta- 

Yhet multitudine appétit. Hoc tam sevum animal gal- 
linacei cantus terret. Doméatur etiam ab hominibus. 
Hanno Peenus primus leonem mansuefactum ostendisse 
dicitur. Marcus autem Antonius triumvir primus, post 
pugnaim in campis PhilippYcis, Rome leones ad currum 
junxit. 

77. Struthiocameli Africi altitudinem equitis equoi 








— 


GRAMMARS.—* 319, r.: G66, r. vi. Sup. fontem.— 157, 1: LOST. 
— 524, rv.: 1075, v. xxiv. 394, vr. ii.: SOL, r. xxx.—* 308, 
639.— 399, r. iv.: S26, rv. xxxii. 


Inioms.—f 33, 1.—® 116, 3.— 84, 3. 


NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY. 18t 


insidentis exequant, celeritatem vincunt. Penne ad 
hoc demum videntur datz, ut currentes adjitvent; nam 
a terra tolli non possunt. Ungtle cervinis® sunt sim. 
iles. His in fuga comprehendunt laprdes, eosque con- 
tra sequentes jaculantur. Omnia concdquunt. Ceté- 
rim magna lis» stoliditas, ita ut, qaum caput et collum 
frutice occultaytrint, se latére existiment.c Penne 
edrum queruntur ad ornatum. 

78. Africa serpentes genérat vicénfiim4 cubitdrum ;e 
nec minores India. Certé Megasthénes scribit, serpen- 
tes ibi in tantam magnitudinem adolesctre, ut solidos 
hauriant cervos taurosque. In primo Punico bello ad 
flumen Bagriidam serpens centum viginti pedum®é a 
Regio, imperatdre Romano, ballistis et tormentis ex- 
pugnata esse fertur. Pellis ejus et maxille diu Rome 
in templo quodam asservate sunt. In India serpentes 
perpetuum bellum cum elephantis gerunt. Ex arbori- 
bus se in preetereuntes! precipitant gressusque ligant 
nodis. Hos nodos elephanti manu resolvunt. At dra- 
cones in ipsas$ elephantorum nares caput condunt spi- 
ritumque preclidunt; plertimque in illa dimicatidne 
utrique commoriuntur, dum victus eléphas corruens' 
serpentem pondére suo elidit. 








GRAMMARS.— 337, 756.—> 394, vr. ii: SVT, vr. xxx.—¢ 627, 1 
Ast: 1220.—* 339, r. vii.: 757, vr. xvi—* 688, 1350, r. cv. 





Ipioms.— 18, (ungulis)—4 26, 1 f 101, 1, (dlos)—e 32, 6. 


‘Se | 


fa 


Pe etl s- 





DICTIONAEY. 





EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS. 





ad). adjective. Vie from. obsol. obsolete. 
adv adverb. freq. frequentative. | ord. ordinal. 
app. appendix. me. inceptive. part. participle. 
c. common gender. | id. indeclinable. pass. passive. 
con). conjunction. ump. impersonal. pl. plural. 
compar comparative. int. interjection. prep. preposition. 
d. doubtful gender. | intr. intransitive, pret. preteritive. 
def. defective ur. irregular. pro. pronoun. 
dep. deponent. mM. masculine. rel. relative. 
dim diminutive. n. neuter. subs. _. substantive, 
dis. distributive. neut. pass. neuter passive. | sup. superlative. 
ve feminine num. numeral. tr. transitive. 


comp. compared regularly as directed, § 25, 276. 
id. derived from the same word as the preceding. 
Numbersin Roman figures alone refer to paragraphs in Bullions’s Latin Grammar 
§, with a number in Roman figures, refers to the section of that number in Bul 


lions's Latin Grammar. 


Numbers in heavy-faced figures refer to paragraphs in Bullions & Morris's Latin 


Grammar. 


Id. (Idioms) refers to the Introduction, in this work, concerning Latin idioms. 

x*, Words marked m. f.n.e.d., denoting gender, are nowns, and their declension is 
known by the ending of the genitive, placed next after the word, according to § 8, £4. 

Words conjugated are verbs, and their conjugation is known by the vowel before 7e 
in the infinitive, according to 184, 3, 271. 





A.. an abbreviation of Aulus. 
A, ab, abs, prep. from, by,(abl.) 


ab oriente, on the east: a| 


meridie, on the south. 

Abdéra, x, f. @ maritime town 
of Thrace. 

Abditus, a, um, part. & adj. 
removed; hidden; conceal- 
ed, secret; from 

Abdo, abdére, abdidi, abdi- 
tum, tr. (ab & do,) to re- 
move from view; to hide; 
to conceal. 

Abdico, abducére, abduxi, 
abductum, tr. (ab & duco,) 
tu lead away. 

Abductus, a, um, part. (abdi- 
co ) 


Abeo, abire, abu, abitum, intr. | 





irr. (ab & e0,) to go away; 
to depart. 

Aberro, are, avi, atum, intr. 
(ab & erro,) to stray; to 
wander ; to lose the way. 

Abjectus, a, um, part. from 

Abjicio, abjicére, abjéci, abjec- 
tum, tr. (ab & jacio,) to 
cast from; to cast away; 
to throw aside. 

Abluo, ére, i, tum, tr. (ab & 
luo,) to wash from, or away; 
to wash ; to purify. 

Abrumpo, abrumpére, abripi, 
abruptum, tr. (ab & rum- 
po.) to break off; to break. 

Absecindo, abseindére, abseidi, 
abseissum, tr. (ab & scin- 


do,) to. cut off: 


18+ 


Absens, tis, part. (absum § 54, 
Obs. 3,) absent. 280. 
Absolvo, absolvére, absolvi, 
absolitum, tr. (ab & solvo,) 
to loose from; to loose; to 
release. 

Absorbeo, absorbére, absorbui 
& absorpsi, tr. (ab & sor- 
beo,) to suck in from, (viz: 


ABSENS—ACCIPIO. 


to boil, and hence) to over- 
flow; to abound. 

Abyla, «, f. Abyla; a moun- 
tain in Africa, at the en- 
trance of the Mediterranean 
sea, opposite to mount Calpe 
in Spain. These moun- 
tains were anciently called 


the Pillars of Hercules. 


an object;) to absorb, or| Ac, atque, conj. and; as; than. 


suck in; to swallow. 

Absterreo, Gre, ui, itum, tr. 
(abs & terreo,) to frighten 
away; to deter. 

Abstinentia, a, f. abstinence ; 
disinterestedness ; freedom 
from avarice; from 

Abstineo, abstinére, abstinui, 
tr. (abs & teneo, § 81,) to 
keep from, to abstain, 

Absum, abesse, abfui, intr. irr. 
(ab & sum,} (to be from, 
viz: a place, i. e.) to be ab- 
sent, or distant ; to be gone; 
parum abesse, to want but 
little; to be near. 

Absiimo, absumére, absumpsi, 
absumptum, tr. (ab & su- 
mo,) to take away; to con- 
sume ; to destroy; to waste. 

Absumptus, a, um, part. (ab- 
sumo. 1 

Absurdus, a, um, adj. (ab & 
surdus, deaf; senseless ;) 
harsh; grating; hence 
senseless ; absurd. 

Abundantia, ze, f. plenty ‘ys abun- 
dance; from 

Abundo, are, Avi, atum, intr. 
(ab & unde, torise in waves, 








Acca, «, f. Acca Laurentia, 
the wife of Faustulus, and 
nurse of Romulus and Re- 
mus. 

Accédo, accedére, accessi, ac- 
cessum, intr. (ad & cedo,) 
to move near to; to draw 
near; to approach; to ad- 
vance; to engage in; to 
undertake. 

Accendo, accendére, accendi, 
accensum, tr. (ad & can- 
deo,) to set on fire. 

Accensus, a, um, part. (accen- 
do,) set on fire; kindled; 
lighted ; inflamed ; burning. 

Acceptus, a, um, part. (accip- 
i0.) 

Accessus, fis, m. (accédo,) ap- 
proach : access ; accession. 

Accido, accidére, accidi, intr. 
(ad & cado,) to fall down 
at, or before: accidit, imp. 
it happens, or wt hap- 
pened. 

Accipio, accipére, accépi, ac- 
ceptum, tr. (ad & capio, 
Gr. 215, 5, 2d.) to take ; to 
receive; to learn; to hear; 
to understand; to accept: 


ACCIPITER—ADAMO. 


accipére finem, to come to 
anend; to terminate. 605. 

Accipiter, tris, m. a hawk. 

Accumbo, accumbére, accu- 
bui, intr. (ad.& cubo, 375) 
to sit or recline at table. 

Accurate, ady. (its, issime) 
(accuratus, ad & curo,) ae- 
curately ; carefully. 

Accurro, accurrére, accurri o7 
accucurri, intr.(ad & curro, ) 
to run to. 

Acciiso, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 
& causor, to allege, from 
causa,) to accuse ; to blame ; 
to find fault with. 

Acer, cris, cre, adj. (acrior; 

~ acerrimus,) sharp; sour; 
eager; vehement; rapid; 
courageous ; fierce ; violent ; 
acute; keen; piercing.” 

Acerbus, a, um, adj. comp. 
sour; unripe; vexatious ; 
harsh; morose; disagree- 
ble; from acer. 

Acerrime, adv. sup. See Acri- 
ter. 

Acervus, i, m. a heap. 

Acétum, i, n. vinegar. 

Achaicus, a, um, adj. Achean, 
Grecian. 

Achelous, i, m. a river of Epi- 
rus. 

Acherusia, «, f. a lake in 
Campania; also, a cave in 
Bithynia. 

Achilles, is & eos, m. (§ 15, 
136,) the son of Peleus and 


Thetis, and the bravest of 


the Grecian chiefs, at the 
stege of Troy. 


185 


| Acidus, a, um, adj. 
| sour; sharp; acid. 

Acies, €, f. an edge; aline of 
soldiers; an army in battle 
array; a squadron; a 
rank; an army; a battle. 

Acinus, i, m. a berry; a grape- 
stone. 

Acriter, acrius, accerrime, adv. 
(from acer) sharply ; ardent- 
ly; fiercely; courageously. 

Acroceraunia, orum,n. pl. (§18, 
178,) lofty mountains be- 
tween Albania and Epirus. 

Acrocorinthos, i, f. (Gr. 74,) 

| the citadel of Corinth. 68. 
Acropolis, is, f. the citadel of 


comp, 


Athens. 
Actio, Onis, f. (from ago,) an 
action ; operation ; aprocess. 
Actium, i, n. a@ promontory of 
Epirus, famous for a naval 
victory of Augustus over 
Anthony and Cleopatra. 

Actus, a, um, part. (ago,) 
driven; led. 

Aculeus, i, m. (acuo) @ sting; 
a thorn; a prickle; a por- 
cupine’s quill. 

Aciimen, inis, n, (from acuo,) 
acuteness ; persprcacity. 

Acus, tis, f. (acuo) a needle, 

Ad, prep. to; near; at; to- 

‘ wards: with a numeral, 
about. In composition, see 
Gr. 237, 239; 476, 486. 

Adamas, antis, m. adamant; a 

diamond. 

| Adamo, are, Avi, datum, tr. (ad 
& amo,) to love greatly, or 
desperately. 


136 


Addico, dicére, dixi, dictum, 
tr. (ad & dico,) to adjudge ; 
assign; make over. 

Additus, a, um, part. from 

Addo, addére, addidi, additum, 
tr. (ad & do,) to put a 
thing close to another; i. e. 
to add; to annex; to ap- 
point; to give. 

Addiico, adducére, adduxi, ad- 
ductum, tr. (ad & duco,) to 
lead; to bring: in ‘dubita- 
tidnem, to bring into ques- 
tion. 

Ademptus, a, um, part. (adi- 
mo. 

Aded, adv. so; therefore; so 
much; to such adegree; so 
very. 

Adeo, adire, adii, aditum, intr. 
irr. (ad & e0,) to go to. 
§ 83, 3. 413. 

Adherens, tis, part. from 

Adhereo, herére, hesi, he- 
sum, (ad & hereo,) to stick 
to; to adhere; to adjoin; 
to lie contiguous. 

Adherbal, alis, m. aking of 
Numidia, put to death by 
his cousin Jugurtha. 

Adhibeo, adhibére, adhibui, 
adhibitum, tr. (ad & ha- 
beo,) to hold forth; to ad- 
mit; to apply; to use; to 
employ. 

Adhue, adv. (ad & huc) hither- 
to; yet; as yet; still. 

Adimo, adimére, adémi, ad- 
emptum, tr. (ad & emo,) to 
take away. 

Adipiscor, adipisci, 








adeptus | 


ADDICO—ADMONITUS. 


sum, dep. (ad &apiscor) to 
reach; to attain; to over- 
take; to get. 

Aditus, tis, m. (adeo,) a going 
to; entrance; access; ap- 
proach. 

Adjaceo, ére, ui, itum, intr. (ad 
& jaceo,) to le near; to 
adjoin; to border upon. 

Adjungo, adjungére, adjunxi, 
adjunctum, tr.(ad & jungo,) 
to join to; to unite with. 

Adjitus, a, um, part. from 

Adjiivo, adjuvare, adjiivi, ad- 
jitum, tr. (ad & juvo,) to 
assist ; to help; to aid. 

Admétus, i, m. a king of 
Thessaly. 

Administer, tri, m. a@ servant; 
an assistant. 

Administro, are, Avi, atum, tr. 
(ad & ministro,) to admin- 
aster ; to manage. 

Admiratio, onis, f. (admiror,) 
admiration. 

Admiratus, a, um, part. from 

Admiror, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
to admire. 

Admissus, a, um, part. from 

Admitto, admittére, admisi, 
admissum, tr. (ad & mit- 
to,) to admit; to allow; to 
receive. 

Admédum, adv. (ad & modus,) 
very; much; greatly. 

Admoneo, ére, ui, itum, tr. 
(ad & moneo,) to put in 


mind; to admonish; to 
warn. 

Admonitus, a, um, part, (ad- 
moneo.) 


ADMOVEO—ADVERSUS. 


Admoveo, admovére, admdvi, 
admotum, tr. (ad & moveo) 
to move to; to bring to. 

Adnato, dre, avi, datum, intr. 
freq. (ad & nato, from no,) 
to swim to. 

Adolescens, tis, adj. (adoles- 
co,) (compar. ior, § 26, 6,) 
young: subs. a young man 
or woman; a youth. 

Adolescentia, «, f. (the state 
or time of youth;) youth; a 
youth; from 

Adolesco, adolescére, adolévi, 
adultum, intr. inc. (227, 2) 
to grow, to increase; to 
grow up. 588. 

Adopto, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 
& opto,) to choose to or for 
one’s self; i.e. to adopt ; to 
take for a son; to assume. 

Adorior, oriri, ortus sum, tr. 
dep. (ad & orior,) fo rise or 
go to; (hence.) to attack; 
to accost; to address, to un- 
dertake. 

Adria, «, m. the Adriatic sea. 

Adriaticus, a, um, adj. Adri- 
atic: mare Adriaticum, the 
Adriatic sea; now, the gulf 
of Venice. 

Adscendo, see Ascendo. 

Adséquor, see Asséquor. 

Adservo, see Asservo. 

Adsigno, see Assigno. 

Adsisto, or assisto, sistére, 
stiti, intr. (ad & sisto,) to 
stand by; to assist ; to help. 

Adspectiirus, a, um, part. (as- 
picio.) 

Adspergo, or aspergo, gére, 


187 


si, sum, tr. (ad & spargo,} 
to sprinkle. 

Adspicio, or aspicio, spicére, 
spexi, spectum, tr. (ad & 
specio,) to look at; see; re- 
gard; behold. 

Adstans, tis, part.; from 

Adsto, or asto, stare, stiti, intr. 
(ad & sto,) to stand by; to 
be near. 

Adsum, adesse, adfui, intr. irr. 
(ad & sum,) to be present ; 
to aid; to assist. 

Adulator, dris, m. (adilor,) @ 
flatterer. 

Aduncus, a, um, adj. (ad & 
uncus,) bent; crooked. 

Advectus, a, um, part. from 

Advého, advehére, advexi, ad- 
vectum, tr (ad & veho,) to 
carry; to convey. 

Advéna, x, c. (advenio,) @ 
stranger. 

Adveniens, tis, part. from . 

Advenio, advenire, advéni, ad- 
ventum, intr. (ad & venio,) 
to arrive; to come. 

Adventus, is, m. (from adve- 
nio,) an arrival; a coming. 

Adversarius, i, m. (adversor, 
to oppose,) an adversary; 
an enemy. 

Adversus, a, um, adj. (adver- 
to, to turn to,) tu®ned to- 
wards ; adverse; opposite ; 
unfavorable; bad; front- 
ing; adversa cicatrix, @ 
scar in front: adverso cor- 
pore, on the breast. 

Adversis & adversiim, prep. 
(id.) against; toward. 


188 


Advoco, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 
& voco,) to call for, or to ; 
to call; to summon. 

Advolo, are, Avi, atum, intr. 
(ad & volo,) to fly to. 

/Edifico, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(zdes, a house ; & facio,) 
to build. 

JEdilis, is, m. (edes) an edile ; 
a magistrate who had charge 
of the public buildings. 

JEdilitas, atis, f. (aedilis,) the 
office of an edile ; edileship. 

/Edilitius, (vir,) i, m. one who 
has been an edile. 

/Egeus, a, um, adj. Agean ; 
/Egeum mare, the digean 
sea, lying between Greece 
and Asia Minor ; now called 
the Archipelago. 

Eger, ra, rum, adj. (egrior,) 
egerrimus,) sick, weak, in- 
Jjirm; diseased. 

/Eigré, adv. (zger,) grievous- 
ly; with difficulty. 

ZEgritiido, inis, f. (2ger,) sor- 
row; grief. 

Aigyptus, i. f. (45, 2,) 33; 
igypt. 

/Elius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family. 

/Emilius, i, m. the name of sev- 
eral noble Romans of the 
gens Aimilia, or Hmilian 
tribe. 

/Emulatio, dnis, f. (zmiilor,) 
emulation ; rivalry ; com- 
petition. 

/Emiilus, a, um, adj. emulous. 

/Emilus, 1, m. a rival ; a com- 
petitor. 


* ADVOCO—ZSTUOSUS. 


/Enéas, e,m. a Trojan prince, 
the son of Venus and An- 
chises. 

/Eneus, a, um, adj. (es,) bra- 
zen. 

4tinos, i, f. (74,) a@ town tn 
Thrace, at the mouth of the 
Hebrus, named ajter its 
founder, dineas. 68. 

LHolis, idis, f. a country on the 
western coast of Asia Minor, 
between Troas and Ionia. 


JEqualis, e, adj. (aquus,) 
equal. 

/Equaliter, adv. (zqualis,) 
equally. 


Equitas, atis, f. equity; jus- 
tice; moderation ; from 
Equus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
equal: eequus animus, or 
equa mens, equanimity. 

Aér, is, m. the air; the atmos- 
phere. 

/Erarium, i, n. the treasury; 
from 

Es, eris, n. brass; money. 

/Eschylus, i, m. a celebrated 
Greek traqie poet. 

/Esculapius, i, m. the son of 
Apollo, and god of medicine. 

Estas, atis, f. (aestus,) semmer. 

/Estimandus, a, um, part. fo 
be esteemed, prized; or re- 
garded; from 

LE stimo, are, avi, atum, tr. fo 
esteem ; to value ; to regard ; 
to judge of , to estimate. 

JEstuo, are, Avi, datum, ints. 
(zestus,) to be very hot; to 
boil. 

Astudsus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 


ZESTUS—AGGER. 


andulating; rising in 
surges; boiling; stormy ; 
turbulent. 


ZEstus, tis, m. heat. 

Etas, atis, f. (scil. aevitas, from 
cevum,) age. 

/Eternus, a, um, adj. (scil. geVi- 
ternus, id.) eternal ; tmmor- 
tal. 

ZEthiopia, «. f. Ethiopia, a 
country in Africa, lying on 
both sides of the equator. 

ZEthiops, 6pis, m. an LHthio- 
pian. 

/Etna, x, f. a volcanic moun- 
tain in Sicily. 

JEvum, i, n. time; an age. 

Afer, ra, rum, adj. of Africa. 

Affabré, adv. (ad & faber, an 
artist,) artfully ; ingenious- 
ly; curiously ; in ‘a work- 
manlike manner. 

Affectus, a, um, part. affected ; 
afflicted. 

Aff ro, afferre, atttli, allatum, 
tear. (ads: fero,)~ to 
bring; to carry. 

Afficio, ic@re, éci, ectum, tr. 
(ad & facio,) to affect: ine- 
dia, to affect with hunger ; 
i. e. to deprive of food: 
cladibus,: to overthrow: 
pass. to be affected: gaudio, 
to be affected with joy; to 
rejouce ; febri, to be attacked 
with a fever. 

Affigo, 
um, tr. (ad & figo,) to af- 
fix; to fasten; affigére cru- 
ci, to crucify. 


Affinis, e, adj. (ad & finis,) 


afficére, affixi, affix- | 


189 


/ neighboring ; 
hence, 
Affinis, is, e. a relation. 
Affirmo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(ad & firmo,) to affirm; to 
confirm. 
Affixus, a, um, part. (affigo.) 
Afflatus, ts, m. (afflo, to blow 
against:) a blast ; a breeze ; 
a gale; inspiration. 
Africa, #, f. Africa; also a 
part of the African conti- 
nent, lying east of Numid- 
ta, and west of Cyrene. 
Africanus, i, m. the agnomen 
of two of the Scipios, de- 
rived from their conquest of 
Africa, (887, 1538, 4.) 
Africus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Africa; African. Africus 
ventus, the southwest wind. 
Agamemnon, 6nis, m. a king 
of Mycene, the commander- 
er-in-chief of the Grecian 
Forces at the siege of Troy. 
Agathyrsi, drum, m. pl. @ bar- 
barous tribe living near the 
palus Mzotis. 
Agellus, i, m. dim. (ager,) a 
small farm. 
Agénor, Oris, m. a king of 
Phenicia. 
Agens, tis, part. (ago.) 
Ager, gri, m. a field; land; a 
farm; an estate; ground; 
a territory; the country. 
Agger, Gris, m. (aggéro, ad & 
gero, to carry to:) aheap; 
a pile; a mound; a bul- 
wark ; a bank ; a rampart; 
adam. 


contiguous ¢ 





190 


Aggredior, édi, essus sum, tr.| Agrippa, #, m. 


& intr. dep. (ad & gradi- 
or,) to go to; to attack. 
Agressus, a, um, part. having 

attacked. 
Agitator, dris,m.a driver ; from 
Agito, are, avi, atum, tr. freq. 
(ago,) 227, Obs. 2, to drive ; 
to agitate; to revolve. 684. 
Aglaus, i,m. a@ poor Arcadian. 


Agmen, inis, n. (ago,) a train; | 


a troop upon the march; a 
band; an army. 

Agnitus, a, um, part. from 

Agnosco, agnoscére, agndvi, 
agnitum, tr. (ad & nosco,) 
to recognize; to know. 

Agnus, i, m. @ lamb. 

Ago, agére, égi, actum, tr. 
to set in motion; to drive; 
to lead; to act; to do; to 
reside; to live: funus, to 
perform funeral rites: an- 
num vigesimum, to be 
spending, or to be in his 
twentieth year: bene, to be- 
have well: agére gratias, to 
thank. 

Agor, agi, actus sum, pass. to 
be led: agitur, 7 7s debat- 
ed: res de qua agitur, the 
point in debate: pessum 
agi, to sink. 

Agricola, 2, m. (ager & colo,) 
a husbandman; a farmer. 

Agricultiira, x, (id.) f agri- 
culture. 

Agrigentum, i, n. @ town upon 
the southern coast of Sicily, 
now Gurgentt. 





AGGREDIOR—ALCINOUS. 


the name 
of several distinguished 
Romans. 

Ahénum, i, n. (seid. vas aene- 
um,) a brazen vessel; a ket- 
tle; a caldron. 

Aio, ais, ait, def. verb, (§84, 5,) 
LI say. 442, 

Ajax, acis, m. the name of 
two distinguished Girecian 
warriors at the siege of 
Troy. 

Ala, 2, f. a wing; an armpit; 
an arm. 

Alacer, or ‘cris, cre, adj. 
(comp.) lively ; courageous ; 
ready; fierce; spurited. 

Alba, «, f. Alba Longa; a city 
of Latium, built by Asca-— 
NiUS. 

Albanus, «i, m. an inhabitant 
of Alba; an Alban. 

Albanus, a, um, adj. Alban. 
mons Albanus, mount -Al- 
banus, at the foot of which 
Alba Longa was built, 16 
miles from Rome. 

Albis, is, m. a large river of 
Germany, now the Elbe. 
Albiila, 2, m. an ancient name 

of the Tiber. E 

Albus, a, um, adj. white; (a 
pale white ; see candidus.) 

Alcestis, idis, f— the daughter 
of Pelias, and wife of Ad- 
metus. 

Alcibiades, is, m. an eminent 
Athenian, the pupil of So- 
crates. 


Alcinotis, 1, m. a king of Phea- 


ALCYONE—ALPES. 


cia, or Corcyra, whose gar- 

dens were very celebrated. 
Aleyone, es, f. the daughter of 

Miolus, and wife of Ceyx: 


she and her husband were | 


changed into sea-birds. eall- 

ed Aleyones, kingfishers. 
Alcyon, is, m. kingfisher. 
Aleyonéus, a, um, adj. halcyon. 


Alexander, dri, m. Alexander | 


peraiied the Great, the 
son of Philip, king of Ma- 
cedon. 

Alexandria, 2, f. the capital of 
Egypt; founded by Alex- 
ander the Great. 

Algeo, algére, alsi, intr. to be 
cold. 

Alicunde, adv. (aliquis & un- 
de,) from some place. 

Alienatus, a, um, part. aliena- 
ted ; estranged ; from 

Aliéno, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
alienate ; to estrange; from 

Aliénus, a, um, adj. of or be- 
longing to another; for- 
eign; another man’s; an- 
other's ; m. a stranger. 

Alii, adv. to another place; 
elsewhere. 

Aliquandiu, adv. (aliquis & 
diu,) for some time. — 
Aliquando, ady. (alius & quan- 
do,) once ; formerly; at some 
time; at length ; sometimes. 

Aliquantum, n. adj. something ; 
somewhat; a little. 

Aliquis, aliqua, aliquod & ali- 
quid, indef. pron. (§ 37, 3,) 
some ; mea one; a certain 
one. 257, 


191 


Aliquot, ind. adj. some. 

' Aliter, adv. (alius,) otherwise; 
aliter—aliter, in one way— 
in another. 

Alius, a, ud, adj. § 20, Note 2; 
another; other: aliimalii, 
some—others. 192. 

Allatus, a, um, part. (afféro,) 
brought. 

Allectus, a, um, part. (allicio.) 

Allévo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 
& levo,) to raise up; to al- 
leviate; to lighten. 

Allia, x, f. a@ small river of 
ltaly, flowing into the Ti- 
ber. 

Allicio, licére, lexi, lectum, (ad 
& lacio, to draw,) tr. to al- 
lure; to entice. 

Alligatus, a, um, part. bound; 
confined; from’ 

Alligo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 
& ligo,) to bind to ; to fast- 
en; to bind or tie. 

Alloctitus, a, um, part. speak- 
ing, or having spoken to; 
from 

Alloquor, -loqui, -loctitus sum, 
tr. dep. (ad & loquor,) to 
speak to; to address; to 
accost. 

Alluo, -luére, -lui, tr. (ad & 
luo,) to flow near ; to wash ; 
to lave. 

Alo, alére, alui, alitum or al- 
tum, tr. to nourish ; to feed ; 
to support; to increase; to 
maintain; to strengthen. 

Aloeus, i,m. @ giant, son of 
Titan and Terra. 

Alpes, ium, f. pl. the Alps. 





a aa 





192 


Alpheus, i, m. a river of Pe- 
loponnesus. 


ALPHEUS—AMPHION. 


extent ; 
ence. 


circuit ; cireumfer- 


Alpinus, a, um, adj. of or be-| Ambo, x, 0, adj. pl. 104, 3; 


longing to the Alps; Al- 


pine: Alpini mures, mar- 


mots. 
Alte, (its, issime,) adv. on 
high; highly; loudly; 


deeply; low. 

Alter, Gra, Erum, adj. § 20, 4, 
the one (of two;) the other ; 
the second. 106, 7. 208. 

Alternus, a, um, adj. (alter,) 
alternate; by turns. 

Althea, ex, f. the wife of @- 
neus, and mother of Mele- 
ager. 

Altittido, inis, f height; from 

Altus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) high; lofty; deep; 
loud. 

Alumnus, i, m. (alo,) a pupil; 
a foster-son. 

Alveus, i, m. a channel; from 

Alvus, i, f. the belly. 

Am, insep. prep. 239, 2, 487. 

Amans, tis, part. and adj. (ior, 
issimus,) loving ; fond of. 

Amarus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
bitter. 

Amatus, a, um, part. (amo.) 

Amazon, Snis; pl. Amazones, 
um, f. Amazons, a nation 
of female warriors, who 
lived near the river Don, 
and afterwards passed over 
into Asia Minor. 

Ambitio, dnis, f. (ambio,) am- 
bition. 

Ambitus, fis, m. (id.) a going 
round or about; compass ; 





both; (taken together; see 
uterque.) 203. 

Ambiilo, are, avi, datum, intr. 
(dim. f. ambio,) to walk. 
Amice, ady. -cilis, -cissimé, 
(amicus,) i a friendly 

manner ; kindly. 

Amicitia, e, f. friendship ; from 

Amicus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(amo,) friendly. 

Amicus, i, m. (amo,) a friend. 

Amissus, a, um, part. from 

Amitto, amittére, amisi, amis- 
sum, tr. (a & mitto,) to send 
away ; to lose ; torelingutsh. 

Ammon, Onis, m. a surname of 
Jupiter, who was worshiped 
under this name, in the des- 
erts of Lybia, under the 
form of a ram. 

Amnis, is, d. a river. 

Amo, are, avi, atum, tr. to love; 
(viz., cordially, from the im- 
pulse of natural affection ; 
see diligo.) 
cenus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) pleasant; agreeable ; 
delightful; from amo. 

Amor, Oris, m. (amo,) love. 

Amoveo, vére, vi, tum, tr. (a 
& movyeo,) to move away 
or from; to remove. © 

Amphinémus, i, m. a Catanean 
distinguished for his filial 
affection. 

Amphion, dnis, m. @ son of 
Jupiter and Antiope, and 
the husband of Niobe. He 


® 


AMPLE—ANIO. 


as said to have built Thebes 
by the sound of his lyre. 

Ample, adv. (iis, issime,) am- 
ply; from amplus. 

Amplector, ecti, exus sum, tr. 
dep. (am & plector,) to em- 
brace. 

Amplexus, a, um, part. having 
embraced; embracing. 

Amplio, are, avi, atum, 
(amplus,) to enlarge. 

Ampliis, adv. (ample,) more. 

Amplus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
great; abundant; large; 
Spacious. 

Amulius, i, m. the son of Sil- 
vius Procas, and brother of 
Numitor. 

Amyelx, drum, fi pl. a town on 
the western coast of Italy. 

Amycus, i, m. a son of Nep- 
tune, and king of Bebrycia. 

An, adv. whether; or. 

Anaereon, tis, m. a celebrated 
lyric poet of Teos,in Ionia. 

Ananus, i,m. a Cutanean, the 
brother of Amphinomus. 

Anaxagoras, 2, m. a philoso- 
pher of Clazomene, in Ionia. 

Anceps, cipitis, adj. (ancipi- 
tior,) (am and caput,) un- 
certain; doubtful. 

Anchises, «#, m. a Trojan, the 
father of neas. 

Anchora, or Ancora, «, f. an 
anchor. 

Ancilla, «, fa female servant ; 
a maid. 

Ancus, i, m. (Martius,) che 
fourth king of Rome. 


wr 








193 


mean birth, called also Pseu- 
dophilippus, on account of 
his pretending to be Philip, 
the son of Persis, king of 
Macedon. 

Androméda, a, f. the daughter 
of Cephus and Cassiope, 
and wife of Perseus. 

Ango, angére, anxi, tr. (to 
press close.or tight ; to stran- 
gle; hence,) to trouble; to 
disquiet ; to torment ; to vex. 

Anguis, is, c. (ango,) a snake; 
a@ serpent. 

Angilus, i. m. @ corner. 

Angustiz, drum, f. pl. narrow- 

ness; a narrow pass; a de- 
Jjile; trom 

Angustus; a, um, adj. comp. 
(ango,) narrow; limited; 
straitened ; pinching. 

Anima, 2, f. (animus,) breath ; 
life; the soul. 

Animadverto, vertére, verti, 
versum, tr. (animus ad & 
verto, to turn the mind to ;) 
to attend to; to observe; to 
notice; to punish. 

Animal, alis, n. (anima,) an 
animal. 

Animosus, a, um, adj. full of 
wind or breath; spirited; 
courageous; bold; from 

Animus, i, m. wind; breath; 
spirit; the soul or mind; 
disposition ; spirit or cour- 
age; adesign; uno animo, 
unanimously ; mihi est an- 
imus, J have a mind; I in- 
tend. See mens. 


Andriscus, i, m. a person of Anio, énis, m. a branch of the 


194 


Tiber, which enters it three 
miles above Rome. It is 
now called the Teverone, 

Annecto,-nectére, -nexui, -nex- 
um, tr. (ad & necto,) to an- 
nex; to tre or fasten to. 

Annona, «, f. (annus,) yearly; 

roduce; corn; provisions. 

Anniilus, i, m. (dim, from an- 
nus,) a small circle; a 
ring. 

Annuméro, are, ivi, datum, tr. 
(ad & numéro,) to reckon 
among; to number; to 
reckon. 

Annuo, -nuére, -nui, intr. (ad 





ANNECTO—APOLLO. 


Antéquam, adv. before that; 
before. 

Antigonus, i, m. a king of 
Macedonia. 

Antiochia, x, f. the capital of 
Syria. 

Antiéchus, i, m. a@ king of 
Syria. 

Antiope, es, f. the wife of Ly- 
cus, king of Thebes, and 
the mother of Amphion. 

Antiquus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) ancient; old; of long 
continuance; fr. ante. 

Antipiater, tris, m. a Sidonian 
poe. 


& nuo, to nod,) to assent; | Antium, i, n. @ maritime town 


to agree. 


of Italy. 


Annus, i, m. a circle; a year; | Antonius, i, m. Antony, the 


hence 


name of a Roman family. 


Annuus, a, um, adj. annual; | Antrum, i, n. a cave. 


yearly; lasting a year. 
Anser, éris, m. @ goose; hence 


Apelles, is, m. @ celebrated 
painter of the island of Cos. 


Anserinus, a, um, adj. of or| Apenninus, i, m. the Appe- 


belonging to a goose: ova, 
goose-eggs. 

Ante, adv. before; sooner. 

Ante, prep. before. 

Antea, adv. (ante & ea ace. 
pl. n. of is,) before; here- 
tofore. 

_Antecello,-cellére, tr. (ante & 
cello, obsol, to drive,) to 
drive or move before ; hence 
to excel; to surpass; to ex- 
ceed ; to be superior to. 

Antepdno,-ponére, -posui, -pos- 
itum, tr. (ante & pono,) to 
set before; to prefer. 


Antepositus, a, wm, part. (an- | 


tepono.) 





NUNES. 

Aper, apri, m. a boar; a wild 
boar. 

Aperio,-perire, -perui, -pertum, 
tr. (ad & pario,) to open ; 
to discover; to disclose; to 
make known. 

Apertus, a, um, part. (aperio.) 

Apex, icis, m. a point; the 

: top ; the nee - 

Apis, is, f. a bee. 

Apis, is, m. an ox worshipped 
as a deity among the Egyp- 
tans. 

Apollo, inis, m. the son of JSu- 
prter and Latona, and the 
god of music and poetry. 


APPARATUS—ARCEO. 


Apparatus, fs, m. (apparo, to 
prepare;) @ preparation; 
apparatus ; equipment ; ha- 
bili ment. 

Appareo, re, ui, intr. (ad & 
pareo,) to appear; to be 
manifest or clear. 

Appellandus, a, um, part. from 

Appello, are, Avi, datum, tr. 
(ad & pello,) to name or 
call; to address; to call 
upon. 

_Appendo, -pendére, -pendi, 
-pensum, tr. (ad & pendo,) 
to hang upon or to; to 
weigh out; to pay. 

Appétens, tis, part. seeking af- 
ter; from 

Appéto, - petére, - petivi, - pe- 

- titum, tr. (ad & peto,) to 
seek to; hence, to desire; 
strive for; to aim at; to 
attack. 

Appius, i, m. a Roman preend- 
men belonging to the Clau- 
dian gens or tribe. 

Appdno, -ponére, -posui, -posi- 
tum, tr. (ad & pono,) to set 
or place before; to put to; 


. to join. 

Appositus, a, um, part. (ap- 
pono.) 

Appropinquo, are, Avi, atum, 


intr. (ad & propinquo,) ¢o 
approach; to draw near. 
Apricus. a, um, adj. (comp.) 
sunny; serene; warm: (as 
if apericus from aperio.) 
Apto, are, avi, atum, tr. to fit; 
to adjust. 


. 





19% 


at ae prep. at; in; among; 


before ; to; in the house of; 
in the writings of. 

Apulia, «, f. a country in the 
eastern part of Ltaly, near 
the Adriatic. 

Aqua, 2, f. water. 

Aquzeductus, tis, m. (aqua & 
duco, to lead:) an aque- 
duct; a conduit. 

Aquila, 2, f. an eagle. 

Aquilo, Onis, m. the north 
wind. 

Aquitania, ee, f. a@ country of 
Gaul. : 
Aquitani, drum, m. pl. the in- 
habitants of Aquitania. 

Ara, 2, f. an altar. 

Arabia, 2, f. Arabia; hence, 

Arabicus, a, um, adj. Arabian ; 
of or belonging to Ara- 
bia.  Arabicus sinus, the 
Red Sea. 

Arabius, a, um, adj. Arabian. 

Arabs, abis, m. an Arabian. 

Arbitratus, a, um, part. having 
thought; from 

Arbitror, ari, atus sum, fr. 
dep. (arbiter,) to believe: 
to think. 

Arbor, & Arbos, ris, f. @ tree. 

Areca, x, f. a chest. 

Arcadia, 2, f. Arcadia, a coun- 
try in the interior of Pelo- 
ponnesus. 

Arcas, adis, m. an Arcadian ; 
also, a son of Jupiter and 
Calisto. 

Arceo, ére, ui, tr. fo ward off; 
to keep from; to restrain. 


196 


Arcessitus, a, um, part. from 

Arcesso, ére, ivi, tum, tr. (ar- 
cio, i. e. adcio, ad and cio,) 
to call; to send for; to in- 
vite; to summon. 

aArchimédes, is, m. a famous 
mathematician and mecha- 
nician of Syracuse. 

Architectus, i,m. an architect ; 
a builder. 

Archytas, «2, m. a Pythagore- 
an philosopher of Taren- 
tum. 

Arete, adv. (its, issime,) strait- 
ly; closely; from + 
Arctus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) narrow ; close; from 

arceo. 

Arcus, fis, m. a bow; an arch. 

Ardea, x, f. a city of Latium, 
the capital of the Rutuli. 

Ardens, tis, part. & adj. burn- 
ong; hot; from 

Ardeo, ardére, arsi, arsum, 
intr. to glow; to be on fire; 
to burn; to sparkle; to 
shine; to dazzle. 

Arduus, a, um, adj. high; 
lofty; steep; arduous; dif- 
Jicult. 

Aréna, 2, f. (areo, to be dry;) 
sand; hence 

Arendsus, a, um, adj. sandy. 

Arethiisa, x, f. the name of a 
nymph of Elis, who was 
changed into a fountain in 
Sicily. 

Argentum, i, n. szlver. 

Argias, «x, m. a chief of the 
Megarensians. 





ARCESSITUS—-ARMENTUM. 


Argivus, a, um, adj. (Argos,) 
of Argos; Argive. 

Argivi, drum, m. pl. (id.) Ar- 
gives ; inhabitants of Argos. 

Argonautze, arum, m. pl. (Argo 
& naute,) the Argonauts ; 
the crew of the ship Argo. 

Argos, i, n. sing, & Argi, 
orum, m. pl. a city in 
Greece, the capital of Ar- 
golis. 

Arguo, uére, ui, titum, to speak 
an loud or shrill tones: 
hence, to argue; to accuse ; 
to prove; to show; to con~ 
vict. 

Ariminum, i, n. a city of Italy, 
on the coast of the Adriatic. 

Aristobilus, i, m. a name of 
several of the high priests 
and kings of Judea. 

Aristotéles, is, m, Aristotle, a 
Greek philosopher, born at 
Stagira, a city of Macedo- 
nid. 

Arma, orum. n. pl. arms. 

Armatus, a, um, part. of armo, 
armed: pl. armati, Orum, 
armed men; soldiers. 

Armenia, x, f. (Major,) a 
country of Asia, lying be- 
tween Taurus and the Cau- 
casus. 

Armenia, 2, f. (Minor,) a small 
country lying between Cap- 
adocia and the Euphrates. 

Armenius, a, um, adj. Arme- 
nian. 

Armentum, i, n. (for aramen- 
tum, from aro,) a herd. 


ARMILLA—ASTUTUWS. 


Armilla, x, f. (dim. fr. armus, 
the arm,) a bracelet or ring 
worn on the left arm by 
soldiers who had been dis- 
tinguished in battle. 

Armo, Are, avi, datum, tr. (ar- 
ma, fo arm. 

Aro, -are, -avi, atum, tr. to 

' plough; to cover with the 
plough. 

Arreptus, a, um, part. from 

Arripio, -ripére, -ripui, -rep- 

tum, tr. (ad & rapio,) § 80, 
5,) to seize upon. 608. 

Arrégo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 
& rogo) to demand for one’s 
self; to arrogate; to claim. 

Ars, tis, f. art; contrivance; 
skill; employment ; oceupa- 
tion; pursuit. 

Arsi. See Ardeo. 

Artemisia, x, f. the wife of 
Mausolus, king of Caria. 

Artifex, icis, c. (ars & facio,) 
an artist. 

Arundo, inis, f. a reed; a cane. 

Aruns, tis, m. the eldest son of 
Larquin the Proud. 

Arx, cis, f. (arceo,) @ citadel; 
a fortress. 

Ascanius, i, m. the son of 4- 
neas and Creisa. 

Ascendo, (or adscendo,) dére, 
di, sum, tr. & intr. (ad & 
scando, to climb to,) to as- 
cend; to rise: ascenditur, 
imp ?tts ascended,or they as- 
cend ; 223, 6. & Id, 67, note. 


Asia, x, f. Asia; Asia Minor ; | 


also, proconsular Asia, or 
the Roman province. 











19% 


Asiaticus, i, m. an agndmen 


of L. Cornelius Scipio, on 
account of his victories in 
Asia. 887, 4, 1538, 4. 

Asina, @, ni. @ cogndmen or 
surname of a part of the 
Cornelian family. 

Asinus, i, m. an ass. 

Aspectiirus, a, um, part (as- 
picio.) 

Asper, éra, rum, adj. (erior, 
errimus,) rough; rugged. 

Aspergo. See Adspergo. 

As- or ad- spernor, ari, atus 
sum, tr. dep. to spurn; to 
despise ; to reject. 

Aspicio. See Adspicio. 

Aspis, idis, f. an asp. 

Asseciitus, a, um, part. from 

Asséquor, -séqui, -seciitus sum, 
tr. dep. (ad & sequor,) to 
come up to; to overtake; 
to obtain. 

Asservo, fre, avi, datum, tr. (ad 
& servo,) to take care of; 
to preserve; to keep. 

Assigno, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 
& signo,) to mark with a 
seal: hence, to appoint ; to 
allot; to distribute. 

Assisto. See Adsisto. 

Assuesco, -suescére, -suévi, 
-suctum, intr. ine. (ad & 
suesco,) to be accustomed ; 
to be wont. 

Assurgo, -surgére, -surrexi, 
-surrectum, intr. (ad & sur-= 
g0,) to rise up; to arise. 

Astronomia, 2, f. astronomy. 

Astitus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (from astu, the city, 


198 


viz.; of Athens,) knowing ; 
shrewd, cunning; crafty. 

Asylum, i, n. an asylum. 

At, conj. but. 

Atalanta, «, f. the daughter of 
Scheneus, king of Arca- 
dia, celebrated for her 
swiftness in running. 

Athéne, drum, f. pl. Athens, the 
capital of Attica; hence, 

Atheniensis, is, m. an Athe- 
nian. 

Atilius, i,m. @ Roman proper 
name. 

Atlanticus, a, um, adj. Atlan- 


tic; relating to Atlas: mare | 


Atlanticum, the Atlantic 
ocean. 

Atque, conj. and; as; than. 

Atrociter, adv. (ius, issime,) 
(atrox,) fiercely ; violently ; 
severely. 

Attalus, i, m. a king of Per- 
ganus. 

Attéro, -terére, -trivi, -tritum, 
(ad & tero,) tr. to rub close ; 
to rub off; to wear. 

Atthis, idis, f. the same as At- 
tic. . 

Attica, 2, f. Attica, a country 
in the southern part of 
Greece proper. 

Attingo, -tingére, -tigi, -tac- 
tum, tr. (ad & tango,) to 
touch; to border upon; to 
attain; to reach. 

Attollo, Gre, tr. (ad & tollo,) 
to raise up. 

Attritus, a, um, part. (attéro,) 
rubbed away; worn off. 

Auctor, dris, ¢. (augeo,) one 


ASYLUM—AUGUSTUS, 


who increases or enlarges ; 
hence, an author. 
Auctoritas, atis, f authority; 
influence ; reputation; fr. 
auctor. ; 
Auctus, a, um, part. (augeo,) 
increased; enlarged; aug- 
mented. , 
Audacia, x, f. audacity; bold- 
ness; from 
Audax, icis, adj. (comp.) bold; 
daring ; audacious ; despe- 
rate; from 
Audeo, audére, ausus sum, 
neut. pass. to dare; to at- 
tempt. §$ 78, 312. 
Audio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. fo 
hear. 
Auditus, a, um, part. 
Auditus, tis, m. the hearing. 
Auféro, auterre, abstili, abla- 
tum, tr. irr. (ab & fero,) to 
take away; to remove. 
Aufugio, -fugére, -figi, -fugi- 
tum, intr. (ab & fugio,) to 
Sly away; to run off; to 
escape; to flee. 
Augendus, a, um, part. from » 
Augeo, augére, auxi, auctum, 
tr. to cause to grow; to in- 
crease; to augment; to en- 
large; intr. to grow; toin- 
crease; to rise. 
Augurium, i, n. (avis, a bird, 
& garrio, to chirp,) a fore- 
telling of future events from 
the singing of lirds; hence, 
augury ; divination. 


. 


Auguste, adv.. (ius, issime,) 


nobly; from 
Augustus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 


¢ 


AUGUSTUS 


august; grand; venerable ; 
(from augeo.) 

Augustus, i, m, an honorary 
“appellation bestowed by the | 
senate upon Cesar Octavi- 
anus; succeeding emperors 
took the same name. 

Aulis, idis, f. a seaport town in 
Rpetia: 

Aulus, i, m. @ common przeno- 
men among the Romans. 
887, 1; 1538, 1. 

Aurelius, i, m. the name of 
several Romans. 

Aureus, a, um, adj. (aurum,) 
golden. 

Auriga, 2, m. (aurea, Obsol. 
a rein, and ago, to hold, or 
drive,) a charvoteer. 

Auris, is, f. the ear. 

Aurum, i, n. gold. 

Auspicicum, i, n. (avis a bird, 
and specio, to look:) a spe- 
cies of divination, from the 
flight, &c., of birds; an 
auspice; the guidance, or 
protection of another. 

usus, a, um, part. (audeo,) 
daring; having dared. 

Aut, conj. or; aut—aut, either 
—or. 

Autem, conj. but; yet. 

Autumnus, i,m. (augeo,) au- 
tumn. 

_Auxi. See Augeo. 

Auxilium, i, n. (augeo,) help ; 
aid; assistance. 

Avaritia, x. f. avarice; from 

Avarus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
avaricious ; covetous: (fr. 
aveo, to long for.) 











AXENUS. 199 

Avého, -vehére, -vexi, -vectum, 
tr. (a & veho,) to carry off, 
or away. 

Avello, -vellére, -velli or -vulsi, 
-vulsum, tr. (a & vello,) fo 
pull off, or away ; to pluck; 
to take away (forcibly). 

Aventinus, i, m. mount Aven- 
tine, one of the seven hiils 
on which Rome was built. 

Aversus, a, um, part. turned 
away: cicitrix averso, @ 
scar tn the back: from 

Averto, -vertére, -verti, -ver- 
sum, tr. (a & verto,) to 
turn away; to averi; to 
turn. 

Avicitila, «, f dim. (avis,) @ 
small bird. 

Avidus, a, um, adj. (aveo,) 
(ior, issimus,) des’rous ; rav- 
enous; greedy; eager. 

Avis, is, f. a bird. 

Av6co, are, avi, aitum, tr. (a & 
voco,) to call away; to di- 
vert; to withdraw. 

Avobeacas a, um, part. from 

Avolo, are, avi, datum, intr. (a 
& volo.) to fly away, or off: 

Avulsus, part. (avello.) 

Avunctlus, i, m. (dim. of 
avus,) @ mother’s brother ; 
an uncle. 

Avus. i, m. a grandfather. 
Axénus, i,m. (from a Greek 
word signifying ¢nxhospita- 
bie:) the Euxine sea; an- 
ciently so called, on account 
of the cruelty of the neigh- 
boring tribes. 


~ 200 
B. 


Babylon, onis, f, the metropo- 
lis of Chaldea, lying upon 
the Huphrates. 

Babylonia, x, f. the country 
about Babylon. 

Bacca, e, f. a berry. 

Bacchus, i, m. the son of Jupi- 
ter and Seméle, and the god 
of wine. 

Bactra, drum, n. the capital of 
Bactriana, situated upon 
the sources of the Oxus. 

Bactriani, drum, m. pl. the in- 
hahitants of Bactriana. 

Bactrianus, a, um, adj. Lae- 
trian, pertaining to Bactra 
or Bactriana. 

Bacilus, i, m. and Bactlum, i, 
n. a staff. 

Beetica, x, f. a country in the 
southern part of Spain, 
watered by the river Betis. 

Betis, is, m. a river in the 
southern part of Spain, 
now the Gaudalquiver. 

Bagrada, x, m. a river of Af- 
rica, between Utica and 
Carthage. 

Ballista, x, f. an engine for 
throwing stones. 

Balticus, a, um, adj. Laltie: 
mare Balticum, the Laltic 
sed. 

Barbarus, a, um, adj. speaking 
a strange language; (not 
Greek or Roman ;) foreign ; 
hence, barbarous; rude; 
uncwrlized; savage: subs. 
barbari, barbarians. 


PBABYLON—BENEFICIUM. 


Batiivus, a, um, adj. Batavian: 
belonging to Batavia, now 
Holland. 

Beatitiido, inis, f. blessedness ; 
happiness ; from 

Beatus, a, um, adj.. (ior, issi- 
mus,) happy; blessed; (fr. 
beo, to make happy.) 

Bebrycia, 2, f. a country of 
Asia. 

Belge, arum, m. pl. the inhab- 
itants of the north-east part 
of Gaul; the Belgians. 

Belgicus, a, um, adj. of or 
pertaining to the Belge. 

Bellerdphon, tis, m. the son of 
Glaucus, king of Ephyra. 

Bellicosus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
simus, (bellum,) of awar- 
like spirit; given to war. 

Bellicus, a, um, adj. (bellum,) 
relating to war; warlike. 

Belligéro, are, Avi, atum, intr. 
(bellum & gero,) to wage 
war; to carry on war. 

Bello, dre, avi, atum, tr. to 
war; to wage war; to con- 
tend; to fight. 

Bellua, x, f. a large beast; a 
monster. 

Bellum, i, n. (duellum,) war. 

Belus, i, m. the founder of the 
Babylonish empire. 

Bene, adv. (melitis, optime,) 
well; finely; very: bene 
pugnire, to fight success- 

fully; (fr. benus obsol. for 
bonus.) 

Beneficium, i, n. (bene & fa- 
cio,) a benefit; a kindness. 


BENEV OLENTIA—BRIGANTINUS. 


201 


Benevolentia, x, f. (bene & vo- | Bonitas, atis, f. goodness; ex- 


lo,) benevolence; good will. 

Benigné, adv. (its, issime,) 
kindly ; . from 

Benignus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
kind ; benign: (benigenus fr. 
benus for bonus, & genus.) 

Bestia, «, f. a@ beast; a wild 
beast. 

Bestia, 2, m. the surname of a 
Roman consul. 

Bias, antis, m. a philosopher 
born at Priéne, and one 
of the seven wise men of 
Greece. 

Bibliothéca, x, f. a hbrary. 

Bibo, bibére, Dbibi, bibitum, 
tr. to drink, (in order to 
quench thirst:) to ambibe: 
See poto. 

Bibilus, i, m. @ colleague of 
Julius Cesar in the con- 
sulship. 

Bini, x, a, num. adj. 106, 207, 
two by two; two, two each. 

Bipes, Edis, adj. (bis & pes,) 
two footed, with two feet. 

Bis, num. adv. twice. 

Bithynia, x, f @ country of 
Asia Minor, east of the 
Propontis. 

Blanditia, 2, f. compliment- 
tng; blanditiz, pl. 
ishments ; caresses; flattery : 
from 

Blandus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) courteous ; agreeable ; | 
flattering ; r enticing ; invit- 
ing; tempting. 

Beeotia, 2, f a country of 
Greece, north of Attica. 


bland- | 








| 





cellence. from 

Bonus, a, um, adj. (melior, op- 
timus, ) good; happy ; kind. 

Bonum, i, n. a good thing; an 
endowment; an advantage ; 
profit: bona, n. pl. an es- 
tate; goods: (fr. bonus.) 

Borealis, e, adj. northern ; from 

Boreas, a, m. the north Pind. 

Borysthénes, «, m. a large ri- 
ver of Scythia, flowing into 
the Huxine ; itis now called 
the Dnetper. 

Borysthénis, idis, f. the name of 
atown at the mouth of the 
Borysthenes. 

Bos, bovis, ¢. an ox; a@ cow: 
§ 15. 12, 125. 

Bosphorus, or Bosporus, i, m. 
the name of two straits be- 
tween Hurope and Asia; 
one the Thracian Bospho- 
rus, now the straits of Con- 
stantinople; the other the 
Cimmerian Bosphorus, now 
the straits of Caffa. 

Brachium, i, n. the arm; (viz. 
from the hand to the el- 
bow. 

Brevi, adv. shortly ; briefly; in 
short time; from 

Brevis, e, adj. (comp.) short; 
brief; hence, 

Brevitas, tis, 
brevity. 

| Brigantinus, a, um, adj. be- 
longing to Brigantium, a 
town of the Vindelict; 
Brigantinus lacus, the lake 
of Constance. 


ue 


shortness ; 


202 


Britannia, «, f. Great Britain. 
Britannicus, a, um, adj. belong- 
ing to Britain; British. 
Britannus, a, um, adj. British: 

Britanni, the /ritons. 

Bruma, x, f. the winter sol- 
stice; the shortest day. 

Bruttium, i, n. @ promontory 
of Italy. 

Bruttii, rum, m. pl. a people 
an the southern part of 
ttaly. 

Brutus, i, m. the name of an 
illustrious noble family. 
Bucephilus, i, f. the name of 
Alexander's war-horse. 
Bucephalos, i, f. a city of In- 
dia, near the Hydaspes, 
built by Alexander, in me- 

mory of his horse. 

Buxeus, a, um, adj. (buxus, 
the box-tree:) of box; of a 
pale yellow color, like box- 
wood. : 

Byzantium, i, n. now Constan- 
tinople, a city of Thrace, 
situated upon the Bospho- 
rus. 


C. 


C., an abbreviation of Cavus. 

Cabira, ind. a town of Pontus. 

Cacimen, inis, n. the top; the 
peak ; the summit. 

Cadens, tis, part. (cado.) 
Cadmus, i, m. the son of Agé- 
nor, king of Phoenicia. 
Cado, cadére, cecidi, casum, 

intr. to fall. 
Ceecilius, i, m. a Roman name. 








BRITANNIA—CALEFIO. 


Cectibum. i, n. atown of Cam- 
pania, famous for its wine. 
Cectibus, a, um, adj. Cecu- 
ban; of Cacubum. 
Cedes, is, f. slaughter; car- 
nage; homicide; murder ; 
from 
Cedo, cedére, cecidi, caesum, 
tr. to cut; to kill; to slay; 
to beat. 
Czelatus, a, um, part. from 
Celo, are, avi, datum, tr. to 
carve ; to engrave ,.to sculp- 
ture; to emboss. 
Cepe, or Cepe, n. indec. an 
onion. 
Cepio, dnis, m.a Roman consul 
who commanded in Spain. 
Cesar, ris, m. a cogndmen or 
surname given to the Julian 
Samily. . 
Cestus, fis, m. (cedo,) @ 
gauntlet ; a boxing-glove. 
Cesus, a, um, part. (cedo,) 
cut; slain; beaten. . 
Caius, i,m. a Roman prend- 
men. 
Calais, is, m. a son of Boreas. 
Calamitas, atis, f. (a storm ~ 
which breaks the reeds or 
stalks of corn, hence,) @ 
calamity ; a misfortune ; fr. 
Calamus, i, m. a reed. 
Calathiscus, i, m. (dim. cala- 
thus,) a small basket. 
Calefacio, calefacére, caleféci, 
calefactum, tr. (caleo & fa- 
cio,) to warm, to heat. 
Calefio, fiéri, factus sum, intr. 
irr. § 83, Obs os. 10 we 
warmed. 


CALEFACTUS—CAPTIVUs. 203 


Calefactus, a, um, part. (cale- defeat of the Romans by 
fio,) warmed. Hannibal. 

Calidus, a, um, adj. (comp. fr. | Cannensis, e, adj. belonging to 
caleo,) warm. Canne. 


Cano, canére, cecini, ok: 
tre tO» Setig ; to Pe 
play upon an eee. 

Cantans, tis, part. (canto.) 

Cantharus, i, m. a beetle; a 
knot under the tongue of 
the god Apis. 

Cantium, i, n. now the county 
of Kent, England. 

Canto, are, Avi, atum, tr. freq. 
(cano,) to sing; to repeat 
often. 

Cantus, tis, m. (id.) stnging; a 
song: cantus galli, the crow- 


Callidus, a, um. adj. alias 
from callus, hardness, viz: 
of skin occasioned by hard 
labor; hence,) practiced; 
expervénced ; shrewd; cun- 
ning. 

Calor, Oris, m warmth; ibe 

Calpe, es, f. a hill or mountain 
in Spain, opposite to Abyla 
in Africa. 

Calpurnius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family. 

Calydonius, a, um, adj. of or 
belonging to Calydon, a city 
of Aitolia; Calydonian. ing of the cock. 

Camélus, i, c. a camel. Caper, pri, m. a he-goat. 

Camillus, i, m. (M. Furius,) | Capesso, Gre, ivi, itum, tr. (ca- 
a Roman general. pio,) § 88, 5, to take ; to take 

Campania, x, f. a pleasant the management of: fugam 
country of Italy, between capessére, to flee. 587. 
Latium and Lucania. Capiens, tis, part. from 

Campester, tris, tre, adj. even; | Capio, capére, cepi, captum, tr. 
plain; level; champaign; (properly, to hold; to con- 
flat; from tain; commonly,) to take; 

Campus, i, m. a plain; a field ; to capture ; to take captive ; 
the Campus Martius. to enjoy; to derive. 

Cancer, eri, m. a crab. Capitalis, e, adj. (caput,) re- 

Candidus, a, um, adj. (comp.) lating to the head or life; 
white; (a bright or shining capital ; mortal; deadly; 
white : see albus.) pernicious: capitale, (sc. 

Candor, oris, m. (id.) bright- crimen,) @ capital crime. 
ness; whiteness; clearness. | Capitolium, i, n. (id.) the cap- 

Canens, tis, part. of cano, ttol; the Roman ‘eiteidel on 
singing. the Capitoline hill. 

Canis, is, c. a dog. Capra, 2, f. a she-qoat. 

Cann, arum, f. pl. a village Captivus, a, um, adj. (capio,) 
in Apulia, famous for the captive. 


204. 


Capto, are, avi, itum, tr. freq. 
584, (capio,) to catch at ; 
to seek for ; to hunt for. 

Captus, a, um, part. (capio,) 
taken; taken captive; 

Capua, 2, f. the principal city 
of Campania. 

Caput, itis, n. a head; life; 
the skull; a capital city; 
capitis damnire, to con- 
d-mn to death. 

Carbonarius, i, m. (carbo, a 
coal;) a collier; a maker 
of charcoal. 

Carcer, éris, m.~a prison. 

Careo, ére, ui, itum, intr. to be 
without; to be free from; 
to be destitute; not to have; 
to want. 

Cares, ium, m. pl. Carians; 
the inhabitants of Caria. 

Caria, x, f. a country in the 
southeastern part of Asia 
Minor. 

Carica, x, f. a fig; (properly, 
carica ficus.) 

Carmen, inis, n. @ song; a 
poem. 

Carneades, is, m. a philosopher 
of Cyrene. 

Caro, carnis, f. flesh. 

Carpentum, i, n. a chariot; a 
wagon. 

Carpetini, drum, m. pl. a peo- 
ple of Spain, on the borders 
of the Tagus. 

Carpo, carpére, carpsi, carp- 
tum, tr. to pluck ; to gather ; 
to tear. 

Carre, arum, f. pl. a city of 








CAPTO—CASUS. 


Mesopotamia, near the Hu. 
phrates. # 

Carthaginiensis, e, adj. of or 
belonging to Carthage ; Car= 
thaginian: subs. a Cartha- 
ginvan. 

Carthago, inis, f. Carthage, a 
mariiime city in Africa: 
Carthigo Nova, Carthage- 
na, a town of Spain. 

Carus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
dear ; precious ; costly. 

Casa, ve, f. a cottage; a hut. 

Casca, we, m. the surname of P. 
Servilius, one of the con- 
spirators against Cesar. 

Caseus, i, m. cheese. 

Cassander, dri, m. the name of 
a Macedonian. 

Cassidpe, es, f. the wife of Ce- 
pheus, king of Ethiopia, 
and mother of Andromeda. 

Cassius, i, m. the name of sev- 
eral Romans. 

Castalius, a, um, adj. Casta- 
han; of Castalia, a foun- 
tain of Phocis, at the foot 
of mount Parnassus. 

Castigatus, a, um, part. from 

Castigo, are, avi, datum, tr. to 
chastise ; to punish; to cor- 
rect. 

Castor, dris, m. the brother of 
Pollux and Helen. 

Castrum, i, n. (casa,) a castle: 
castra, drum, pl. @ camp: 
castra ponére, to pitch a 
camp ; to encamp. 

Casus, tis, m. (cado,) a fall; 
accident ; chance; an event. 


CATABATHMUS—CELT&. 205 


a misfortune: a disaster ;| Caveo, cavére, cavi, cautum, 
a calamity. — intr. & tr. to beware; to 

Catabathimus, i, m. a declivity ; avoid; to shun: cavére 
a gradual descent ; a valley sibi ab, to secure themselves 
between Egypt and Africa Jrom; to guard against. 

roper. Caverna, «x, f. (cavus,) @ cave; 

Catiina, «, f. now Catania, a a cavern. 
city of Sicily, near mount | Cavus, a, um, adj. hollow. 
Aina. Cecidi. See Czedo. 

Catanensis, e, adj. belonging to| Cecidi. See Cado. 

Outana; Catanean. ~ | Cecini. See Cano. 

Catiénus, i, m. Catiénus Ploti- | Cecropia, e, f. an ancient name 
nus, ¢ Roman distinguished | of Athens ; from 
for his attachment to his| Cecrops, opis, m. the first king 
patron. | of Athens. 

Catilina, , m. @ conspirator | Cedo cedére, cessi, cessum, 
against the Roman govern- intr. to yield; to give place ; 
ment, whose plot was detect- to retire; to retreat; to 
ed and defeated by Cicero. submit. 

Cato, dnis, m. the name of a| Celéber, bris, bre, adj. (celebri« 


Roman family. or, celeberrimus,) crowded ; 
Catitlus, i, m. the name of a much visited; renowned; 
Roman family. famous ; distinguished. 


Catilus, i, m. (dim. canis,) @| Celebratus, a, um, part. (celé- 
little dog; a whelp; the bro.) 


young of beasts. | Celebritas, atis, f. (celéber,) a 
Caucasus, i, m. @ mountain of| great crowd; fame; glory; 

Asia, between the Black and celebrity ; renown. 

Caspian seas. Celébro, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
Cauda, x, f. a tail. visit; to celebrate; to make 
Caudinus, a, um, adj. Caudine ; Samous ; to perform. 

of or belonging to Caudium, | Celeritas, atis, f. (celer, swift.) 

a town of Italy. speed; swiftness; quick- 
Caula, w, f. a fold; a sheep- NESS. 

cote. Celeriter, adv. (its, rimé,) 





Causa, x, f. @ cause; a reason ; | swiftly. 
a lawsuit: in causa est, or | Celeus, i, m. a king of Hleus?s. 
causa est, ts the reason: | Celo, are, avi, Atum, tr. to hide; 
causa, for the sake of. to conceal. 
Cautes, is, f. a sharp rock; a\ Celte, drum, m. pl. the Celts; 
erag; a cliff : from te: people of Gaul. 
iy 





206 


Censeo, Gre, ui, um, tr. fo est?- 
mate; to judge; to believe ; 
to count; to reckon. 

Censor, is, m. (censeo,) @ cen- 
sor; a censurer; a critic. 

Censorinus, i, m. (1. Manlius,) 
a Roman consul in the third 
Punic war. 

Censorius, i, m. (censor,) one 
who has been a censor; a 
surname of Cato the elder. 

Census, ts, m. (censeo,) @ cen- 
sus; an enumeration of the 
people; aregistering of the 
people, their ages, &¢. 

Centéni, «, a, num, adj. pl. dis- 
trib. (centum,) every hund- 
red; a hundred. 

Centesimus, a, um, num, adj. 
ord. (id.) the hundredth. 

Centies, num, adv. a hundred 
times; from 

Centum, num, adj. pl. ind. a 
hundred. 

Centurio, Gnis, m. (centuria,) 
a centurion; a captain of 
a hundred men. 

Cephallenia, x, f. an island in 
the Ionian sea, now Cepha- 
lonia. 

Cepe. See Cepe. 

Cepi. See Capio. 

Cera, 2, f. wax. 

Cerbérus, i, m. the name of 
the three-headed dog which 
guarded the entrance of the 
infernal reqions. 

Cerecasérum, i, n. a town of 
Egypt. 

Ceres, éris, f. Ceres, the goddess 
of corn. 


CENSEO—CETUS. 


| Cerno, cernére, crevi, cretum, 
tr. properly, to sift; to dis- 
tinguish: hence, to see; to 
perceive. 

Certamen, inis, n. (certo,) a 
contest; a battle; zeal; ea- 
gerness ; strife; contention ; 
debate ; a game or exercise: 
Olympicum certamen, the 
Olympic games. 

Certe, adv. itis, issimé, (certus,) 
certainly, at least. 

Certo, are, avi, datum, tr. & 
intr. (certus,) to determine, 
or make sure; to contend; 
to strive; to fight. 

Certus, a, um, adj. (cerno,) 
(ior, issimus,) certain ; fix- 
ed: certidrem facére, to in- 
form. 

Cerva, x, f. a female deer; a 
hind; hence, 

Cervinus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to a stag or deer. 

Cervix, icis, f. (the hinder part 
of ) the neck; an isthmus. 

Cervus, i, m. a male deer; a 
stag. 

Cessator, is, 








m. a loiterer; a 
lingerer; an idler; from 
Cesso, are, avi, atum, intr. 
freq. (cedo,) to cease; to 
lotter. | 

Cetérus, (and ceter, seldom 
used,) cetera, cetérum, ad). 
other; the other; the rest; 
hence, 

| Cetértim, adv. but; however ; 
as for the rest. 

Cetus, i, m. (& cete, is, n-) 
whale; any large sea jish. 





CEYX—CITHZERON. 


Ceyx, ¥cis, m. the son of Hes- | 


perus, and husband of ‘AL 


cyone. 


207 


a consul at Rome, in the 
tume of the civil war. 
Cinnimum, i, n. e¢nnamon. 


Chalcédon, Snis, f. a city of | Circa & Cireum, prep. & adv. 


Bithynia, opposite Byzan- 
tum. 

Chaldaicus, a, um, adj. (Chal- 
dea,) Chaldean. 

Charta, e, f. paper. 

Chersiphron, dnis, m. a distin- 
guished architect, under 
whose direction the temple 
of Ephesus was built. 

Chersonésus, i, f. a peninsula. 

Chilo, dnis, m. a@ Lacedemo- 
nian philosopher, and one 


about; around; in the 
neighborhood of. 

Circuitus, Us, m. (circumeo,) 
a circuit; a circumference. 

Circumdatus, a, um, part. from 

Circumdo, dare, dédi, datum, 

(cireum & do,) to put 

around; to surround; to 
environ; to invest. 

Circumeo, ire, ii, itum, intr. 
irr. (circum & e0, § 83, 3, 
to goround; tovisit. 415. 


of the seven wise men of | Circumfluo, -fluére, -fluxi,-flux- 


Greece. 
Christus, i, m. Christ. 
Cibus, i, m. food ; nourishment. 


Cicatrix, icis, f. a@ wound; a| 


scar; a ctcatrice. 

Cictro, Gnis, m. a celebrated 
Roman orator. 

Ciconia, 2, f. a@ stork. 

Cilicia, «, f. @ country in the 


southeast part of Asia Mi- 


nor. 
Cimbri, drum, m. pl. @ nation 
formerly inhabiting _ the 


northern part of Germany. 
Cinctus, a, um, part. (cingo.) 
Cineas, x, m. a Thessalian, 


the favorite minister of 


Pyrrhus. 
Cingo, cingére, cinxi, cinc- 
tum, tr. to surround; to 


encompass ; to encircle; to 
gird. 


Cinis, éris, d. ashes; cinders. 





um, intr. (circum & fluo,) 
to flow round. 

Circumiens, euntis, 
cumeo. ) 

Circumjaceo, ére, ui, intr. (cir- 
cum & jaceo,) tole around ; 
to border upon. 

Circumsto, stare, stéti, intr. 
(circum & sto,) to stand 
round. 

Circumvenio, -venire, -véeni 
-ventum, tr. (circum & ve- 
nio,) to go round; to sur- 
round; to circumvent. 

Circumyventus, a, um, part. 

Ciris, is, f. the name of the 
fish into which Scylla was 
_ changed. 

Cisalpinus, a, um, adj. (cis & 
Alpes,) Cisalpine; on this 
side of the Alps; that is, 
on the side nearest to 
Pome. 


part. (cir- 


Cinna, 2, m. (L. Cornelius,) | Citheron. Onis, m. a mown 


208 


tain of Beotia, near Thebes, 
sacred to Bacchus. | 

Cito, adv. (ius, issime,) guick- 
ly; from 

Citus, a, um, adj. (citus, part. 
cieo,) (ior, issimus,) quick. 

Citra, prep. & adv. on this side. | 

Civicus, a, um, adj, (civis,) 
civic: corona Civica, & civ- | 
ve crown given to him who | 
had saved the life of a citi-| 
zen by killing an enemy. | 

Civilis, e, adj. (comp,) of or | 
belonging to acitizen ; civil; 
courteous; from 

Civis, is, ¢. (cio, or cieo,) a 
citizen. 

Civitas, ‘tis, f. (civis,) a city; | 
a staie; the inhabitants of 
a city ; the body of citizens ; 
a constitution ; citizenship ; 
Jreedom of the city. 

Clades, is, f loss; damage; | 
defeat; disaster ; slaughter. 

Clam, prep. without the know!- | 
edge of:—adv. privately ; 
secretly. 

Clamo, are, avi, dtum, intr. & | 
tr. to ery out; to call on; 
hence, 

Clamor, dris, m. a clamor; a 
cry. 

Clandestinus, a, um, adj.(clam,) 
secret; clandestine. 

Claritas, atis, f. celebrity; 
Jame; from 








Clarus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) clear; famous; re- 
nowned,; celebrated; loud. 

Classis, is, f. a class; a fleet. 


CITO—C@LUM. 


Claudius, i, m. the name of 
several Romans, belonging 
to the tribe hence called 
Olaudian. 

Claudo, claudére, clausi, clau- 
sum, tr. to close; to shut. 

Claudus, a, um, adj. dame. 

Clausus, a, um, part. (claudo,) 
shut up. 

Clavus, i, m. a nail; a spike. 

Clemens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
merciful; hence, 

Clementer, adv. (its, issimé,) 
gently ; kindly. 

Clementia, 2, f. (id.) clemency ; 
mildness. 

Cleopatra, x, f. an Egyptian 
queen celebrated for beauty. 

Cloaca, x, f. a drain; a com- 
mon sewer. 

Clodius, i, m. a Roman of il- 
lustrious family, remarka- 
ble for his licentiousness. 

Cluentius, i, m. the name of 
several Romans. 

Clusium, i, n. a city of Etruria. 

Clypeus, i, m. @ shield. 

Cneius, i, m. a Roman preno- 
men; abbreviated Cn. 

Coactus, a, um, part. (cogo,) . 
collected; assembled; com- 
pelled. 

Coccyx, Fgis, m. a cuckoo. 

Cocles, itis, m. a Roman dis- 
tinguished for his bravery. 

Coctilis, e, adj. (coquo,) baked ; 
dried; burnt. 

Coctus, a, um,. part. (coquo,) 
baked; burnt; boiled. 

Colum, i, n. sing. m. pl. 96, 


C@NA—COLO. 


4, heaven; the climate ; the 
sky; the air; the atmos- 
phere. 


Coena, x, f. a supper. 


209° 
hold together ; to hold back ; 


to restrain. 


Cohors, tis, f. a cohort; the 


tenth part of a legion. 


Ceepi, isse, def. § 84, Obs. 2, 7) Colchi, drum, m. the people of 


begin, or I began. 435. 
Cceptus, a, um, part. begun. 
Coérceo, Gre, ui, itum, tr. (con 


Colchis. 


Colchis, idis, f. a country of 


Asia, east of the Euxine. 


& arceo,) to surround; to) Collabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, 


restrain; to check; to con- 
trol. 

Cogitatio, dnis, f. (cogito,) a 
thought; a reflection. 

Cogitatum, i, n. a thought; 
from 

Cogito, are, avi, tum, tr. (for 
coagito, con & agito,) to 
revolve in the mind; to 
think; to consider ; to med- 
atate. 

Cognitus, a, um, part. (cog- 
nOsCco. ) 
Cognémen, inis, n. (con & no- 

men,) asurname. 1538,3. 

Cognosco, -noscére, -ndvi, -ni- 

tum, tr. (con & nosco,) to 

~ tnvestigate ; hence, toknow ; 

to learn: de causa, to try or 
decide a suit at law. 

Cogo, cogére, coégi, coactum, 
tr. (coigo, con & ago,) to 
drive together ; to drive; to 
compel; to force; to urge; 
to collect; agmen, to bring 
up the rear. 

Cohereo, -hrére, -hesi, he- 
sum, intr. (con & hereo,) 
to stick together ; to adhere ; 
to be united ; to be joined to. 

Cohibeo, -hibére, -hibui, -hibi- 
tum, tr. (con & habeo,) to 


- 





intr. dep, (con & labor,) to 
fall down; to fall together ; 
to fall. 

Collare, is, n. (collum,) @ col- 
lar; a necklace. 

Collatinus, i, m. @ surname of 
Tarquinius, the husband of 
Lucretia. 

Collectus, a, um, part. (colligo.) 

Colléga, 2, m. (con & lego, 
-are,) one who has charge 
along with another, i.e. a 
colleague. 

Collegium, i, n. (colléga,) @ 
college ; a company. 

Colligo, -ligére, -légi, -lectum, 
tr. (con & lego,) ¢o collect. 

Collis, is, m. a hill. 

Collocatus, a, um, part. from 

Colloco, are, avi, Atum, tr. (con 
& loco,) to place: statuam, 
to erect: to set up. 

Colloquium, i, n. conversation ; 
an interview; from 

Colldquor, -loqui, -lociitus sum, 
intr. dep. (con & loquor,) to 
speak together ; to converse. 

Collum, i, n. the neck. 

Colo, colére, colui, cultum, tr. 
to care for; to cultivate; to 
exercise; to pursue; to 
practise; to respect; to re- 


210 


gard; to venerate; to wor- 
ship; to inhabit. 

Colonia, 2, f. a colony: from 

Colonus, i, m. (colo,) @ colo- 
nist. 

Color, & Colos, ris, m. a color. 

Columba, z, f. a dove; a pig- 
eon. 

Columbare, is, n. a dovecote. 

Columna, x, f. (coliimen, a 
prop,) a pillar ; a column. 

Combiro, -urére, -ussi, -ustum. 

tr. (con. & uro, § 80, 5,) 40 
burn up; toconsume.606. 

Comedendus, a, um, part. from 

Comédo, edére, édi, ésum & 
estum, tr. (con & edo,) to 
eat up; to devour. 

Comes, itis, c. (con & e0,) one 
who gives with another; a 
companion. 

Cométes, 2, m. a comet; 52. 

Comissor, or Commissor, Ari, 
atus sum, intr. dep. to revel 
as Bacchanalians; to riot; 
to banquet; to carouse. 

Comitans, tis, part. (comitor.) 

Comitatus, a, um, part. fram 

Comitor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
(comes, ) to accompany ; to 
attend; to follow. + 

Commemoro, are, Avi, atum, 
tr. (con & memoro,) to 
commemorate ; to mention. 

Commendo, are, Avi, atum, tr. 
(con & mando,) to commit 
to one’s care; to commend ; 
to recommend. 

Commeo, dre, avi, atum, intr. 
(con & meo,) fo go to and 





COLONIA—COMMOROR. 


fro; to go and come; to 


pass. 
Commercium, i, n (con & 
merx,) «commerce;  ex- 


change ; traffic; intercourse. 

Commigro, are, Avi, atum, intr. 
(con & migro,) to emigrate ; 
to remove. 

Comminuo, -minuére, -minui, 
-mintitum, tr. (con & mi- 
nuo,) to dash or break in 
preces; tocrush; bruise. 

Comminiitus, a, um, part. bro- 
ken in pieces ; diminished. 

Committo, -mittére, -misi, -mis- 
sum, tr. (con & mitto,) éo 
bring or put together; to 
commit; to entrust; to be- 
gin: pugnam, to join bat- 
ile ; to commence or to fight 
a battle. 

Commissus, a, um, part. in- 
trusted ; perpetrated; com- 
mitted; commenced: proe- 
lium commissum, a battle 
begun or fought:  copiis 
commissis, forces being en- 
gaged. 

Commoditas, atis, f (commd- 
dus,) aptness; fitness; a 
convenience; commodious- 
Ness. 

Commodum, i, n. (id-) an ad- 
vantage; gain. — 


Commorior, -moéri & -moriri, | 


-mortuus sum, intr. dep. 
(con & morior,) to die to- 
gether. 

Commoror, ari, atus sum, 
intr. dep. (con & moror,) 


COMMOTUS—CONCIPIO. 


to reside with; to stay at; 


to remain; to continue. 

Commotus, a, um, part. from 

Commoveo, -movere, -mdvi, 
-motum, tr. (con & moveo,) 
to move together or wholly ; 
to move; to excite; to stir 
up ; to influence ; to induce. 

Communico, are, avi, atum, 
tr. to communicate; to im- 
part; to tell; from 

Commiinis, e, adj. (comp.) 
common: in commine con- 
sulére, to consult for the 
common good. 

Commito, are, avi, datum, tr. 
(con & muto,) to change; 
to alter; to exchange. 

Comeedia, «x, f. a comedy. 

Comparo, are, avi, datum, tr. 
(con & paro,) to prepare; 
to get together; to gain; to 
procure; to compare. 

Compello, -pellére, -piili, -pul- 
sum, tr. (con & pello,) to 
drive; to compel ; to force; 
in fugam, to put to flight. 

Compenso, are, avi, atum, tr. | 
(con & penso,) to weigh to- 
gether; to compensate; to 
make amends for. 

Comperio, -perire, -péri, -per- 
tum, tr. (con & pario,) to 
Jind out; to learn; to dis- 
cover. 

Complector, 
sum, tr. dep. (con & plec- 
tor,) to embrace; to com- 
prise; to comprehend ; 
veach; to extend: com- 
plecti amore, to love. 

10 


-plecti, -plexus | 


Z11 


situm, tr. (con & pono,) to 
put together; to compose; 
to arrange ; to construct ; to 
Jinish ; to compare; hence, 
Compositus, a, um, part. fin- 
ished ; composed ; quieted, 
Comprehendendus, a, um, fr. 
Comprehendo, . -prehendére, 
-prehendi, -prehensum, tr. 
(con & prehendo,) to grasp 
or hold together ; ; to compre- 
hend ; to seize ;to apprehend. 
Comprehensus, a, um, part. 
Compulsus, a, um, part. (com- 
pello.) 
Conatus, a, um, part. (conor,) 
having endeavored. 
Concédo, -cedére, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, intr. & tr. (con & ce- 
do,) to step aside; to yield; 
to permit; to grant. 

Conceptus, a, um, part, (con- 
cipio,) conceived ; couched ; 
expressed. 

Concessus, a, um, part. hate 
cédo.) 

Concha, ze, f. a shell fish. 

Conchylium, i, n. a shell-fish. 

Concilio, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
join together ; to conciliate ; 
to reconcile; to acquire for 
one’s self; to gain; to ob- 
tain; from 

Concilium, i, n. @ council. 

Concio, Snis, f. (concieo,) an 
assembly ; an assembly of 
the people. 

0, Congiplo- pete ree -ceptum, 


Compono, -ponére, -posui, -po- 


Ny 


oa r. (con & capio,) to take 


together ; to conceive; to 


212 


imagine ; to form; to draw 
up; to comprehend. 

Concito, dre, avi, atum, tr. 
freq. (con & cito,) to set in 
motion ; to excite; to raise. 

Concitor, doris, m. one who ex- 
cites; an exciter ; amover ; 
a disturber. 

Concdquo,-coquére, -coxi, -coc- 
tum, tr. (con & coquo,) to 
boil; to digest. 

Concordia, 2, f. (concors,) con- 
cord; agreement ; harmony. 

Concrédo, -credérey -credidi, 
-creditum, tr. (con & credo,) 
to consign; wo trust; to in- 
trust. 

Concrémo, dre, Avi, atum, tr. 
(con & cremo,) to burn 
with; to burn; to consume. 

Concurro, -currére, -curri, -cur- 
sum, intr. (con & curro,) to 
run together: concurritur, 
pass. imp. a@ crowd assem- 
ble. Id. 67, Note. 

Concussus, a, um, part. shaken ; 
moved; from 

Concutio, cutére, cussi, cussum, 
tr. (con & quatio,) to shake ; 
to agitate; to tremble. 

Conditio, -dnis, f. (condo,) 
condition; situation; a 
proposal; terms. 

Conditus, a, um, part. from 

Condo, -dére, -didi, -ditum, tr. 
(con & do,) to put together ; 
to lay up; to found; to 
build ; to make ; to form; to 
hide; to bury; to conceal. | 

Condiico, -ducére, -duxi, -duc- 
tum, tr. (con & duco,) tor 


> -— 


CONCITO—CONGERO. 


lead together; to conduct ; 
to hore. 

Confectus, a, um, part. (con- 
ficio.) 

Cont éro, conferre, contili, col» 
latum, tr. irr. (con & fero,) 
to bring together; to heap 
up; to bestow; to give: se 
conferre, to betake one’s 
self; to go. 

Conficio, -ficére, -féci, -fectum, 
(con & facio, to do tho- 
roughly ;) to make; to fin- 
ish; to waste; to wear out; 
to terminate; to consume; 
toruin; to destroy; to kill. 

Confligo, -fligére, -flixi,-flictum, 
(con & fligo,) to strike or 
dash together ; to contend ; 
to engage; to fight; (viz.: 
an close combat.) See dim- 
ico. 

Conflo, are, avi, atum, tr. (con 
& flo,) to blow together; 
to melt; to unite; to com- 
pose. 

Confluo, -fluére, -fluxi, -fluxum, 
intr. (con & fluo,) to flow to- 
gether ; to flock ; to assemble. 

Confodio,-fodére, -fodi, -fossum, 
tr. (con & fodio,) to dig 
through and through; to 
prerce; to stab. 

Confossus, a, um, part. (confo- 
dio.) 

Confugio, -fugére, -ftigi, -fugi- 
tum, intr. (con & fugio,) to 
flee to; to flee for refuge; 


to flee. 


| Congéro, -gerére, -gessi, -2es- 


tum, tr. (con & gero,) to 


CONGREDIOR—CQONSILIOUM. 


bring together ; to collect ; to 


heap up- 

Congredior, -grédi, ~gressus 
sum, intr. dep. (con & gra- 
dior,) to meet ; to encounter | 
to engage, to Sight. 

Conerégo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(con & grex,) to assemble | 
in flocks ; to assemble. 

Conjectus, a, um, part. from 

Conjicio, -jicére, -jéci, -jectum, 
tr. (con & jacio,) to cast; 
to throw forcibly; to con- 
jecture. 

Conjugium, i, n. (con & jugo,) 
marriage. 

Conjungo, -jungére, -junxi, 
-junctum, tr. (con & jungo,) 
to unite; to bind; to join. 

Conjuratus, a, um, part con- 
sptred : conjurati, subs. con- 
spirators; from 


Conjiro, are, avi, datum, tr.) 


(con & juro,) to swear to- 
gether ; to combine ; to con- 
spire: conjuratum est, @ 
conspiracy was formed. 
Conjux, tigis, c. (con & jugo,) @ 
spouse; a husband or wife. 


Conor, ari, atus sum, intr. dep. | 


to attempt; to venture; to 
endeavor; to strive. 
Conquéror, quéri, questus sum, 
intr. dep. (con & queror,) 
to complain; to lament. 
Conscendo, -scendére, -scendi, 
-scensum, tr. (con & scan- 
do,) to climb up; to ascend. 


Conscensus, a, um, part. (con- 
scendo.) 
Conscisco, -seciscére, — -scivi, 


2235 
-scitum, tr. (con & scisco,) 
to inv estigate ; ; to vote to- 
gether ; to agree; to decree; 
to execute ; sibi mortem con- 
sciscére, to lay violent hands 
| on one’s self; to commit sui= 
cide. 

Consecro, are, avi, datum, tr. 
(con & sacro,) to consecrate; 
to dedicate ; to devote. 

Consédi. See Consido. 
ahs onsenesco, senescére, senui, 
| intr. me. (con & senesco,) 
{ 


to grow old. 
Consentio, -sentire, -sensi, -sen- 
sum, intr. “(eon & sentio,) 
| to think together; to agree; 
to consent; to unite. 
Conséquor, -stqui, -secitus 
sum, tr. dep. (con & se- 
quor,) to follow closely; to 
gan; to obtain. 
Conseciitus, a, wm, part. having 
obtained. 
_Conséro, -sertre, -serul, -ser- 
/ tum, tr. (con & sero,) to 
| join; to put together: pus 
| nam, to join battle ; to fight. 
Conservandus, a, um, part. 
from 
'Conservo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(con & servo,) to preserve ; 
to maintain ; to perpetuate. 
Considens, tis, part. from 
Consido, -sidére, -sédi, -ses- 
sum, intr. (con & sido,) to sz 
down; to encamp; to take 
| one’s seat ; to perch; to light. 
| Consilium, i, n. (consiilo,) 
counsel ; design; txtention ; 
acouncil ; deliberation ; ad- 


| 





214 


vice; a plan; judament ; 
discretion ; prudence ; wis- 
dom. 

Consisto, -sistére, -stiti, intr. 
(con & sisto,) to stand to- 
gether ; to stand ; to consist. 

Consolor, Ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
(con & solor,) to console ; 
to comfort. 

Conspectus, a, um, part. (con- 
spicio.) 

Conspectus, tis, m. (id.) @ see- 
ing; a sight; a view. 

Conspicatus, a, um, part. (con- 
spicor.) 

Conspicio, -spicére, - spexi, 
-spectum, tr. (con & spe- 
cio,) to behold; to see. 

Conspicor, ari, atus sum, tr. 
dep. (id.) to behold; to see. 

Conspicuus, a, um, adj. (id.) 
conspicuous; distinguished. 

Constans, tis, part. 
(comp.) firm; 
steady. 

Constituo, -stituére, -stitui, -sti- 
tiitum, tr. (con & statuo,) 
to cause to stand, i. e., to 
place ; to establish; to ap- 
point ; to resolve. 

Consto, -stare, -stiti, intr. (con 
& sto,) to stand together ; 
to consist of: constat, imp. 
itis certain; wt is evident. 

Construo, -struére, -struxi, 
structum, tr. (con & struo,) 
to pile together; to con- 


constant ; 


struct; to build; to com- 
pose; to form. 
Consuesco, -suescére, -suévi, 


-suctum, intr. (con & su- 


& adj. 


CONSISTO—CONTEMPLOR. 


esco,) to be accustomed: 


hence, 

Consuetiido, inis, f. habit; cus- 
ton. 

Consul, ilis, m. @ consul; 
hence, 


Consularis, e, adj. of or per- 
taining to the consul; con- 
sular: vir consularis, one 
who has been a consul; a 
man of consular dignity. 

Consulatus, tis, m. (consul,) the 
consulship. 

Consitlo, -sulére, -sului, -sul- 
-tum, tr. to advise; to con- 
sult. 

Consulto, are, avi, atum, tr. & 
intr. freq. (constilo,) to ad- 
vise together ; to consult. 

Consiimo, -sumére, -sumsi, 
-sumptum, tr. (con & su- 
mo,) to take together, or at 
once; hence, te consume; 
‘to wear out; to exhaust ; to 
waste ; to destroy; hence, 

Consumptus, a, um, part. 

Contagidsus, a, um, adj: 
comp. (contingo,) conta 
gious. 

Contemnendus, a, um, part. 
from 

Contemno, -temnére, -tenrpsi, 
-temptum, tr. (con & tem- 
no,) to despise; to reject 
with scorn. 

Contemplatus, a, um, part. ob- 
serving; regarding; con- 
sidering; from 

Contemplor, ari, atus sum, tr. 
dep. (con & templum, a 
quarter in the heavens,) to 


CONTEMPTIM—CONTUSUS. 215 


took attentively at the| touch; contigit, imp. 7? 
heavens; (said originally| = happens: mihi, it happens 
of the augurs; hence,) to: to me; I have the Soriune. 
contemplate ; to regard; to Continuo, adv, tmimediately ; 
consider; to look ai; to| forthwith; in succession; 
gaze upon. from 
Contemptim, adv. with con-! Continuus, a, um, adj. (con- 
tempt ; contemptuously ; tineo,) continued ; adjoin- 
scornfully; trom ing; tneessant; uninter- 
Contemptus, a, um, part. (con- rupted ; conical ; without 
temno. ) intermission; in close suc- 
Contemptus, ts, m. (id.) con- cession: continuo alveo, 77 
tempt. one entire or undivided 
Contendo, dére, di, tum, tr. & channel. 
intr. (con & tendo, to| Contra. prep. against; oppo- 
stretch, or draw, or strive site to: adv. on the other 


together, hence,) to dispute ; hand. 
to fight; to contend; to go| Contractus, a, um, part. (con- 


to; to direct one’s course; traho. 

to request; hence, Contradico, -dicére, -dixi, -dic- 
Contentio, dnis, f. contention ; tum, tr. (contra & dico,) to 

a debate ; a controversy ; ex- speak against; to eontra- 

ertion; an effort; a strife. dict; to oppose. 
Contentus, a, um, adj, (Gomp.) | Contradictus, a, um, part. con- 

content; satisfied: tr. con- tradicted ; opposed. 

tineo. Contraho,-trahére, -traxi, -trac~ 


Contéro, -terére, -trivi, -tritum, tum, tr. (con & traho,) to 
tr. ‘con & tero,) to break ; draw together ; to contract ; 
to pound; to waste. to assemble; to collect. 

Continens, tis, part. & adj.| Contrarius, a, um, adj, (con- 
(comp.) holding together ; tra,) contrary ; opposite. 
hence, joining ; continued; Contueor, -tuéri, -tuitus sum, tr. 
uninterrupted ; temperate; dep. (con & tueor,) to re- 
subs. f. the continent, o " gard; to behold; to view; 


main land: from to gaze upon; to survey. 
Contineo, -timére, -tinui, -ten- Contundo, -tundére, -tiidi, -ti- 


tum, tr. (con & teneo,) to | sum, tr. (con & tundo,) to 

hold together, ov in; to con- | beat together; to beat; to 

tain. bruise; to crush; to pul- 
Contingo, -tingére, -tigi, -tac- verize. 


tum, tr. (con & tango,) to, Contisus, a, um, part. 


216 


Convalesco, -valescére, -valui, | 


intr. ine. (con & valesco, 
from valeo,) to grow well ; 
fo recover. 

Convenio, -venire, -véni, -ven- 
tum, intr. (con & venio,) to 
come together ; to meet; to 
assemble. 

Converto, -vertére, -verti, -ver- 
sum, tr. (con & verto,) to 
turn; to resort to ; to appro- 
priate ; to convert into; to 
change; se in preces, to 
turn one’s self to entreating. 

Convicium, i, n. (con & vox,) 
loud noise; scolding; re- 
proach; abuse. 

Convivium, i, n. (con & vivo,) 
a feast; a banguet; an en- 
tertainment. 

Convoco, are, dvi, atum, tr. 
(con & voco,) to call to- 
gether ; to assemble. 

Convolvo, -vdlvére, -volvi, -vo- 
lutum, tr. (con & volvo,) 
to roll together; pass. to be 
rolled together: se, to roll 
one’s self up. 

Codperio, -perire, -perui, -per- 
tum, tr. (con & operio,) to 
cover. 

Copia, «, f. an abundance; a 
multitude; a swarm: Co- 
piz, pl. forces, troops. 

Copidse, adv. (itis, issime,) co- 
piously ; abundantly: from 
copidsus, from copia. 

Coquo, coquére, coxi, coctum, 
tr. to cook; to bake; to boil; 
to roast; hence, 





CONVALESCO—CORROSUS. 


Coquus, i, m. a cook. 

Cor, cordis, n. the heart. 
Coram, prep. 7 the presence 
of; before: adv. openly. 
Coreyra, x, f. an island on the 

coast of Epirus, now Corfu. 

Corinthius, a, um, adj. Corin- 
thian; belonging to Cor- 
inth. 

Corinthius, i,m. @ Corinthian. 
Corinthus, i, f. Corinth, a city 
of Achaia, in Greece. 
Coriol, drum, m. pl. @ town 

of Latium. 

Coriolanus, i, m. a distinguish- 
ed Roman general. 

Corium, i, n. the skin; the skin 
or hide of a beast; leather. 

Cornelia, , f. a noble Roman 
lady. 

Cornelius, i, m. the name of 
an illustrious tribe, or clan, 
at Rome, adj. Cornelian. 

Cornix, icis, f. a crow. 

Cornu, us, n. a horn ; 
(91). 137. 

Corona, x, f. a crown. 

Corpus, 6ris, n. a body ; a corpse. 

Correptus,a,um,part.(corripio.) 

Corrigo, -rigére, -rexi, -rectum, 
tr.(con & rego,) to set right ; 
to straighten; to make bet- 
ter; to correct. 

Corripio, -ripére, -ripui, -rep- 
tum, tr. (con & rapio,) to 
seize. 

Corrodo, rodére, rosi, rosum, 
tr. (con & rodo,) to gnaw; 
to corrode. 

Corrosus, a, um, part.(corrddo,) 


a tusk 


CORRUMPO—CRUDELIS. 


Corrumpo, 
-ruptum, tr. (con & rum- 
po.) to break up, (or thor- 
oughly;) to corrupt; to 





217 


-rumpére, -ripi,| Crebrd, adv. (crebrits, creber- 


rime,)} (creber,) frequently. 
Credo, -dére, -didi, -ditum, tr. 
to believe; to trust. 


bribe; to hurt; to violate; | Credilus, a, um, adj. (credo,) 


to seduce; to impair; to | 
| Creméra, 2, f. a river of Htru- 


destroy. 
Corruo, -ruére, -rui, intr. (con 


& ruo,) to fall down ; to de- 


cay. 


easy of belief; credulous. 


ria, near which the Fabian 
Jamily were defeated and 
destroyed. 


Corruptus, a, um, part. & adj.| Cremo, are, avi, atum, tr. to 


(corrumpo,) brijed; vitia- 
ted; foul; corrupt. 

Corsica, «x, f. an island in the 
Mediterranean sea, north 
of Sardinia. 

Corvinus, i, m. a surname giv- 
en to M. Valerius, from an 
incident in his life; from 

Corvus, i, m. @ raven. 

Corycius, a, um, adj. Corycian ; 
of Corycus. 

Corycus, i, m. the name of a city 
and mountain of Cilicia. 

Cos., an abbreviation of consul; 
Coss., of constiles; Gr. 891. 

Cotta, 2, m. a Roman coend- 
men, belonging to the Au- 
relian tribe. 

Crater, éris, m. @ goblet ; a era- 
ter ; the mouth of a volcano. 

Crates, étis, m. a Theban phi- 
losopher. 

Crassus, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family of the Lu- 
einian tribe. 

Creatus, a, um, part. (creo.) 


Creber, crebra, crebrum, adj. | 


(crebrior,creberrimus,) f7e- 
quent. 
19 


burn; to consume. 

Creo, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
make; to choose; to elect. 

Cresco, crescére, crevi, cre- 
tum, intr. (creo,) to spring 
up; to increase; to grow. 

Creta, 2, f. Crete, now Can- 
dia, an island in the Med- 
iterranean sea, south of the 
Cyclades. 

Cretensis, e, adj. belonging to 
Crete; Cretan. 

Crevi. See Cresco. 

Crimen, inis, n. @ crime; a 
Sault ; an accusation: ali- 
cul crimini dare, to charge 
as a crime against one. 

Crinis, is, m. the hair. 

Crixus, i, m. the name of a cel- 
ebrated gladiator. 

Crocodilus, i, m. a crocodile. 

Cruciatus, a, um, part. (erucio.) 

Cruciatus, tis, m. (id.) torture ; 
distress ; trouble; affliction. 

Crucio, dre, Avi, Atum, tr. 
(crux,) to crucify; to tor- 
ment; to torture. 

Crudélis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
cruel; (fr. crudus,) hence, 


218 


Crudeliter, adv. (its, issimé,) 
cruelly. 

Crudus, a, um, adj. (cruor,) 
properly, full of blood; 
crude; raw; unripe. 

Cruor, Oris, m. blood; gore. 

Crus, cruris, n. the leg; (from 
the knee to the ankle.) 

Crux, crucis, f. a cross. 

Cubitus, i, m., & Cubitum, i, 

(cubo, to recline,) the 
arm, from the elbow to the 
wrist; a cubit. 

Cucurri. See Curro. 

Cui, & Cujus. See Qui, & Quis. 

Giles 3 icis, m. a gnat. 

Culpa, x. f. a fault; guilt; 
blame; hence, 

Culpo, are, avi, atum, tr. fo 
blame. | 

Cultellus, i, m. (dim. from cul- 
ter,) a little knife; a knife. 

Cultus, a, um, part. (colo,) cv- 
tivated ; improved ; dressed. 

Cum, prep. with: adv. the 
same as quum, when: chm 
—tum, not only— but also ; 
as well—as also. 

Cunctatio, Onis, f. (cunctor,) 
delaying; adelaying ; hesi- 
tation. 

Cunctus, a, um, adj. all; the 
whole. 

Cuniciilus, i,m. a rabbit; a cony. 

Cupiditas, atis, f. (cupio,) @ 


wish; a desire; cupidity;' 


(with moderation.) 





CRUDELITER—CYCLADES. 


Cupiens, tis, part. from 

Cupio, ére, ivi, itum, tr. fo de. 
sire; to wish; to long for. 

Cur., adv. (abbreviated for 
quare,) why; wherefore. 

Cura, «, f. care; anxiety. 

Cures, ium, f. pl. a city of the 
aS 

Curia, «, f. a curia or ward; 
one of thirty parts into 
which the Roman people 
were divided; the senate 
house. 

Curiatii, drum, m. pl. the name 
of an Alban tribe. Three 
brothers belonging to this 
tribe fought with the Ho- 
ratit. 

Curo, are, divi, atum, tr. (cura,) 
to take care of; to care; to 
be concerned; to cure or heal. 

Curro, currére, cucurri, cur- 
sum, intr. to run; hence, 

Currus, is, m. @ chariot: and 

Cursor, Oris, m. (curro,) a rxn- 
ner; also a surname given 
to L. Papirius. 

Cursus, tis, (id.) a running; a 
course. . 

Curvus, a, um, adj. crooked. 

Custodia, «, f. (custos,) @ 
watch; a guard; a prison. 

Custodio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (id.) 
to guard ; to watch; to pre- 
serve; to keep safely. 

Custos, Gdis, c. a guard; a 
keeper. 


Cupido, inis, f desire; (with! Cutis, is, fi the skin. 


eagerness.) 


Cyaneus, a. um, adj. dark blue, 


Cupidus, a, um, adj. comp. (id.) Cyclades, um, f. pl. @ eluster 


desirous. 


of islands in the Archipela- 


CYCLOPES—DEBELLO 


go, which derive their name | 
from lying in a cirele. | 
Cyclopes, um, in. pl. the Qy- 
clops, giants of Sicily, liv-' 
ing near Aitna. 
Cydaus, i, m. a river of Cilicia. 
Cylléne, es, f. a@ mountain my 
Arcadia. 
Cymba, x, f. a boat; a skiff; a 
| 


i 
} 
| 


canoe. 
Cymbalum, i, n. a cymbal. 
Cynicus, i. m. a Cynic. 


"The 


Cynics were a sect of phi-\ 


losophers founded by Antis- 
thénes. 

Cynocephale, arum, f. pl. 
small hills near Scotussa in 
Thessaly. 

Cynocephali, drum, m. pl. a! 
people of India with heads 
like dogs. . | 

Cynocephalus, i, m. an Egyp- 
tian deity. | 

Cynosséma, tis, n. @ promon- : 
tory of Thrace, near. Sestos, | 
where queen Heciba was 
buried. 

Cynthus, i, m. @ hill near the 
town of Delos. 

Cyrén®, drum, f. pl. Cyrene, a 
city of Africa, the capital 
of Cyrenaica. 

Cyrenaica, x, f. a@ country in 
the northern part of Africa, 
so called from tts capital, 
Cyréne. LU | 

Cyrenzus, a, um, adj. Oyrene- 
an; belonging to Cyréne. 








219 


Cyrnus, i. f. a Greek name of 
the island of Corsica. 

Cyrus, i, m. Cyrus, the name 
of a Persian king. 

Cyzicus, i, f. the name of an 
island near Mysia, contain- 
ing a town of the same 
name. 


D. 


Deedalus, i, m. an tngenious 
Athenian artist, the son of 
Huphemus. 

Damno, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(damnum, loss,) to adjudge 
to loss of any kind ; to con- 
demn. 

Damnosus, a, um, adj. ijurt- 
ous; hurtful. 

Danaus, i, m. an ancient king 
of Argos, and brother of 
igyptus. 

Dandus, a, um, part. (do.) 

Dans, tis, part. (do.) 

Danubius, i, m. the Danube, 
a large river of Germany, 
called also the Ister, after 
its entrance into LIllyri- 
cum. 

Daps, dapis, f. a feast ; a meal. 

Dardania, «, f. a country and 
city of Asia Minor, near 
the Hellespont. 

Datiirus, a, um, part. (do.) 

Datus, a, um, part. (do.) 

De, prep. from; of; concern- 
ing; on account of. 


Cyrenensis, e, adj. Cyrenean; , Dea, 2, f. 61,4, a goddess. 57. 


of Cyrene. 


Debello, are, avi, atum, tr. (de 


220 


DEBEO—DEDUCO. 


& bello,) to put down by| Decimus, a, um, num. adj. ord. 


war; hence, to conquer ; to 
subdue. 

Debeo, ére, ui, itum, tr. (de & 
habeo,) to owe; to be obliged; 
with an infinitive, ought, or 
should. 

Debeor, éri, itus sum, pass. to 
be due. 

Debilito, dre, avi, atum, tr. 
(debilis,) to weaken ; to en- 
feeble. 

Debitus, a, um, part. (debeo,) 
due; deserved; owing. 
Decédo, -cedére, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, intr. (de & cedo,) to 
depart; to retire; to with- 

draw; to yield; to die. 

Decem, num. adj. fen. 

Decemviri, drum, m. pl. de- 
cemvirs, ten men appointed 
to prepare a code of laws 
for the ‘Romans, and by | 
whom the laws of the twelve | 
tables were formed. 


Decerno, -cernére, -crévi, cré- 
tum, tr. (de & cerno,) to. 
separate one thing from) 


another ; to gudge; to de- | 
cide; to fight; to contend ; 
to discern; to decree: bel: 


lum decrétum est, the man- | 


agement of the war was de- | 
‘ creed. 


Decerpo,-cerpére,-cerpsi,-cerp- | 


tum, tr. (de & carpo,) to' 
pluck off ; to pick ; to gather. 
Decido, -cidére, -cidi, intr. (de 
& cado,) to fall, (viz: from 
or down:) dentes decidunt, 
the teeth fail, or come out. 


(decem,) the tenth. 
Decius, i, m. the name of sev- 
eral Romans distinguished 
for their patriotism. 
Declaro, are, avi, datum, tr. (de 
& claro, to make clear ;) to 
declare; to show. 
Decoctus, a, um, part. from 
Decoquo, -coquére, -coxi, -coc- 
tum, tr. (de & coquo,) to 
boil down; to boil. 
Decorus, a, um, adj. (decor,) e- 
coming ; handsome ; adorn- 
| ed; decorous; Sean ful. 

Decrétus, a, um, part. (de- 
cerno.) 

Decresco, -crescére, -crévi, intr. 
(de & cresco,) to sink down, 
or subside; to decrease ; to 
diminish; to fall to decay. 

Decumbo, -cumbére, -cubui, 
intr. (de & cubo) tole down. 

| Decurro, -currére, -curri, -cur- 
sum, intr. (de & curro,) to 
run down ; to flow down. 

Decus, oris, n. (deceo,) an or- 
nament. 

Dedi. See Do. 

| Dedidi. See Dedo. 

Deditio, Onis, f. (dedo,) a gtv- 
ing up; a surrender. 

' Deditus, a, um, part. (dedo.) 

| Dedo, dedére, dedidi, deditum, 

tr. (de & do,) to give up; to 

surrender ; to deliver up ; to 
| addict or deute one’s self. 
Dediico, -ducére, -duxi, -duc- 
| tum, tr. (de & duco,) to lead 
or draw downwards ; to lead 
Sorth ; to bring; to lead. 


DEFATIGO—DELINQUO. 


Defatigo, are, avi, atum, tr. (de 
& fatigo,) to weary out; to 
fatigue. 

Detendo, -fendére, -fendi, -fen- 
sum,tr.(de & fendo, obsol, to 
hit;) to defend; to protect. 

Defensus, a, um, part. (defen- 
do.) 

Deféro, -ferre, -tiili, -latum, tr. 
ir. (de & fero,) to bring, 
(viz: down, or along;) to 
convey; to proffer; to con- 
fer; to give. 

Deficiens, tis, part. from 

Deficio, -ficére, -féci, -fectum, 
tr. & intr. (de & facio,) to 
jail; to abandon; to be 
wanting; to decrease ; to be 
eclipsed; to revolt. 

Defleo, ére, Evi, étum, (de & 
fleo,) to deplore; to bewail ; 
to lament; to weep for. 

Defluo, -fluére, -fluxi, -fluxum, 
intr. (de & fluo,) to flow 
down. 

Defodio, -fodére, -fddi, -fossum, 
tr. (de & fodio, to dig 

down ;) to bury; to inter. 

Deformitas, atis, f. (deformis,) 
deformity ; ugliness. 

Defossus, a, um, part.(defodio.) 

Defunctus, a, um, part. fin- 


tshed: defunctus or defunc- | 


tus vita, dead; from 
Defungor, -fungi,-functus sum, 


intr. dep. (de & fungor,) to_ 


execute; to perform; to be 
Sree from; to finish. 
Degens, tis, part. from 
Dego, degére, degi, tr. & intr. 











22] 


(de & ago,) to lead; to live; 
to dwell: degére extatem, 
to lve. 

Degusto, are, Avi, atum, tr. (de 
& gusto,) to taste. 

Deinde, adv. (de & inde,) than ; 
further ; after that; next. 

Deiotairus, i,m. @ man who 
was made king of Galatia, 
by the Roman senate, by 
the favor of Pompey. 

Dejectus, a, um, part. from 

Dejicio,-jicére,-jéci, -jectum, tr. 
(de & jacio,) to throw, or 
cast down. 

Delabor,-labi, lapsus sum, intr. 
dep. (de & labor,) to fall; 
to glide down; to flow. 

Delatus, a, um, part. (deféro,) 
carried down; conferred. 

Delecto, are, avi, atum, tr. (de 
& lacto,) to allure; to de- 
light; to please. 

Delectus, a, um, part. (deligo.) 

Delendus, a, um, part. to be de- 
stroyed; from 

Deleo, Gre, Evi, étum,. tr. (de 
& leo, to daub;) to extin- 
guish; to destroy. 

Delicie, drum, f. pl. (delicio,) 
delights ; diversions ; plea- 

. sures. 

Delictum, i, n. (delinquo,) a 
neglect of duty; a fault; 
crime. 

Deligo, -ligére, -légi, -lectum, 
tr. (de & lego,) to select ; to 
choose. 

Delinquo, -linquére, -liqui, -lic- 

tum, tr. (de & linquo,) ¢o 


222 


fail in duty; to offend; to 
do wrong. 

Delphicus, a, um, adj. Delphic, 
belonging to Delphi. 

Delphi, orum, m. pl. a town of 
Phocis, famous for the tem- 
ple and oracle of Apollo. 

Delphinus, i, m. a dolphin. 

Delta, x, f. a part of Egypt, 
so called from its resem- 
blance to the Greek letter 
delta, 4. 

Delibrum, i, n. (deluo, to pu- 
rify;) a temple; a shrine. 

Delus or os, i, f. an island in 
the digean sea; the birth 
place of Apollo and Diana. 

Demaratus, i, m. a Corinthian, 
father of the elder Tarquin. 

Demergo, -mergére, -mersi, 
-mersum, tr. (de & mergo,) 
to plunge; to sink. 

Demersus, a, um, part. 

Demetrius, i,m. a Greek prop- 
er name. 

Demissus, a, um, part. cast 
down; descending; from 

Demitto,- mittére, -misi, -mis- 
sum, tr. (de & mitto,) to 
send down; to let down; to 
drop. 

Democritus, i, m. a Grecian 
philosopher, born at Abdéra. 

Demonstro, are, Avi, Atum, tr. 
(de & monstro,) to point 
out; to show; to demon- 
strate; to prove. 

Demosthénes, is, m. the most 
celebrated of the Athenian 
orators. 

Demum, adv. at length; not 


a 
eS 


DELPHICUS—DEPULSO. 


till then; at last; only; in 

Sine. 

| Deni, «, a, dis. num. adj. pl. 

every ten; ten; by tens. 

| Denique, adv. finally; at last. 

Dens, tis, m. a tooth. 

Densus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
thick. 

Dentatus, i, m. (Siccius,) a 
brave Roman soldier. 

Denuntio or -cio, are, Avi, 
atum, tr. (de & nuntio,) 
prop. to make known; to 
foreshow; to proclaim; to 
declare ; to denounce. 

Depascor, -pasci, -pastus sum, 
tr. dep. (de & pascor,) to 
Seed upon; to eat up; to 
feed. 

Depingo, -pingére, -pinxi, -pic- 
tum, tr. (de & pingo,) to 
paint; to depict; to de- 
scribe; to exhilnt. 

Deploro, are, avi, atum, tr. (de 
& ploro,) to deplore; to 
weep for; to mourn. 

Depono, -ponére, -posui, -posi- 
tum, tr. (de & pono,) to 
lay down or aside. 

Depopulatus, a, um, part. from 

Depopitlor, ari, tus sum, tr. 
dep. (de & popiilus,) to lay 
waste. 

Deporto, are, avi, atum, tr. (de 
& porto,) to carry down. 

Deprehendo, -prehendére,-pre- 
hendi, -prehensum, tr. (de 
& prehendo,) to seize; to 
catch; to detect. 

Deprehensus, a, um, part. 

Depulso, are, avi, atum, tr. 





DESCENDO—DEVOLO. 


freq. (de & pulso,) to push 
away; to keep off; to repel. 

Descendo, -scendére, -scendi, 
-scensum, intr. (de & scan- | 
do,) to descend: in certa-| 
men descendére, to engage | 
in a contest: descenditur | 
imp. one descends; we de- 
scend; Id. 76, Note. 

Describo, -scribére, -scripsi, | 
scriptum, tr. (de & scribo,) i 
prop. to write down; to de-' 
scribe; to divide; to order. 

Deséro, -serére, -serui, -sertum, 
tr. (de & sero,) to desert ; to 
forsake; to abandon: (op- 
posite ofsero, 238,3,479.) 

Desertum, i, n. a desert; from 

Desertus, a, um, part. & adj. 
(comp.) deserted; waste ; 
desolate; desert. 

Desiderium, i, n. (desidéro, to 
desire:) a longing for; a 
desire; love; affection; re- 
gret; grief. 

Desino, sinére, sivi, and sii 
situm, intr. (de & sino,) to 
leave off; to terminate; to 
cease; to end; to renounce. 
Note—An ace. after this 
verb is governed by an in- 
finitive understood. 

Desperatus, a, um, part. & adj. 
comp. despaired of; past 
hope; desperate; hopeless: 
from 

Despéro, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(de & spero,) to despair: | 
Gr. 238, 3, £79. 

Desponsiitus, a, um, part. from 

Desponso, are, Avi, atum, tr. 


225 


freq. (despondeo.) to pro- 
mise in marriage; to be- 
troth ; to affiance. 

Destino, are, avi, datum, tr. 
prop.to fix ; to destine ; to ap- 
point ; to resolve; to aim at. 

Desum, -esse, fais -intr. irr. 
(de & sum.) to be wanting ; 
238, 3, 479. 

Deterior, adj. compar. (sup. 
deterrimus, § 26, 4,) worse. 

Deterreo, ére, ui, itum, tr. 
(de & terreo,) to frighten 
Jrom; to deter. 

Detestor, ari, atus sum, tr. 
dep. (de & testor,) to call 
to witness; to wish (as a 
curse): to deprecate; to de- 
test. 

Detractus, a, um, part. from 

Detraho, -trahcre, -traxi, -trac- 
tum, tr. (de & traho,) to 
draw down or away; to 
draw off’; to take from. 

Detrimentum, i, n. (detéro,) 
detriment ; damage; harm; 
loss. 

Deus, i, m. God; a god. 

Devého,-vehéve.-vexi,-vectum, 
tr. (de & veho,) to carry 
down, or aawoy. 

Reverie a, um, adi. sloping; 
inclining. 

Devictus, a, um, part. from 

Devinco,-vincére,-vicl-victum, 
ir. (de & vince,’ to con- 
quer; to subdue; to over- 
come. 


Devolo, are, avi, datum, mtr. 


(de & volo,) to fly chwas 
to fly away. 


224 DEVORO—DILIGO. 


Devoro, are, avi, atum, tr. (de | Différens, tis, adj. different; 


& voro,) to devour; toeat| differing; from 
Up. Différo, differre, disttli, dila- 
Devotus, a, um, part. from tum, tr. & intr. ir. (dis & 
Devoveo, -vovére, -vOvi, -v6- fero,) to carry apart. or in 
tum, tr. (de & voveo,) to different directions ; to car- 
vow; to devote; to conse- ry up and down; to scat- 
crate. ter; to disperse; to spread 
Dexter, éra, €rum, 07 ra, rum, abroad; to publish; to de- 
§ 20, 3, adj. right; on the Ser; to be different. 
righthand. 190, 8. Ditiicile, adv. (itis, limé,) déffi- 
Dextra, 2, f. the right hand. cultly ; with difficulty ; from 


Diadéma, atis, n. a diadem; a) Difficilis, e, adj. comp. (dis & 
white fillet worn upon the facilis,) difficult ; 239, Obs. 
heads of kings. 1, hence, 487, 2. 

Diagoras, x, m. a@ Lhodian| Difficultas, atis, f. difficulty ; 
who died of excessive joy, | trouble; poverty. 
because his three sons were | Digitus, i, m.a finger; a fin- 
victorious at the Olympic gers breadth. 
games. Dignatus. a, um, part. (dig- 

Diana, x, f. the daughter of nor,) vouchsafing ; thought 
Jupiter and Latoéna, and worthy. 





sister of Apollo. | Dignitas, atis, f. (dignus,) dig- 
Dico, are, avi, atum, tr. to con- nity; office; honor. 
secrate; to dedicate; from | Dignor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
Dico, dicére, dixi, dictum, tr. to think worthy; to vouch- 
to say; to name; to call. safe; to deign; from 
Dictator, dris, m. a dictator ;' Dignus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
a chief magistrate, elected ~ mus,) worthy. 
on special occasions, and Dilanio, are, avi, atum, tr. (dis 
vested with absolute author- & lanio,) to tear or rend in 
ety; from |) gbeeese 
Ditto, are, avi, atum, freq. to | Diligenter, ady. (ius issime,) 
say often; to dictate. diligently; carefully; fr. 
Dictum, i, n, (dico,) a word;| — diligens. 
an expression. Diligo,-tigére, -lexi, -lectum, tr. 
Dictus, a, um, part. (dico.) (dis & lego,) to select care- 
Dies, Gi, m. or fiinsing.,m.in| fully; to esteem a thing for 
pl., a day; in dies, daily; its value; hence, to love. 


every day. See amo. 


DIMICATIO—DISSERO. 


Dimicatio, dnis, f. a fight; a 
contest; a battle; trom 
Dimico, are, Avi, (or ui,) atum, 


intr, (dis & mico, to glit-| 


ter,) to fight: viz., with 
swords gleafning: dimica- 
tum est, a battle was 
fought. 

Dimissus, a, um, part. from 

Dimitto, -mittére, -misi, -mis- 
sum, tr. (dis & mitto,) ¢o 
send away; to dismiss; to 
let go. 

Diogénes, is, m. an eminent 
Cynic philosopher, born at 
Sinope, a city of Asia Ih- 
nor. 

Diomédes, is, m. a Grecian 
warrior ; also, a cruel king 
of Thrace. 

Dionysius, i, m. the name of 
two tyrants of Syracuse. 
Diremptiirus, a, um, part. (di- 
rimo,) about to decide. 
Direptus, a, um, part. (diripio.) 
Dirimo, -imére, -émi, -emptum, 
tr. (dis & emo,) properly, 
to take one thing from an- 
other; to divide; to part; 

to separate; to decide. 

Diripio, -ripére, -ripui, -reptum, 
tr. (dis & rapio,) to tear 
asunder ; torob ; to plunder; 
to pillage; to destroy. 

Diruo, -ruére, -rui, -riitum, tr. 
(dis & ruo,) to pull down; 
to overthrow; to raze; to 
destroy. 

Dirus, a, um, adj. frightful; 
terrible; direful; ominous. 

Diriitus, a, um, part. (diruo.) 








223 


Discédo,-cedére,-cessi, -cessum, 
intr. (dis & cedo,) to go 
away; to depart. 

Discerpo, -cerpére, -cerpsi, 
cerptum, tr. (dis & carpo,) 


to tear asunder, or in 
preces. 

Discerptus, a, um, part. (dis- 
cerpo.) 


Disciptilus, i, m. (disco,) @ pu- 
pil; a scholar. 

Disco, discére, didici, tr. to 
learn. 

Discordia, e, f. (discors, dis & 
cor,) discord ; disagreement; 
the Goddess Discord. 

Discordo, are, avi, atum, intr. 
(ad,) to differ in feeling ; to 
be at variance; to differ. 

Discrépo, are, avi, or ui, itum, 
intr. (dis & crepo,) to dif- 
Jer in sound; to differ; to 
disagree. 

Diserte, adv. (ius, issime,) 
clearly ; eloquently. 

Disputatio, Onis, f. a dispute ; 
a discourse; a discussion; 
from 

Disptito, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(dis & puto,) to be of oppo- 
site sentiments; hence, to 
dispute; to discuss; to dis- 
course. 

Dissemino, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(dis & semino,) to spread 
abroad; to scatter; to pre- 
mulgate. 

Disséro, -serére, -serul, -ser- 
tum, tr. (dis & sero, to 
plait;) to unplait; 239, 
to disentangle; hence, to 


226 


explain; to discourse; to 
reason; to debate; to say. 

Dissidium, i, n. (dissideo,) a 
disagreement ; a dissension. 

Dissimilis, e, adj. (comp. § 26, 
1,) unlike; dissimalar; tr. 
dis & similis. 229. 

Distans, tis, part. (disto, ) stand- 
ing asunder; differing; 
distant; being divided. 

Distinguo, -stinguére, -stinxi, 
stinctum, tr. (di & stinguo,) 
to distinguish, (viz: by 
marks ;) to mark ; to adorn ; 
to. vartegate; to spot; to 
sprinkle. 

Disto, stare, intr. (di & sto,) 
intr. to stand apart; to be 
distant; to be divided; to 
differ. 

Distribuo,-tribuére, -tribui, -tri- 
bitum, (dis & tribuo,) to 
distribute; to divide. 

Ditis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) rich. 

Diu, adv. (utilis, utissime,) 
(dies, )long ; for a long time. 

Diurnus, a, um, ad}. (id.) dacly. 

Diutinus, a, um, adj. (diu,) 
continual; long continued. 

Diuturnitas, atis, f. long con- 
tinuance; duration; from 

Diuturnus; a, um, adj. (diu,) 
long; lasting; ior, 224. 

Divello, -vellére, -velli, or vul- 
si,-vulsum, tr. (di & vello,) 
to pull asunder; to sepa- 
rate; to disjoin; to tear off. 

Diversus, a, um, adj. part. (ff. 
diverto,) turned different 
ways; different. 





DISSIDIUM—DOMICILIUM. 


Dives, itis, adj. rich; wealthly; 
Jeriule ; fruatful. 

Divido, dividére, divisi, divi- 
sum, tr..(di & iduo, obsol. to 
divide ;) to divide; to sepa- 
rate; to distribute. 

Divinus, a, um. adj. (comp.) 
divine; heavenly; fr. divus. 

Divisus, a, um, part. (divido.) 

Divitie, arum, f. pl. (dives,) 
riches ; wealth. 

Divulsus, a, um, part. (divello.) 

Do, dare, dédi, datum, tr. to 
give; to grant; to surren- 
der: poenas, to suffer pun- 
ishment: crimini, to impute 
asacrime; to accuse : finem, 
to terminate: nomen, to 
give name. 

Doceo, Ere, ui, tum, tr. to teach. 

Docilitas, atis, f: (doceo,) do- 
eility ; teachableness. 

Doctrina, 2, f. (doceo,) irstrue- 
tion; education; doctrine. 


| Doctus, a, um, part. & adj. 


comp. (doceo,) taught; 
learned. 

Dodona, ex, f. a town and for- 
est of Epirus, where were a 
temple and oracle of Jupiter. 

Doleo, ére, ui, intr. to grieve; 
to sorrow; to be in pain. 

Dolor, oris, m. (doleo,) pain; 
sorrow; grief. 

Dolus, i, m. a device; ‘a trick; 
a stratagem ; guile ; artifice. 

Domesticus, a, um, adj. (do- 
mus,) domestic. 

Domicilium, i, n. (id.) a hadi- 
tation; a house; an abode. 


DOMINA—ECCE. 227 


Domina, x, f. (dominus,) a | exequias, to perform fune- 
mistress. ral rites: murum, to build 
Dominatio, Onis, f. govern- | a wall. 


ment, absolute power; do-| Ductus, a, um, part. led. 
minion; usurpation; des-| Duillius, i,m. (Caius,) a o- 


potism: from man commander, who first 
Dominus, i, m. (domus,) mas-| ‘conquered the Carthagini- 
ter; owner, lord. ans in anaval engagement. 
Domitus, a, um, part. from Dulcis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
Domo, Are, ui, itum, tr. to sazb- sweet; pleasant. 
due ; to tame ; to overpower; | Dum, adv. & conj. while; whilst; 
to conquer ; to vanquish. as long as; until. 
Domus, as, & i, f. 93, 5, a@| Duo, x, 0. num. adj. pl. 104, 3, 
house: domi, at home: do- two. 2038. 
mo, from home: domum,} Duodécim, num. adj. ind. pl. 
home. 44. (duo & decem,) twelve; 
Donec, adv. until; as long as. hence, 


Dono, are, avi, atum, tr. (do-| Duodecimus, a, um, num. adj. 
num,) to give freely; to ord. the twelfth. 


resent. Duodeviginti, num. adj. ind. 
~ Donum, i, n. (do,) a free gift; pl. (duo, de & viginti, 104, 
an offering ; a present. 1,) eighteen. 208. 
Dormio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. to} Duritia, «2, & Durities, Gi, f. 
sleep. hardness ; from 
Dorsum, i, n. the back. Durus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
Dos, dotis, fa portion ; adowry. mus,) hard; severe; harsh; 
Draco, Onis, m. a dragon; a unfavorable. : 
species of serpent. Dux, cis,c (duco,) a leader ; a 
Druide, drum, m. pl. Druids, guide; a commander. 
priests of the ancient bri- 
tons and Gauls. E. 
Dubitatio, dnis, f. a doubt; hes- 
atation; question: from E, ex, prep. out of; from; of; 
Dubito, are, avi, atum, intr. among. 
(dubius,) to hesitate; to| Ea. See Is. 
doubt. Eb.bo, -bibére, -bibi, -bibitum, 
Ducenti, 2, a, num. adj. pl ¢wo tr. (e & bibo,) to drink up- 
hundred. Ebriétas, Atis, f. (ebrius,) 
Duco, cére, xi, ctum, tr. fo | drunkenness. 
lead; to conduct: uxodrem,| Ebur, oris, n. vvory: 





to take a wife; to marry:' Ecce, int. See! lo! behold! 


228 


EDICO—ELEUSINII. 


Edico, -dicére, -dixi, -dictum,, Effiisus, a, um, peid poured 


tr. (e & dico,) to proclaim ; 
to announce ; to publish ; to 
order. 

Edidi. See Edo. 

Editus, a, um, part. published ; 
uttered; produced; from 

Edo, -dére, «didi, -ditum, tr. (e 
& do,) to give out; to pub- 
lish; to cause; to occasion ; 
to produce; to make: spec- 
tactilum edére, to give an 
exhibition. 

Edo, edére or esse, edi, esum, 
ir. irr. c§ 83, 9,.t0 eat; to 
consume. 431. 

Educatus, a, um, part. from 

Ediico, are, avi, atum, tr. (e & 
duco,) to bring up; to edu- 
cate; to instruct. 

Ediico, -ducére, -duxi,-ductum, 
tr. (e & duco,) to lead forth ; 
to bring forth; to produce; 
to draw out. 

Efficio, -ficére, -féci, -fectum, 
tr. (e & facio,) to effect ; to 
make; to form; to cause; 
to accomplish. 

Effigies, ici, f. (effingo,) an 
image; an effigy. 

Efflo, are, avi, atum, tr. (e & 
flo,) to breathe out: ani- 
mam, to die; to expire. 


Effugio, -fugére, -figi, -fugi- | 


tum, tr. & intr. (e & fugio,) 
to fly from, to escape, to flee. 
Effundo, -fundére, -fidi, -fi- 
sum, tr. (e & fundo,) to 
pour out; to spill; to dis- 
charge; to waste; to over- 
Slow ; to extend or spread. 


} 








out; wasted. 

Egeria, «, f. a nymph of the 
Aricinian grove, and from 
whom Numa professed te 
receive instructions respect- 
ing religious rites. 

Egéro, -gerére, -gessi, -gesturn, 
tr. (e & gero,) to carry out; 
to cast forth; to throw out. 

Egestus, a, um, part. , 

Kgi. See Ago. 

Ego, mei, subs. pro. 7; 237. 

Egredior, -grédi, -gressus sum, 
intr. dep. (e & gradior,)to go 
out; to over flow; to go beyond. 

Egregie, adv. in a distinguished 
manner; excellently; fa- 
mously; from 

Egregius, a, um, adj. (e& grex,) 
properly, chosen from the 
flock ; hence, distinguished ; 
eminent; choice. 

Egressus, a, um, part. (egre- 
dior.) 

Kjusmodi, pro. (genitive of is 
& modus,) such; such like; 
of the same sort. 

Elabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, intr. 
dep. (e & labor,) to glide 
away; to escape. 

Elapsus, a, um, part. having 

assed. 

Elephantis, idis, f. an island 
and city tn the southern 
part of Egypt. 

Elephantus, i, & Eléphas, an- 
tis, m. an elephant. 

Eleusinii, drum, m. pl. the Hleu- 
sinians ; the inhabitants of 
Eleusis. . 


ELEUSIS—EPISTOLA. 


Eleusis & -in, inis, f. a town 
of Attica, aa to Ceres. 

Ellido, -lidére, -lisi, -lisum, tr. 
(e & ledo,) to strike out ; to 
dash in pieces; to crush. 

Eligo, -ligére, -légi, -lectum, tr. 
(e & lego,) to pick out; to 
choose; to select. 

Eloquens, tis, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (eloquor,) eloquent. 

Eloquentia, 2, f. (id.) elo- 

quence. 

Eloquor, -loqui, -lociitus sum, 
tr. dep. (e & loquor,) to 
speak out; to say; to de- 
clare; to tell. 

Eluceo, -lucére, -luxi, intr. (e 
& luceo,) to shine forth. 
Emergo,-mergére,-mersi, -mer- 
sum, intr. (e & mergo,) to 
emerge; to come out; to 

rise up. 

Emineo, ére, ui, intr. (e & 
mineo, obsol. to stand, or 
appear above ; hence,) to be 
eminent; to rise above; to 
be conspicuous; to be dis- 
tinguished; to appear. 

Emitto, -mittére, -misi, -mis- 
‘sum, tr. (e & mitto,) to 
send forth; to discharge. 

Emo, emére, emi, emptum, tr. 
primarily, to take : common- 
ly, to buy; to purchase. 

Emorior, -mori, or moriri,-mor- 
tuus sum, intr. dep. to die. 

Emptus, a, um, part. (emo.) 

Enascor “hasci,-natus sum, intr. 





229 


Enatus, a, um, part. born of. 

Enéco,-necare,-necavi or -nec- 
ul,-necatumi, tr. (e & neco,) 
to kill (outright.) 

Enervo, are, avi, atum, tr. fo 
unnerve, or enervate ; to en- 
feeble; to weaken. 

Enim, conj. for; but; 
endeed. 

Enna, 2, f. a town of Sicily. 

Kinnius, i, m. @ very ancient 
Roman poet. 

Enuntio, or -cio, are, avi, atum, 
tr. (e & nuntio, 97 -cio,) to 
say, or tell out; to pro- 
claim; to disclose; to di- 
vulge. 

Eo, ire, ivi, itum, intr. irr. § 83, 
3, to go. 413. 

Ko, adv. (i. e. eo loco,)thither ; 
to that degree; to that 
pitch; to that degree of 
eminence. 

Kous, i, m. the morning star. 

EKous, a, um, adj. eastern; the 
eastern. 

Epaminondas, «, m. a distin- 
guished Theban general. 
Ephésus, i, m. a@ city on the 
western coast of lonia,near 

the river Cayster. 

Ephialtes, is, @ giant, the son 
of Neptune, or of Aldeus, 
and brother of Otos. 


truly ; 


| Epimenides, is, m. a@ poet of 


Gnossus, in Crete. 
Epirus, i, f. a country in the 
western part of Greece. 


dep. to spring from, or up; | Epistola, x, f. an episile; a 


to be born; to arise. 


letter. 


230 


Epiilor, ari, atus sum, intr. 
dep. to feast ; to feast upon ; 
to eat; from 

Epiilum, i, n. sing., & Epiile, 
arum, f. pl. a solemn feast ; 
a banquet; a feast. 186. 

Eques, itis, m. (equus,) a 
knight; a horseman: equi- 
tes, pl. knights; horsemen; 
cavalry. 

Equidem, conj. (ego & qui- 
dem,) indeed; I for my 
part; (joined mostly with 
verbs of the first person.) 

Equitatus, Gs, m. (equito,)cav- 
alry. 

Equus, i, m. a horse. 

Eram, Ero, &e. SeeSum, 277. 

Ereptus, a, um, part. (eripio.) 

Erea, prep. towards. 

Ervo, conj. therefore. 

Hrinaceus, i, m. a hedgehog. 

Kripio, -ripére, -ripui, -reptum, 
tr. (e & rapio,)to tear from ; 
to take from; to rescue; to 
take away; to deliver. 

Erro, are, vi, datum, intr. to 
wander; to err; to stray; 
to roam. 

Erddo, -rodére, -rdsi, -rdsum, 
tr. (e & rodo,) to gnaw 
away; to consume; to eat 
into. 

Erudio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (e & 
rudis,) to free from a rude 
state; henee, to instruct; 
to form; hence, 

Kruditio, dnis, f cnstruction ; 
learning. 

Eruditus, a, um, part. (erudio.) 

Esse, Essem, &c. See Sum. 








EPULOR—EUROPA. 


Esuriens, tis, part. hungry; be 
tng hungry; from 

Esurio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. to. 
be hungry. 

Et, conj. and; also; even: et 
—et, both—and. 

Etiam, conj. (et & jam,) also ; 
especially; with an adjec- 
tive or adverb in the com- 
parative degree, even. 

Etruria, «, f. a country of 
Italy, north and west of the 
Tiber; Tuscany. 

Etrusci, drum, m. pl. the peo- 
ple of Htruria; the Tus- 
cans or Htrurians. 

Ktruscus, a, um. adj. belonging 
to Ktruria; Tuscan or 
Etrurian. 

EKubeea, e, fa large island in 
the digean sea,near beotia. 

Euménes, is, m. a@ general in 
Alexander's army ; also, the 
name of several kings of 
Pergamus. 

Euns, for iens, part. of eo. 

Eupheémus, i, m. the father of 
Dedilus. 

Euphrates, is, m. a large river 
which forms the western 
boundary of Mesopotamia. 

Euripides, is, m. @ celebrated 
Athenian tragic poet. 

Euripus, i, m. a narrow strait 
between Baotiaand Hubea. 

Europa, x, f. Hurope, one of the 
quarters of the earth, sup- 
posed to have been named 

rom Huropa, the daughter 
of Agénor, king of Pha- 


NCUA. 


EUROTAS—EXCOLO. 


Eurotas, x, m. a river of La- 
conta, near Sparta. 

Euxinus, i, m. from Ev§evvos, 
(hospitable,) (pontus,) the 
Euxine, now the Black Sea. 

Evado, -vadére, -vasi, -vastim, 
tr. &intr. (e & vado,) to go 
out ; to escape ; to become. 

Everto, -vertére, -verti, -ver- 
sum, tr. (e & verto,) to 
overturn; to destroy. 

Eversus, a, um, part. 
turned; destroyed. 

Evoco, are, avi, atum, tr. (e & 
voco,) to call out; to sum- 
mon; to implore. 

Evolo, are, avi, atum, intr. (e 
& volo,) to fly out or away. 

Evoémo, -vomére, -vomui, -vom- 
itum, tr. (e & vomo,) to 
vomit forth; to discharge. 

Ex, prep. (before a vowel.) 
See E. 

Exactus, a, um, part. (exigo,) 
banished; driven away. 
Exequo, are, avi, datum, tr. (ex 
& wquo,) to make equal ; to 

equal. 

Exanimo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex 
& anima,) to deprive of life ; 
to kill; to render lifeless. 

Exardeseo, -ardesctre, -arsi, 
intr. inc. to burn; to be- 
come inflamed; to kindle ; 
to become excited; to be en- 


over- 


raged: bellum exarsit, a! 


war broke out. 

Exaspéro, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(ex and aspéro, to make 
rough; tr. asper,) to exus- 
perate; to incense. 


231 


Exceco, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(ex & cecus,) to make 
blind; to blind. 

Excédo, -cedére, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, intr. (ex & cedo,) to 
go forth or out; to depart ; 
tr. to exceed ; to surpass ; to 
go beyond. 

Excello, -cellére, -cellui, -cel- 
sum, intr. (ex & cello, ob- 
sol. to move ;) to be high ;— 
to excel; to be eminent. 

Excelsus, a, um, adj. (comp. 
excelsior,) high; lofty. 

Excidium, i, n. destruction; 
ruin; from 

Excido, -cidére, -cidi, intr. (ex 
& cado,) to fall out or from; 
to fall; to drop; to perish. 

Excido, -cidére, -cidi, -cisum, 
tr. (ex & czdo,) to cut out; 
to eut down; to hew out. 

Excisus, a, um, part. 

Excipio, -cipére, -cépi, -cep- 
tum, tr. (ex & capio,) to 
take out; to except; to re- 
ceive ; to support ; to follow ; 
to succeed; to sustain. 

Excitandus, a, um, part. from 

Excito, are, dvi, datum, tr. 
freq. (excieo,) to excite; to 
awaken ; to arouse; to stir 
Up. 

Exclamo, dre, avi, datum, tr. 
(ex & clamo,) to ery out; 
to exclaim. 

Exclido, -cludére, -cliisi, -cli- 
sum, tr. (ex & claudo,) to 
shut out; to exclude; to 





| hatch. 
Excolo, -colére, -colui, -cultum, 


232 


tr. (ex & colo,) to cultivate : 
to exercise. 


EXCRUCIO—EXPEDIO. 


(ex & solum,) exile; ban- 
eshment. 


Excrucio, are, avi, atum, tr.| Eximie,adv. remarkably ; very; 


(ex & crucio,) to torture; 
to torment ; to trouble; § 91, 
4, 480. 

Excubie, drum, f. pl. (excitibo,) 
a guard; awatch; a senti- 
nel; 
See vigilia & statio. | 

Excusatio, Onis, f. (exctiso,) 
an excusing; an excuse; 
an apology. 

Exédo, -edére & esse, -édi, 
-ésum, 
§ 83, 9,) to eat; to eat up; 
to dcvour. £31. 480. 

Exemplim, i, n. an example ; 
an instance. 

Exequie. See Exsequie. 

Exerceo, ére, ui, itum, tr. (ex 
& arceo,) to exercise; to 
train; to discipline; to 
practice: agrum, to culti- 
vate the earth. 

Exercitus, is, m. an army; (a 
body of disciplined troops.) 

Exhaurio, -haurire,  -bausi, 
-haustum, tr. (ex & hau- 
rio,) to draw out; to ex- 
haust; to drain; to wear 
out ; to impoverish. 

Exigo, -igére, -égi, -actum, tr. 
(ex & ago,) to drive away ; 
to banish. 

Exiguus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
little; small; 
parvus. 

Exilis, e, adj. (exilior, § 26, 1,) 
slender ; small; thin. 

Exilium, and Exsilium, i, n. 


scanty; see 


(generally by night.) | Existimo, are, Avi, 


Pear. (Ox, Edo, 


from 

Eximius, a, um, adj. (eximo,) 
extraordinary ; remarkable. 

Existimatio, Onis, f. opinion; 
reputation; respect; from 

atum, tr. 
(ex & wstimo,) to judge, or 
think ; to imagine; to sup- 

ose. 

Exitium, i, n. (exeo,) properly 
assue ; end: usually destruc- 
tion; ruin. 

Exitus, tis, m. (id.) an exit; 
the event; the itssue; an 
outlet. 

Exoratus, a, um, part. (ex6ro,) 
entreated; influenced; in- 
duced. 

Exorior, -oriri, -ortus sum, intr. 
dep. (ex & orior,) to rise 
up, or out of; to arise; to 
appear. 

Exorno, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex 
& orno,) to adorn; to 
deck. 

Exoro, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex 
& oro,) to entreat or beseech 
earnestly. 238, 4, 480. 

Exortus, a, um, part. (exorior,) 
risen; having arisen. 

Expecto, or -specto, are, Avi, 
atum, tr. (ex & specto,) to 
look for; to wait for. 

Expedio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (ex 
& pes,) properly to take the 
foot out of confinement; 
hence, to free ; to extricate ; 
te expedite: expédit, imp. 


EXPEDITIO—EXTORQUEO. 


tt is fit; it is expedient ; 
hence, 

Expeditio, dnis, f. an expedition. 

Expello, -pellére, -puli, -pul- 
sum, tr. (ex & pello,) to 
drive out; to expel; to ban- 
ash. 

Expers, tis, adj. (ex & pars,) 
having no part in; hence, 
without; devoid; void of; 
destitute of. 

Expéto, ére, ivi, itum, tr. (ex 
& peto,) to ask; to demand; 
to strive after; to seek ear- 
nestly. 

Expio, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex 
& pio,) to free from the pol- 
lumon of some crime or of- 
fence; to expiate; to ap- 
pease. 

Expleo, ére, évi, étum, tr. (ex 
& pleo,) to fill up; to jill 
full. 

Explico, are, avi, & ui, atum, 
& itum, tr. (ex & plico,) to 
unfold; to spread; to ex- 
plain. 

Explorator, dris, m. (expldro,) 
a spy; & scout. 

Expolio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (ex & 
polio,) to polish; to adorn; 
toimprove; to finish. 238, 4. 

Expono, ponére, -posul, -posi- 
tum, tr. (ex & pono,) to set 
forth; to expose; to explain. 

Exprobro, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(ex & probrum,) to upbraid; 
to blame; to reproach ; to 
cast in one’s teeth. 

Expugno, are, avi, atum, tr. 


(ex & pugno,) to take by 


233 


assault; to conquer; to van- 
quish ; to subdue ; to take by 
storm. 238, 4, 480. 

Expulsus,a,um, part. (expello.) 

Exsequie, arum, f. pl. (exsé- 
quor,) funeral rites. 

Exsilio, or Exilio, ire, i & ul, 
intr. (ex & salio,) to spring 
up or out; to leap forth. 

Exspiro, or Expiro, are, ‘avi, 
atum, tr. (ex & spiro,) to 
breathe forth; to expire; to 
die. 

Exstinctus, or Extinctus, a, 
um, part. dead; from 
Exstinguo, -stinguére, -stinx1, 
-stinctum, tr. (ex & stin- 
guo,) to extinguish ; to kill; 
to put to death ; to destroy. 

Exstructus, ov Extructus, a, 
um, part. from 

Exstruo, or Extruo, -struére, 
-struxi, -structum, tr. (ex & 
struo,) to budld, or pile up; 
to construct. 

Eixsurgo, -surgére, -surrexi, 
-surrectum, intr. (ex & 
surgo,) to rise up; to arise ; 
to swell; to surge. 

Exter, or Extérus, a, um, adj. 
(exterior, extimus or ex- 
tremus, § 26, 2,) foreign; 
strange; outward. 222, 

Exto, extare, extiti, intr. (ex & 
sto,) to stand out or forth; 
usually, to be; to remain; 
to be extant. 

Extorqueo, -torquére, -torsi. 
-tortum, tr. (ex & torqueo,) 
to extort; to wrest from; to 


obtain by force. 


234 


Extra, prep. (for extéra, scil. 
parte,) beyond; without ; 
except. 

Extractus, a, um, part. from 

Extraho, -trahére, -traxi, -trac- 
tum, tr. (ex & traho,) to 
draw out; to extract; to 
extricate; to free; to res- 
cue; to liberate. 

Extrémus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
extérus,) extreme ; the last ; 
the farthest. 


F. 


Faba, «, f. a bean. 

Fabius, i, m. the name of an 
illustrious Roman family. 

Fabricius, i, m. a Roman, dis- 
tinguished for his integrity. 

Fabrico. are, avi, atum, tr. (fa- 
ber,) to make; to forge; to 
manufacture. 

Fabula, zx, f. (fari,) @ story; 
a fable; a tradition; a 
play. 

Fabulosus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(fabtila,) fabulous. 

Faciendus, a, um, part. (fa- 
ci0. 

Faciens, tis, part. (facio.) 

Facies, iéi, f. (facio,) a face ; 
appearance. 

Facile, adv. (its, lime,) eas?- 
ly; willingly; clearly; un- 
doubtedly ; from 

Facilis, e, adj. (facio,) (comp. 
§ 26, 1,) easy. 220. 

Facinus, oris, n. any action; a 
bold deed; a crime; an ex- 
plovt; trom 


EXTRA—FAMILIARITAS. 


Facio, facére, feci, factum, 
tr. to do; to make; to val- 
ue: (spoken of individual 
things:) facére iter, fo 
travel: male facére, to tn- 
jure; to hurt: sacra facé- 
re, to offer sacrifice: facé- 
re pluris, to value higher: 
certidrem, to inform: fac, 
take care; cause; hence, 

Factum, i, n. an action; a 
deed. 

Factirus, a, um, part. (facio.) 

Factus, a, um, part. (facio,) 
made; done: facta obvi- 
am, meeting: preeda facta, — 
booty having been taken. 

Facundus, a, um, adj. (ior, 
issimus,) eloguent; from 
fari. 

Falerii, 6rum, m. pl. a town 
of Htruria. 

Falernus, i, m. a mountain of 
Campania, famous for its 
wine. 

Falernus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Falernus; falernian. 

Falisci, drum, m. pl. the inhab- 
ttants of Falerii. 

Fama, x, f. fame; reputation, 
report. 

Famelicus, a, um, adj. hungry; 
famished; from 

Fames, is, f. hunger; famine. 

Familia, x, f. (familus,) @ 
Family; servants; hence, 

Familiaris, e, adj. (comp.) of 
the same family; familiar ; 
hence, 

Familiaritas, atis, f. frrendship; 
intimacy ; confidence. 


FAMILIARIT 


Familiariter, adv. (itis, issi- 
mé,) (id.) familiarly; on 
terms of intimacy. 

Famiila, 2x, f. (familus, a serv- 
ant;) a mad; a female 
servant or slave. 

Fas, n. ind. (for,) right; (by 
the laws of religion or of 
God:) a lawful thing. 

Fascis, is, m. @ bundle; a fag- 
ot: fasces, pl. bundles of 
birchen rods, carried before 
the Roman magistrates, 
with an axe bound up in 
the middle of them. 

Fatalis, e, adj. (fatum,) fatal; 
ordained by fate. 

Fateor, fatéri, fassus sum, tr. 
dep. to confess. 

Fatidicus, a, um, adj. (fatum 
& dico,) prophetic. 

Fatigatus, a, um, part. from 

Fatigo, are, avi, datum, tr. to 
weary. 

Fatum, i, n. (for, i. e. a thing 
declared or determined;) 
fate; destiny: fata, pl. the 
fates. 

Fauce, f. (in the abl. only, in 
the sing. 96, 10, 182,) the 
throat: pl. fauces, the 
throat; the jaws; the straits. 

Faustiilus, i, m. the shepherd 
by whom Romilus and Re- 
mus were brought up. 

Faveo, favére, favi, fautum, 
intr. to favor; hence, 

Favor, Oris, m. favor; good 
will; partiality; applause. 

Febris, is, f. (for ferbis, from 
ferveo,) a fever. 


i 


ER—FEROX. 235 


Feci. See Facio. 
Felicitas, atis, f. (felix,) feli- 
city; good fortune; happt~ 


NESS. 

Feliciter, adv. (its, issime,) 
fortunately; successfully ; 
happily. 


Felis, is, f. @ cat. 

Felix, icis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
happy; fortunate; fruit- 
Sul; fertile; opulent; aus- 
previous ; favorable. 

Femina, 2, f. a female; a wo- 
man. 

Femineus, a, um, adj. (femi- 
na,) female; feminine; 
pertaining to females. 

Fera, x, f. a wild beast. 

Ferax, Acis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
(fero,) fruitful; produc- 
tive; fertile; abounding in. 

Feré, adv. almost; nearly; 
about: fere nullus, scarcely 
any one. 

Ferens, tis, part. (fero.) 

Ferinus, a, um, adj. (fera,) of 
wild beasts. 

Ferio, ire, tr. 
beat. 

Fero, ferre, tuli, latum, tr. irr. 
to bear ; to carry; to relate; 
to bring; to produce: ferre 
manum, to stretch forth ; to 
extend: ferunt, they say. 

Feror, ferri, latus sum, pass. to 
be carried ; to flow ; to move 
rapidly ; to fly: fertur, imp. 
it is said; hence, 

Ferox, 6cis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
wild ; fierce; savage; fero- 
crus. 


to strike, or 


i 
——— 


236 


FERREUS—FLAGRO. 


Ferreus, a, um, adj. i7on; ob-| Fingo, fingére, finxi, fictum, 


_ durate; from 


Ferrum, i, n. iron; a sword; 


a knife. 

Fertilis, e, adj. (ior, issimus, 
(fero,) fertile; fruitful; 
hence, 

Fertilitas, atis, f. fertihty; 
richness ; fruitfulness. 
Feriila, x, f. (ferio,) a staff; a 
reed. 
Ferus, a, um, adj. wild; rude; 
uncultivated; uncivilized ; 

savage. : 

Ferveo, fervére, ferbui, intr. 
to boil; to seethe; to foam ; 
to be hot; to glow. 

Fessus, a, um, adj. (fatiscor,) 
weary; tired; fatigued. 

Festum, i, n. a feast; from 

Festus, a, um, adj. festive; 

joyful; merry. 

Ficus, i & tis, f. a fig-tree; a 


qe 

wide, e, adj. (comp.) faith- 
ful; from 

Fides, Gi, f. fidelity; faith: 
in fidem, iv confirmation: 
in fidem accipére, to re- 
ceive under one’s protec- 
tion. 

Figo, figére, fixi, fixum, tr. fo 
fix; to fasten. [57 

Filia, ex, f. 61, 4; a daughter. 

Filius, i; m.§°10, Exe as 4 
son. 65. 

Filun, i, n. a thread. 

Findo, findére, fidi, fissum, tr. 
to split; to cleave. 

Fingens, tis, part. feigning; 
pretending; from 


tr. to form; to make; to de- 
vise; to pretend; to feign. 

Finio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to end; 
to finish; to terminate; 
from 

Finis, is, d. the end; a bound- 
ary; amit: fines, m. pl. 
the limits of a country, &e. 

Finitus, a, um, part. (finio.) | 

Finitimus, a, um, adj. (finis,) 
neighboring. 

Fio, fieri, factus sum, irr. pass. 
§ 83, 8; (facio,) to be 
made; to become; to hap- 
pen: fit, it happens: fac- 
tum est, 7 happened; it 
came to pass. 426. 

Firmatus, a, um, part. (firmo.) 

Firmiter, adv. (its, -issimé,) 
(firmus,) firmly; secivrely. 

Firmo, are, avi, datum, tr. ¢o 
make firm; to confirm; to 
establish ; from 

Firmus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
Jjirm; strong; secure. 

Fissus, a, um, part. (findo.) 

Fixus, a, um, part. (figo,) 
fixed; permanent. 

Flagello, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
whip; to scourge; to lash. 

Flagitidsus, a, um, adj. (ior, 
issimus,) shameful; tnfa- 
mous ; outrageous ; from 

Flagitium, i, n. a shameful ae- 
tion; an outrage; a crime; 
a dishonor; villainy. 

Flagro, are, avi, atum, intr. 
to burn; to be on fire; to 
suffer; to be oppressed: to 
be violent. 


2 Oooo 


FLAMINIUS—FOSSA. 


Flaminius, i. m. a Roman. 
Flavus, a, um, adj. yellow. 
Flamma, x, f. a flame. 


Flecto, flect@re, flexi, flexum, 


tr. to bend; to bow ; to turn; 
to move ; to prevail upon. 

Fleo, ére, évi, étum, tr. & intr. 
to weep; to lament. 

Fletus, ts, m. weeping; tears. 

Flevo, onis, m. a lake near the 
mouth of the Rhine, now 
the Zuyder Zee. 

Flexus, a, um, part. (flecto,) 
bent; changed; turned. 
Floreo, ére, ui, intr. (flos,) ¢o 
bloom; to blossom; to flour- 

ish; to be distinguished. 

Flos, floris, m. @ flower; a 
blossom. 

Fluctus, tis, m. (fluo,) @ wave. 

Fluo, fluére, fluxi, fluxum, intr. 
to flow; hence, 

Fluvius, i, m. properly, a 
river. 

Flumen, inis, n. (fluo,) an 
abundant flowing; viz., of 
waters, or of any thing 
else; as, flumen verborum 
orationis. Cic. Usually, a 
river. 

Fodio, fodére, fodi, fossum, 
wr. to dig; to pierce; to 
bore. 

Foecunditas, atis, f. fruitful- 
ness; from 

Fcecundus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 


simus,) fruitful; fertile. 


Feedns, éris, n. a league; a! 


treaty. 
Folium, i, n. @ leaf. 


257 


Fons, tis, m. @ fountain; a 
source ; @ spring. 

Forem, def. verb, § 84, 5; 
would or should be; fore, 
to be about to be; it would 
or will come to puss. 

Foris, adv. abroad. 

Forma, x, f. a form; shape; 
Sigure; beauty. 

Formica, «, f. an ant. 

Formido, inis, f. fear; dread; 
terror; hence, 

Formidoldsus, a, um, adj. 
(comp.) fearful; timorous. 

Formositas, atis, f. beauty; ele- 
gance; from 

Formosus, a, um, adj. (ior, 
issimus,) beautiful; hand- 
some; from forma. 

Fors, tis, f. (fero,) chance ; for- 
tune. 

Fortasse, adv. (fors,) perhaps ; 
(applied to what may hap- 
pen.) 

Forte, adv. (abl fr. fors,) aeci- 
dentally; by chance; (ap- 
plied to what did happen.) 

Fortis, e, adj- (ior, issimus,) 
bold; brave; courageous. 

Fortiter, adv. (ius, issimeé,) 
bravely; from fortis. 

Fortitiido, inis, f. (fortis,) bold- 
ness; bravery. 

Fortiina, e, f. (fors,) fortune ; 
chance. 

Forum, i, n. the market-place ; 
the forum; the court of jus- 
tice. 


| + . . ae 
Fossa, x, f. (fodio,) a diteh; a 


trench; a modi. 


238 


Fovea, x, f. a pit. 

Foveo, fovére, fovi, fotum, tr. 
to keep warm; to cherish. 

Fractus, a, um, part. (frango.) 

Fragilis, e, adj. (frango,) fradl ; 
perishable. 

Fragilitas, atis, f. (fragilis,) 
frailty ; weakness. 

Fragmentum, i, n. (frango,) @ 
fragment; a piece. 

Frango, frangére, fregi, frac- 
tum, tr. to break; to break 
in pieces; to weaken; to 


destroy. 
Frater, tris, m. a brother. 
Fraudulentus, a, um, adj. 


comp. (fraus,) fraudulent ; 
decertful; treacherous. 

Frequens, tis, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) frequent; numerous. 

Fretum, i, n. @ strait; a sea. 

Frico, fricare, fricui, frictum & 
fricatum, tr. to rub. 

Frigidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) cold; from 

Frigus, ris, n. cold. 

Frons, frondis, f. a leaf of a 
tree; a branch with leaves. 


FOVEA—FUNESTUS. 


Frustra, adv. (frudo, id. ac 
fraudo,) a vain; to no 
purpose. 

Frustratus, a, um, part. from 

Frustror, ari, tus sum, dep. 
(frustra,) to frustrate; to 
deceive. 

Frutex, icis, m.a shrub; a bush. 

Fuga, x, fa flight. 

Fugax, acis, adj. (acior, acissi- 
mus,) swift; fleeting ; from 

GIO. 0 

Fugiens, tis, part. from 

Fugio, fugére, fugi, fugitum, 
intr. & tr. to fly; to escape ; 
fo avoid; to flee; to flee 
from. 

Fugo, are, avi, atum, tr. to put 
to flight; to drive off; to 
chase. 

Fui, Fuéram, &e. See Sum. 

Fulgeo, fulgére, fulsi, intr. fo 
shine. 

Fuligo, inis, f. (fumus,) soot. 

Fullo, onis, m. a fuller. 


| Fulmen, inis, n. (i. e. fulgi- 


men, fr. fulgeo,) thunder ; 
a thunderbolt ; lightning. 


Fructus, tis, m. (fruor,) wse;| Fundale, is, n. (funis,) @ torch. 


enjoyment: hence, fruit; 
produce; advantage. 

Frugis, gen. f. (frux, nom. 
scarcely used,) properly 
all that the earth produces 
for our subsistence; corn; 
fruges, um, pl. fruits; the 
various kinds of corn. 

Frumentum, i, n. (fruor,) corn; 
wheat. 

Fruor, frui, fruitus & fructus, 
intr. dep. to enjoy. 


Funditus, adv. (fundus,) from 
the foundation ; utterly. 
Fundo, fundére, fudi, fusum, tr. 
to pour out: lacrymas, to 
shed tears: hostes, to scat- 
ter; to rout; to discomfit. 

Fundus, i, m. the bottom of any 
thing: also a farm ; a field ; 
imus fundus, the very bot- 
tom. 

Funestus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
simus,) (funus,) polluted by 


FUNGOR--GENITUS. 259 
a dead body; fatal; de-| Gallicus, a, um, adj. belonging 
structive. to Gaul; Gallic. 

Fungor, fungi, functus, sum, | Gallina, «, f @ hen. 
intr. dep. to perform or dis-| Gallinaceus, 1, m. @ cock. 
charge an office; to do; to) Gallus, 1, m. @ cock. 


execute: fato, to dre. 

Funis, is, d. a rope; a cable. 

Funus, éris, n. a funeral; fu- 
neral obsequies. 

Fur, furis, c. a thief. 

Furcila, x, f. dim. (furca,) a 
little fork: Furcile Cau- 
din, the name of a narrow 
defile in the country of the 
LHirpini, in Italy, where the 
Romans were defeated by 
the Samnites. 

Furidsus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
Jurious ; mad; from turo. 

Furius, i, m. the name of sev- 
eral Romans. 

Fusus, a, um, part. (fundo.) 

Futirus, a, um, part. (sum,) 
about to be; future. 


G. 


Gades, ium, f. pl. the name of 
an twsland and town in 
Spain, near the straits of 
Gibraltar, now Cadiz. 

Gaditanus, a, um, adj. of 
Gades or Cadiz: fretum 
Gaditanum, the straits of 
Gibraltar. 

Galatia, x, f. a@ country in the 
interior of Asia Minor. 
Gallia, x, f. Gaul, now France. | 
Galli, pl. the divisions of | 

Gaul. | 





Gallus, i, m. an inhabitant of 
Gallia ; a Gaul; also a cog- 
nomen of several Romans. 

Ganges, is, m. the name of a 
large river in India. 

Garumna, &, f. the Garonne, a 
river of Aquitania. 

Gaudeo, gaudére, gavisus sum, 
n. pass. $78; to rejoice ; 
o12, to be pleased with. 

Gaudium, i, n. joy; gladness. 

Gavisus, a, um, part. (gau- 
deo,) rejovcing ; having re- 

jovced. 

Geminus, a, um, adj. double; 
geinini filii, twin sons. 

Gemiius, ts, m. (gemo,) @ 
groan; a sigh. 

Gemmiatus, a, um, part. adorn- 
ed with gems ; gemmed ; giit= 
tering; trom 

Gemmo, dre, avi, atum, tr. 
(gemma,) to adorn with 
gems. 

Gener, genéri, m. a son-in-law. 

Genéro, are, avi, atum, tr. (ge- 
nus,) to beget ; to produce. 

Generositas, atis, nobleness of 
mind; magnanmity; from 

Generodsus, a, um, adj. (ior, 
issimus,) (genus,) noble; 
spirited; brave; generous ; 

Sruitful; fertile. 

Genitus, a, um, part. (gigno,) 
born; produced. 


240 


Gens, tis, f. a nation; a tribe; | 


a family; a clan. 

Genui. See Gigno. 

Genus, Gris, n. a race; a fam- 
uly; a sort or kind. 

Geometria, «, f. geometry. 

Gerens, tis, part. (gero,) bear- 
ing; conducting. 

Germanus, i,m. a German; an 
inhabitant of Germany. 

Germania, 2, f. Germany. 

Germanicus, a, um, adj. Ger- 
man; of Germany. 

Gero, gerére, gessi, gestum, 
tr. to bear; to carry; (viz: 
aload or burden ;) to do; to 
conduct or manage; (spo- 
ken of one who has the 
charge ; see ago and facio;) 
res eas gessit, performed 
such exploits: odium, to 
hate: onus, to bear a bur- 
den: bellum, to wage or 
carry on war. : 

Geryon, is, m, a giant who was 
slain by Hercules, and whose 
oxen were driven into Greece 

Gestans, tis, part. from 

Gesto, are, Avi, datum, tr. freq. 
(gero,) to bear; to carry 
about. 

Gestus, a, um, part. borne ; per- 
formed: res geste, see Res. 

Getz, frum, m. pl. a savage 
people of Dacia, north of 
the Danube. 

Gigas, antis, m. a giant. 

Gigno, gignére, genui, geni- 

tum, tr. to beget; to bring 

forth; to bear; to produce. 


Glaber, bra, brum, adj. (bri-! 





GENS—GRASSOR. 


or, berrimus,) bald; bare; 
smooth. 

Glaciiilis, e, adj. icy; freezing ; 
from 

Glacies, Gi, f. zee. 

Gladiator, dris, m. (gladius,) @ 

- gladiator. 

Gladiatorius, a, um, adj. be- 
longing to a gladiator ; gla- 
diatorial; from 

Gladius, i, m. a sword. 

Glans, dis, f. mast; an acorn. 

Glisco, ére, intr. to increase. 

Gloria, «x, f. glory; fame. 

Glorior, ari, atus sum, intr. 
dep. to boast. 

Gnavus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
active ; industrious. 

Gorgias, «, m. a celebrated 
sophist and orator. 

Gracilis, e, adj. (ior, 
§ 26, 1,) slender; 
delicate. 220. 

Gracchus, i, m. the name of an 
illustrious Roman family. 

Gradior, gradi, gressus sum, 
intr. dep. to go; to walk ; fr. 

Gradus, tis, m. a step; a stair. 

Grecia, x, f. Greece. 

Grecus, a, um, adj. Grecian; 
Greek :—subs. a Greek. 
Grandis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
large; great; (in a higher 

sense than magnus.) 

Granicus, i, m. a river of My- 
sia, emptying into the Pro- 
pontis. 

Grassor, ari, atus sum, intr. 
dep. freq. (gradior,) to ad- 
vance; to march; to pro- 
ceed; to make an attack. 


limus, 
lean; 


GRATES—HANNIBAL. 


Grates, def. f. pl. (gratus,) 
thanks: agére grates, to 
thank. § 18, 12. 182. 

Gratia, x, f. (gratus,) grace ; 
favor; thanks; return; re- 
qutal; gratitude: habére, 
to feel indebted or obliged ; 
to be grateful: in gratiam, 
in favor of: gratia, for the 
sake. 

Gratulatus, a, um, part. having 
congratulated ; from 

Gratilor, ari, atus sum, intr. 
dep. to congratulate ; from 

Gratus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) acceptable ; pleasing; 
grateful. 

Gravis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
heavy; severe; great: grave: 
important; violent; noxious; 
unwholesome: gravis som- 
nus, sound sleep; hence, 

Gravitas, atis, f. heaviness; 
gravity ; weight. 

Graviter, adv. (iis, issime,) 
hardly; heavily; grievous- 
ly; severely; trom gravis. 

Gravyo, are, avi, atui, tr. (gra- 
vis,) to load; to oppress; 


to burden. 
Gregatim, adv. (grex,) i 
herds. 


Gressus, ts, m. (gradior,) a 
step; a@ pace; a gait. 
Grex, gis, c. a flock; a herd; 
a company. 
Grus, gruis, ¢. @ crane. 
Gubernator, ris, m. (guberno, 
to govern;) a pilot; aruler. 
Gyarus, i, f one of the Cy- 
eliides. 
ZI 


241 


Gyges, is, m. a rich hing of 
Lydia. 

Gymnosophiste, drum, m. 
Gymnosophists; a sect of 
Indian philosophers. 


H. 


Habens, tis, part. from 

| Habeo, ére, ui, itum, tr. to 
have; to possess; to hold; 
to esteem; to suppose; to 
take: habére consilium, to 
deliberate. 

Habito, are, avi, datum, tr. & 
intr. to inhabit; to dwell. 

Habittrus, a, um, part. (ha- 
beo.) 

Habitus, a, um, part. (habeo.) 

Habitus, tis, m. (habeo,) habit; 
form; dress; attire; man- 
ner. 

Hacténus, ady. (hic & tenus,) 
hitherto, thus far. 

Hadrianus, i, m. Adrian, the 
Jifteenth emperor of Rome. 

Heemus, i, m. a@ mountain of 
Thrace, from whose top, 
both the Huxine and Adri- 
atic seas can be seen. 

Halcyon, or Alcyon, Onis, f. 
the halcyon or kingfisher. 
See Alcyone. 

Halicarnassus, i, f. @ maritime 
city of Caria, the borth- 
place of Herodotus. 

Hamilear, aris, m. a@ Cartha- 
ginian general. 

Hannibal, lis, m. a brave Car- 

| thaginian general, the son 


of Hamilear. 





242 


Hanno, dnis, m. a Carthagin- 
van general. 

Harmonia, x, f. the wife of 
Cadmus, and daughter of 
Mars and Venus. 

Harpyie, arum, f. pl. the Har- 
pies ; winged monsters, hav- 
ing the faces of women, and 
the bodies of vultures. 

Haruspex, icis, m. (haruga & 
specio,) a soothsayer ; a di- 
viner; one who pretended 
to a knowledge of future 
events from inspecting the 
entrails of victims. 

Hasdriibal, alis, m. a Cartha- 
gintan general, the brother 
of Hannibal. 

Hasta, x, f. a spear; a lance. 

Haud, adv. not. 

Haurio, haurire, hausi, haus- 
tum, tr. to draw out; to 
drink; to swallow. 

Haustus, fis, m. (id.) a draught. 

Hebes, étis, adj. (comp.) blunt ; 
obtuse; dim. 

Hebesco, ére, intr. ine, (hebeo,) 
to grow blunt, dim, or 
dull. 

Hebrus, i, m. a large river of 
Thrace. 

Hecitba, x, f. the wife of Pri- 
am, king of Troy. 

Hedéra, ze, f. ay. 

Hegesias, x, m. an eloquent 
philosopher of Cyréne. 
Heléna, x, f. Helen, the daugh- 
ter of Jupiter and Leda, 

and wife of Meneldus. 

Helicon, dnis, m. a mountacn 

- of Beotia, near Parnassus, 


HANNO—HESPERWUS. 


and sacred to Apollo and 
the Muses. 
Helvetia, x, f a country in 
| the eastern part of Gaui, 
| now Switzerland. 
Helvetii, drum, m. pl. Helve- 





flelvetia. 

Helleborum, i, n. 07 Hellebd- 
rus, i, m. the herb helle- 

Hellespontus, i. m. a strait be- 
tween Thrace and Asia 
danelles. 

Heraclea, x, f. the name of 
several cities in Magna 
Tla, &e. 

Herba, x, f. an herb; grass; 
hence, 
grassy; full of herbs or 
grass. 
hero, son of Jupiter and 
Aleména. 
nian: Hercynia sylva, a 
large forest in Germany, 
now the Llack Forest. 
heir. 

Herennius, i, m. a general of 
the Samnittes. 

| 


tians; the inhalitants of 

bore. 

Minor, now called the Dar- 

Grecia, in Pontus, in Sy- 
Herbidus,.a, um, adj. (comp.) 
Herciles, is, m. a celebrated 
Hercynius, a, um, adj. Hercy- 
Heres or Heres, édis, ¢..an 
Hero, tis, (§ 15, 13,) f. a preest: 


ess of Venus, who resided 
at Sestos, and who was be- 
loved by Leander, a youth 
of Abydos. 136. 


Hespérus, i, m. a son of Lapés 


HEU—HORRIDUS. 


tus, who settled in Italy, 
and from whom that coun- 
try was called Hesperia; 
also the evening star. 

Heu! int. alas! ah! 

Hians, tis, part. (hio.) 

Hiatus, fis, m. (hio,) an open- 
ing; a chasm; an aperture. 

Hibernicus, a, um, adj. /rish ; 
(probably from HHidberna, 
the winter quarters of the 
Roman soldiers.) 

Hibernus, a, um, adj. (hiems,) 
of winter; wintry. 

Hic, adv. here; in this place. 

Hie; hee, hoc, pro. § 31, 1, 
this; he; she, &e. 239. 

Hiempsal, alis, m. a king of 
Numidia. 

Hiems, émis, f. winter. 

Hiéro, dnis, m. tyrant of Syra- 
cuse. 

Hierosolyma, x, f. & Hierosol¥- 
ma, orum, n. pl. Jerusalem, 
the capital of Judea. 

Hine, adv. hence; from hence ; 

from this; from this time. 

Hinnio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. to 
neigh; hence, 

Hinnitus, ts, m. a neighing. 

Hinnuleus, i, m. (hinnus,) @ 
fawn. 

Hio, are, avi, atum, intr. gape ; 
to yawn ; to open the mouth ; 
to long for. 

Hipparchus, i, m. the son of 
Pisistrdtus, a tyrant of 
Athens. 

Hippolytus, i, m. the son of 
Theseus. 

Hippoménes, is, m. the son of 


243 


Megareus, and husband of 

| Atalanta. 

| Hippopotamus, i, m. the hippo- 
potamus or river-horse. 

Hispania, e, f. Spain. 

Hispanus, a, um, adj. Spanish. 
subs. m. a Spaniard. 

Hodie, adv. (i. e. hoe die,) to- 
day; at this time; now-a- 
days. 

Hodicque, (for hodie quoque,) 
adv. to this day; to this 
time. 

Heedis, i, m. a kid; a young 
godt. 

Homérus, i, m. Homer, the most 
ancient and illustrious of 
the Greek poets. 

Homorinis, ce. (humus,) @ man; 
a person; one. 

Honestas, atis, f. honor; vir- 
tue; dignity; from 

Honestus, a, um, adj. honora- 
ble; noble; from 

Honor & -os, Gris, m. honor ; re~ 
spect ; an honor ; an office. 

Honorifice, adv. (centitis, cen- 
tissime, from honorificus, 
§ 26, 3,) honorably: parum 
honorifice, shightingly; with 
little respect. 221. 

Hora, 2, f. an hour. 

Horatius, i, m. Horace; the 
name of several Romans: 
Horati, pl. three Roman 
brothers, who fought with 
the three Curiatit. 

Hortensius, i, m. the name of 
several Romans. 

Horridus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(horreo, to bristle up;) 





244 


rough; rugged; rude; un- 
polished ; barbarous. 

Hortatus, tis, m. an exhortation; 
instigation ; advice; from 

Horior, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
to exhort. 

Hortus, i, m. a garden. 
Hospes, itis, ¢. a stranger; a 
visitor; a guest; a host. 
Hospitium, i, n. (hospes,) hos- 
pitahty: hospitio accipére, 

to entertain. 

Hostia, e, f. (hostis,) a victim. 

Hostilius, i, m. (Tullus,) the 
third king of Rome: a 
cognomen among the Lo- 
mans. 

Hostis, is, c. an ‘enemy. 

Huc, adv. (hoc,) hither: hue 
— illuc, hither — thither ; 
now here — now there. 

Hujusmodi, adj. md. (gen. of 
hic & modus,) of this sort 
or kind. . 

Humanitas, atis, f. humanity ; 
kindness ; gentleness; from 

Humanus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(homo,) hwman. 

Humérus, i, m. the shoulder. 

Humilis, e, adj. (humi,) (ior, 
limus, § 26, 1,) Aemble: hu- 


mili loco natum esse, to 6e'! 


born in a humble station, or 
of obscure parents. 220. 
_Humor, oris, m. (humeo,) mors- 
ture: pl. Liquids; humors. 
Humus, i, f. the ground: humi, 





HORTATUS—IDAUS. 


Hymnus, i, m. a hymn; a song 
of praise. 

Hyperbor eus, a, um, adj. (dnég 
Gogeus.) properly, living be- 
yond the source of the north 
wind ; northern : Hyperbo- 
rei, drum, m. pl. people in- 
habiting the northern re- 
gions ; beyond Scythia. 

Hystrix, icis, f. a porcupine. 


I. 


Tapétus, 1, m. the son of Celus 
and Terra. 

Thérus, i, m. a river of Spain, 
now the Hbro. 

Ibi, adv. there; here; then. 

Ibidem, adv. 7m the same place. 

Ibis, idis, f. the Lbis, the Lgyp- 
tian stork. 

Tearus, i, m. the sonof Deddlus. 

Icarius, a, um, adj. of Ledrus ; 
Icarian. 

Ichneumon, onis, m. the ichneu- 
mon or Ligyptian rat. 

Ichniisa, x, fan ancient Greek 
name of Sardinia. 

Ico, icére, ici, ictum, tr. to 
strike; foedus, to make, rat- 
efy, or conclude a league or 
treaty. 

Tctus, a, um, part. 

Tctus, tis, m. (ico,) a blow; @ 
stroke. . 

Ida, 2, f. a mountain of Troas, 
near Troy. 


on the ground. 559, 944, | Ideeus, a, um, adj. belonging to 


Hyzena, 2, f. the hyena. 
Hydrus, i, m. a water snake. 


ida: mons Ideeus, mount 


Ida. 


IDEM—IMMOLO. 


Idem, eidem, idem, pro. 122, | 


the same, 239. 


Tdoneus, a, um, adj. fit; sudtable. 


Teitur, conj. therefore; then. 

Tgnarus, a, um, adj. (in & gna- 
rus,) ~gnorant. 

Tgnavus, a, um, adj. comp. (in 
& gnavus,) inactive; dle ; 
cowardly. 

Ignis, is, m. fire; flame. 

Tenobilis, e, adj. (in & nobilis,) 
unknown ; ignoble ; mean. 


Ignoro, are, avi, atum, tr. (ig- | 
| Imitor, ari, tus sum, tr. dep. 


narus,) to be ignorant ; not 
to know. 

Ignotus, a, um, part. & adj. (in 
& notus,) unknown. 

Ilium, i, n. Jéum or Troy, the 
principal city of Troas. 
Jlatus, a, um, part. (from in- 

fero,) brought in; inferred. 
Ile, a, ud, pro. § 31, 2; that; 
he; she; it; the former; 
pi. they; those. 239. 
Tienes ze, f. (illicio,) an al- 
lurement; an enticement. 
Illico, ady. (in & loco,) in that 
place; tmmediately;  in- 
stantly. 
Illuc, adv. (illoc,) thither: hue 
—illuc, now here—now 
there. 


Tllustris, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) | 


allusirious; famous; cele- 
brated; from 

Illustro, are, avi, datum, tr. ue 
& lustro,) to enlighten; to 
allustrate; to render fat 
mous ; to celebrate; to make 
renowned. 

Illyria, x, f. a country opposite 











240 


to Italy, and bordering on 
the Adriatic. 

Imago, inis, f. an image; a 
picture; a figure; a re- 
semblance. 

Imbecillis, e, adj. (in & bacit- 
lus, as if leaning on a staff?) 
(lior, limus, § 26, 1,) weak; 
feeble. 220. 

Imber, bris, m. a shower; a rain. 

Imitatio, Onis, f. emtation: ad 
imitatiOnem, 7 imitation; 
from 


to imitate; to copy. 

Immanis, ¢, adj. comp. (in & 
magnus,) very great ; huge; 
monstrous; cruel; dreadful. 

Immensus, a, um, adj. (in & 
mensus,) tmmeasurable ; 
boundless ; tmmoderate. 

Immeritus, a, um, part. (in & 
meritus,) not deserving; 
undeserved. 

Imminens, tis, part. hanging 
over; threatening; from 
Immineo, ére, ui, intr. (in & 

mineo,) to hang over; to 
empend ; to threaten; to be 
near. 
Immissus, a, um, part. admit- 
ted; sent in; darted tn; from 
Immitto, -mittére, -misi, -mis- 
sum, tr. (in & mitto,) ¢o let 
en; to send to, into, against, 
or upon; to throw at. 
Immobilis, e, adj. comp. (in & 
mobilis,) ammovable ; stead- 
Fast. 
Immdlo, dre, avi, datum, tr. 
(in & mola,) properly, to 


246 


sprinkle. with the mola or 
salted cake; hence, to sa- 
erifice; to immolate. 

Immortilis, e, adj. (in & mor- 
talis,) emmortal. 

Immotus, a. um, part. (in & 
motus,) unmoved; still; mo- 
tionless. 

Immutiitus, a, um, part. altered; 
changed; (sometimes, ex- 
changed;) from 

Immito, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(in & muto,) to change; to 
alter. 

Impatiens, tis, adj. (in & pa- 
tiens,) zmpatient; not able 
to endure. 

Impeditus, a, um, part. ¢mped- 
ed; hindered ; encumbered ; 
entangled ; from 

Impedio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (in 
& pes,) properly, to fetter ; 
hence, to impede; to ob- 
struct; to check; to delay; 
to prevent; to disturb. 

Impendo, -pendére, wants pret. 
& sup. intr. (in & pendeo,) 
to hang over; to wmpend; 
to threaten. 

Impenetrabilis, e, adj. (in & 

- penetrabilis,) ampenetrable. 

Impensé, adv. (iis, issime,) 
exceedingly ; greatly; from 
impensus. 

Imperator, dris, m. (impéro,) a 
commander ; a general. 
Imperito, dre, avi, Aatum, tr. 
freq. (impéro,) to command; 

to rule; to govern. 

Imperitus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
simus,) (in & peritus,) 7n- 


IMMORTALIS—IMPONO. 


experienced; unacquainted 
with. 

Imperium, i, n. a command; 
government; reign; sux 
preme authority; powcr, 
(imperium, military com- 
mand; potestas, civil are 
thority ;) from 

Impéro, are, avi, atum, tr. te 
command; to order; to di- 
rect ; to govern ; to rule over. 

Impertiens, tis, part. from 

Impertio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (in 
& partio,) to impart; to 
share; to give. 

Impétro, dre, avi, Atum, tr. 
(in & patro,) to obtain; to 
Sinish. 

Impétus, tis, m. (in & peto,) an 
attack; onset; force; vio= 
lence; impetuosity. 

_Imptus, a, um, adj. (in & pius,) 
Umprous ; undutiful. 

Impleo, ére, Evi, étum, tr. (in 
& pleo,) to jili; to accom- 
plish; to perform. 

Implicitus, a, um, part. en- 
tangled; attacked; from 

Implico, are, avi or ui, atum 
or itum, tr. (in & plico,) fo 
infold;. to entangle; to im- 
plicate. 

Implicor, ari, atus or itus sum, 
pass. to be entangled: mor- 
bo, to be attacked with sick- 
NESS. 

Imploro, are, avi, ¢tum, tr. (in 
& ploro,) to cmplore; to be- 
seech, to beg. 

Impono, -ponére, -posui, -posi- 
tum, tr. (in & pono,) to lay 








oe Ca 2 RS Ras a ee 


IMPORTUNUS—INCOLO. 247 


or place upon ; to impose ; | Inanis, e, adj. (comp.) empty; 
to put. | vain; ineffectual; . foolish. 
Tmportinus, a, um, adj. comp. | Inaresco,,-arescére, -arui, intr. 
dangerous ; perilous ; trow- | inc. to grow dry. 588. 
blesome ; cruel ; outrageous ; | Incédo, -cedére, -cessi, -cessum, 
| 





restless ; ungovernable. intr. (in & cedo,) to goon; 
Impositus, a, um, part. (im- to go; to walk; to come. 


pono. Incendo, dére, di, sum, tr. (in 

Tmprimis, adv. (in & primis, & candeo,) to light; to 
from primus,) among the kindle; to set fire to; to 
Sirst ; especially ; eminently. inflame. 





Improbatus, a, um, part. (im-} Incensus, a, um, part. lighted; 
probo,) disallowed; disap- kindled; burning; inflamed. 


roved. Incertus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
Improdbo, are, avi, atum, tr. (in mus,) (in & certus,) wn- 
& probo,) to disapprove ; to certain. 
reject. Inchoo, are, avi, datum, tr. fo 
Impr6bus, a, um, adj. comp. begin. 
{in & probus,) not good; | Incidens, tis, part. from 
wicked; bad. Incido, -cidére, -cidi, intr. (in 
Impriidens, tis, adj. comp. (in & cado,) to fall into or 
& prudens,) wtmprudent ; upon; to chance to meet 
inconsiderate. with. 
Impugnatirus, a, um, part. fr. | Incipio, -cipére, -cépi, -ceptum, 


Impugno, are, avi, Atum, tr. to tr. (in & capio,) to com- 
Sight against; to attack. | mence; to begin. 
Imptne, adv. (in & poena,) | Incito, are, avi, atum, tr. (in 


with impunity; without & cito,) to stir up; to in- 
hurt; without punishment. stigate; to encourage; to 
Imus, a, um, adj. (sup. of in- animate. 


férus, § 26, 2,) the lowest; | Inclido, dére, si, sum, tr. (in 
the deepest. 222. | & claudo,) to shut im; to 


In, prep. with the accusative, include; to inclose; to en- 
signifies, into; towards; circle; to encompass. 


upon; until; for; against: | Incliisus, a, um, part. (inelido.) 
with the ablative, a, wp-| Incl¥tus, a, um, adj. (issimus, 
on; among; at: in dies, | § 26, 5,) famous; celebra- 
frem day to day: in €0 | ted; renowned. 223. 

esse, to be en the point of: Incdla, x, c. an inhahitant; fr. 
4n sublime, aloft. | Incite, colére, colui, cultum, 


248 


ir. (in & colo,) to dwell in 
a place; to inhabit. 
Incoli:mis, e, adj. comp. (in & 


coliimis,) unhurt ; safe; un- | 


punished. 

Incompertus, a, um, adj. (in & 
compertus,) not found out; 
unknown; uncertain. 

Inconsiderate, adv. (ius, issi- 


me,) ¢nconsiderately ; rash- | 


Incredibilis, e, adj. comp. (in & 
credibilis,) incredible; won- 
derful; hence, 

Incredibiliter, ady. (ius, issi- 
me,) ¢neredibly. 

Incrementum, i, n. (incresco,) 
an increase. 

Incrépo, are, ui, itum, tr. (in 
& erepo,) to make a loud 
noise ; to reprove; to chide ; 
to blame. 

Incruentus, a, um, adj. (in & 

_ eruor,) bloodless. 

Inculté, adv. (its, issimé,) 
rudely; plainly; from 
Incultus, a, um, part. & adj. 
comp. (in & colo,) unculte- 
vated; uninhabited ; desert. 

Incumbo, -cumbére, -cubui, 
-cubitum, intr. (in & cubo,) 
to lean; to lie; to rest or 
recline upon; to apply to: 
gladio, to fall upon one’s 
sword. ’ 

Incursio, dnis, f. (incurro,) a 
running against; an attack; 
-anineursion ; an inroad. 

Inde, adv. thence ; from thence. 

index, icis, d. (indico,) an in- 
dex; amark; a sign. 








INCOLUMIS—INERTIA. 


India, ez, f. a country of Asia, 
named from the river Indus. 

Indico, are, avi, atum, tr. (in 
& dico, are,) to show; to 
discover. 

Indico, cére, xi, ctum. tr. (in 
& dico,) to indicate ; to an- 
nounce ; to declare; to pro- 
claim; to appoint; hence, 

Indictus, a, um, part. 

Indicus, a, um, adj. of India; 
Indian. 

Indigéna, «, ¢. (in & geno,) 
one born in a certain place ; 
a native. 

Indoles, is, f. (in & oleo, to 
grow,) the natural disposi- 
tion; nature; inherent qual- 
tty. See Ingenium. ° 

Indtico, cére, xi, ctum, tr. (in 
& duco,) to lead in; to in- 
duce; to persuade; hence, 

Inductus, a, um, part. 

Induo, -duére, -dui, -diitum, tr. 
to put on; to dress; to clothe. 

Indus, i, m. a large river in the 
western part of India. 

Industria, 2, f. (industrius,) 
industry ; diligence. 

Inditus, a, um, part. (induo.) * 

Inedia, «, f. (in & edo,) want 
of food; fasting; hunger. 

Ineo, ire, 1, itum, tr. & intr. 
irr. (in & eo,) to go or enter 
anto; to enter upon; to 
make; to form. 

Inermis, e, adj. (in & arma,) 
unarmed; defenceless. 

Inertia, 2, f (iners,) want of 
art; laziness; sloth; tdle- 
NESS. 


INFAMIS—INGRUO. 


249 


Infamis, e, adj. (in & fama,) | Inflatus, a, um, part, (inflo,) 


all spoken of ; infamous ; 
disgraceful. , 

Infans, tis, c. (in & fans,) one 
who can not speak; an tn- 
fant; a child. 

Inféri, drum, m. pl. the infer- 
nal regions; Hades; Or- 
cus; the infernal gods. 

Inferior, us. adj. See Inférus. 

Inféro, inferre, intuli, ilatum, 
tr. irr. (in & fero,) to bring 
in or against ; to bring up- 
on; to inflict upon: bellum, 
to make war upon. 

Inférus, a, um, adj. (inferior, 
infimus, 07 imus, § 26, 2,) 
low; humble. 222. 

Infesto, are, avi, atum, tr. fo 
injest; to disturb; to mo- 


lest; to vex; to plague; to' 


trouble; to annoy; from 

Infestus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (in & festus,) xo 
pleasant ; hostile ; inimical. 

Infigo, gére, xi, xum, tr. (in & 
figo,) to fix; to fasten; to 
drive in. 

a a, um, adj. (in & 
finio, ) infinite ; ; unbounded; 
vast; tmmense: infinitum 
argenti, a immense quan- 
tity of silver: infinita no- 
bilitas, a vast number, &e. 

Infirmus, a, um,, adj. ior, issi- 
mus, (in & firmus,) weak ; 
infirm. ; 

Infixus, part. (infigo.) 

Inflammo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
to set on fire; to inflame; 
to excite; to animate. 








blown up; puffed up. 

Infligo, gére, xi, ctum, tr. Gn 
& fligo,) properly, to strike 
one thing against another ; 
hence, to inflict. 

Inflo, are, ivi, atum, tr. (in & 
flo,) to blow upon. 

Infra, prep. beneath ; below. 

Infrendeo, Gre, ui, intr. (in & 
frendeo,) to gnash with the 
teeth. 

Infringo, -fringére, -frégi, -frac- 
tum, tr. (in & frango,) to 
break or rend in pieces ; to 
disannul; to make void. 

Infundo, -fundére, -fidi, -fi- 
sum, tr. (in & fundo,) to 
pour tn: infunditur, 7¢ 
empties; (said of rivers). 

Ingenium, i, n. (in & geno,) 
judgment ; sagacity; pene- 
tration; natural disposi- 
tion; genius; talents; cha- 
racter. 

Ingens, tis, adj. (ior, § 26, 6,) 
great; very great; huge; 
(in a much higher sense 
than magnus.) 224, 

Ingenuus, a, um, adj. (ingeno,)* 
natural; free-born; free; 
noble; ingenuous. 

Ingredior, -grédi, -gressus sum, 
tr. & intr. dep. (in & gra- 
dior,) to go in; to enter ; to 
come in; to walk; to walk 
upon; to go. 

Ingressus, a, um, part. 

Ingruo, -gruére, -grui, tr. te 
invade; to assail; to pour 
down; to fallupon suddenly. 


250 

Thnhereo, -herére, -hzesi, -he- 
sum, intr. (in & hereo,) to 
cleave or stick to or in: Co- | 
gitationibus, fo be fixed or 
lost in thought. | 
io, are, Avi, Atum, tr. & 
intr. (in & hio,) to gape | 
for; to desire. 

Tnimicus, a, um, -adj. comp. 
(in & amicus,) enimecal; 
hostile. 

Inimicus, i, m. subs. an enemy. 





INELE REO—INSIDEO. 


| Lenumerabilis, e, adj. (in & 


numerabilis,) danumerabie, 

Innumérus, a, um, adj. (in & 
numérus,) without number. 

Inopia, x, f (inops,) want ; 
scarcity. 

Inopus, i, m. a fountain or 
river of Delcs, near which 
Apollo and Diana were 
said to have been born. 


| Inprimis, and in primis, adv. 


same as imprimis. 


Inique, adv. ius, issime, (ini- Inquans, or inquio, def. J say; 


quus, in & equus, not 
equal;) unequally; unjustly. 

Tnitium, i, n. (inee,) a com- 
mencement.; a beginning. 

Initiirus, a, um, part. (ineo,) 
aboutto enter uUpor OY begin. 

, Injicio, -jicére, -jéci, -jectum, 
tr. (in & jacio,) ¢o throw in 
or wpan. 

Injuria, x, f. (injarius, in & 
jus,) an injury; an insult. 

Tnnato, are, avi, datum, intr. (in 
& nato,) to swem or float 
upon. 

Innitor, -niti, -nisus or nixus 
sum, intr. dep. (in & nitor,) 
to lean or depend upon; to 
rest upon. 

Innocentia, 2, f. (mn & no- 
cens,) ee ormlessness ; inno- 
cence. 

Imnotesco, -notescére, -notui, 
intr. inc. {in & notesco,) | 
to become known; to be! 
known. 

Anvoxius, a, um, adj..comp. (in 
& noxius,) harmless. 











§ 84, 2. 44?. 

Inquino, are, Avi, atum, tr. to 
pollute ; to stain; to soil. 
Inquiro, -quirére, -quistvi, qui: 
situm, tr. (in & quzro,) to: 
seek for; to inquire; to in- 

vestigate. 

Insania, ze, f. (insinus,) mad- 
NESS. 

Insanio, ire, ivi, itum,. intr. (In- 
sanus,) to be mad. 

Inseribo, -scribére,. -seripsi, 
-scriptum, tr (in & scribo,) 
to write upon; to inseribe. 

Inscriptus, a, um, part. 

Insectum, i, n. (inséco,) ana 
ensect. 

Inséquens, tis, part. swcceed- 
ing; subsequent; following; 
from 

Inséquor, -séqui, -seetitus, sum,, 
tr. dep. (in & sequor,) 
follow after ; to. follow. 

Insidens, tis, part. frem 

Insideo, -sidére, -sédi, -sessum, 
intr. (in & gsedeo,) to saé 
Upon. 


INSIDLE—INTERCIPIO. 


Insidix, drum, f. pl. (insideo,) 
an ambush; ambuscade ; 





251 


ass; to pursue closely: to 
beg earnestly. 


treachery ; deceit: per insi- | Instrumentum, i, n. (instruo,) 


dias, treacherous/y. 
TInsidians, tis, part. from 
Insidior, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
(insidize,) to lie in wait ; to 
lie in ambush; to deceive. 
Insigne, is,n. a mark ; a token; 
an ensign; from 
Insignis, e, adj. comp. (in & 
signum,) distinguished (by 
some mark ;) eminent. 
Insisto, -sistéGre, -stiti, -stitum, 
intr. (in & sisto,) to stand 
upon; to insist. 
Insolabiliter, adv. (in & solor,) 
inconsolably. 
Insdlens, tis, adj. (in & solens,) 
(ior, issimus,) not usual; 
insolent; haughty. 


Insolenter, ady. (insdlens,) 
Gus, issime,) haughtily ; 
ensolently. 


Inspectans, tis, part. from 

Inspecto, are, avi, atum, tr. 
freq. (in & specto,) to look 
upon; to inspect. 

Instatiirus,’a, um, part. (insto.) 

Instituo, -stituére, -stitui, -stiti- 
tum, tr. (in & statuo,) to 
set or put into; to appoint; 
to resolve; to make; to or- 
der. 

Instititum, 1, n. an institution ; 
a doctrine; from 

Instititus, a, um, part. (in- 
stituo.) 

Insto, -stare, -stiti, intr. (in & 
sto,) to stand near to; to 
urge; to persist; to har- 





an instrument ; utensil; im- 
plement. 

Instruo, -struére, -struxi, -strue- 
tum, tr. (in & struo,) to put 
together, or tn order ; to ar- 
range; to prepare; to sup- 
ply with; to instruct. 

Instibres, um, m. pl. a@ people 
living north of the Po, in 
Cisalpine Gaul. 

Insuesco, -suescére, -suévi, -su- 
étum, intr. inc. (in & sues- 
co,) to grow accustomed. 

Insiila, 2, f. an sland. 

Instiper, adv. (in & super,) 
moreover. 

Intéger, gra, grum, adj. (in & 
tago, whence tango,) (ri- 
or, errimus,) ot touched ; 
whole; entire; unhurt; just; 
uncorrupted. 

Intégo, -tegére, -texi, -tectum, 
tr. (in & tego,) to cover. 
Integritas, atis, f. (intéger,) 7- 

tegrity; probity; honesty. 

Intellectus, a, um, part. from 

Intelligo, -ligére, -lexi, -lectum, 
tr. (inter & lego,) to choose 
between; hence, to under- 
stand; to perceive; to dis- 
cern; to know; to learn. 

Inter, prep. between; among: 
inter se, mutually: occur- 
rentes inter se, meeting 
each ether. 

Intercipio, -cipére, -cépi, -cep- 
tum, tr. (inter & capio,) to 
seize by surprise; to inter- 


252 


cept; to usurp; to take 
away fraudulently. 
Interdico, -dieére, -dixi, -dic- 
tum, tr. (inter & dico,) to 
interpose a command; to 
forlnd; to prohibit. 
Interdictus, a, um, part. 
Interdiu, adv. (inter & diu,) 
by day; in the day time. 
Interdum, adv. (inter & dum,) 
sometimes. 

Interea, adv. (inter & ea,) in 
the mean time. ; 
Interemptus, a, um, part. (in- 

terimo.) 
Intereo, ire, ii, itum, intr. irr. 


(inter & eo, 41.3,) to perish. 


Intérest, imp. (intersum,) 7¢ 
concerns: mea, it concerns 
me. 

Interfector, oris, m. a murder- 
er; a slayer; a destroyer. 

Interfectus, a, um, part. Avdled. 

JInterficio, -ficére, -féci, -fec- 
tum, tr. (inter & facio,) to 
destroy; to kill; to slay. 

Intérim, adv. (inter & im, the 
old ace. of is,) in the mean 
time. 

Interimo, -imére, -émi, -emp- 
tum, tr. (inter & emo,) to 
take from the midst ; to kill; 
to put to death; to slay. 

Interior, us, adj. (sup. intimus, 

222,) inner; the interior. 

Interits, adv. (intro,) farther 
in the interior. 

Interjectus, a, um, part. cast 

vetween: anno interjecto, a 
year having intervened; a 
year after ; from 


INTERDICO—INTREPIDUS. 


e 
“|30- 


| Interiicio, -jicére, -j2ci, -j 
tum, tr. {inter é& jacio,) &€ 
throw betweer. 

Internecio, onis, f. (internéco,} 
guin; destruction: ad in 
terneciOnem, with @ gene 
ral massacre. 

Internodium, i, n. (inter & no 
dus,) the space between iwe 
knots; a joint. 

Internus, a, um, adj. ¢nternal: 
mare internum, the Medi- 
terranean sea. 

| Interpres, étis, c. an interpreter. 

| Interregnum, i, n. (inter & reg- 
num,) an interregnum; a 
vacancy of the throne. 

Interrogo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(inter & rogo,) to ask. 

Intersum, esse, fui, intr. irr. 
(inter & sum,) to be pre: 
sent at, between, with, or 
among. 

Intervallum, i, n. (inter & val- 
lus,) an interval; a space; 
a distance. 

Interveniens, tis, part. from 

Intervenio, venire, véni, ven- 
tum, intr. (inter & venio,) 
to come between; to inter- 
vene. 

Intexo, Gre, ui, tum, tr. (in & 
texo,) to interweave. 

Intimus, a, um, adj. sup. (in- 
térus, interior, 222,) in- 
nermost ; tnmost ; ~ntimate ; 
familiar ; much beloved. 

Intra, prep. within :—adv. in 
ward. 

| Intrepidus, a, um, adj. (in & 

| trepidus,) fearless; intrepid. 








INTRO—IRE. 253 


Intro, ire, divi, fitum, tr. (intro, | Invisus, a, um, adj. (invideo,) 





& e0,) to enter. envied; hated ; hateful; ob- 
Intreduco, -ducére, -duxi, -duc- noxtous: plebi, unpopular. 
tum, tr (intro & duco,) to Invitatus, a, um, past. cneited ; 
lead ii; to introduce. | entertained :—subs. a guest. 
Introitus, tis, m. (introeo,) ax Invito, are, avi, atum, tr. fe 
ent? ance. rnvite. 
Intuens, tis, part. from Invi ius, a, uM, adj. (in & via,) 
Intueor, éri, itus sum, tr. dep. | impassible, inaccessible; tm=- 
(in & tueor,) to look upon; penetrable. 
to consider; to behold; to Inv6co, are, avi, tum, tr. (in 
gaze at. | & voco,) to call upon; ; to 
| 


Intus, adv. within. invoke. 

Jnusititus, a, um, adj. comp. Idnes, um, m. pl. Jonians; the 
(in & usitatus,) wnaccus- inhabitants of Jonia. 
tomed; unusual; extraor- Ionia, «x, f. Jonia; a country 





dinary. | on the western coast of Asia 
Inutilis, e, adj. comp. (m &| Ainor. 
utilis,) 2seless. Jonius, a, um, adj. of Jonia; 
Invado, -vadére, -vasi, -vaisum, Jonian: mare, that part 
. (in & vado,) to invade ; | of the Mediterranean which 
to attack; to assail. lies between Greece and the 
Invenio, -venire, -véni,-ventum, south of Italy. 
tr. (in & venio,) to come to, | Iphicrates, is, m. an Athenian 
or upon; to find; to get; general. 
to procure; to obtain; to| Iphigenia, x, f. the daughter 
anvent; to discover. of Agamemnon and Cly- 
Inventus, a, um, part. temnestra, and priestess of 
Investigo, fire, avi, datum, tr. Diana. 
(in & vestigo,) to trace or | Ipse, a, um, pro. 245, he him- 
Jind out; to investigate; to self; she herself; itself; or 
discover. 3 simply he; she; zt: et ipse, 
Invicem, adv. (in & vicis,) mu- he also; before a verb of 


tually; in turn: se imvi- 
cem occidérunt, they slew 
one another. tu ipse, thow thyself, &e. 
Invictus, a, um, part. (in &| Ira, x, f. anger; rage ; hence, 
Victus,) «nconquerable} im- | Irascor, irasci, intr. dep. to be 


the first or second person, 
I; thou: ego ipse, J muself: 


penetrable ; invulnerable. angry; hence, 
Invidia, x, f. (invidus,) envy; | Iratus, a, um, adj. angry. 
hatred. Ire. See Eo. 


22 


254 


Irreparabilis, e, adj. comp. (in 
& reparabilis,) <xreparable; 
errecover able. 


Irretio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (in &| 


rete,) to enclose in a net; 
to entangle; to ensnare. 

Trridens, tis, part. from 

Irrideo, dére, si, sum, tr. (in & 
rideo,) to laugh at; to de- 
ride. 

Irrigo, are, avi, atum, tr. (in & 
rigo,) to water ; to bedew ; to 
morsten. 

Irrito, are, avi, atum, tr. (hirrio, 
to snarl lke a dog ;) to irri- 


tute; to provoke; to incite. | 


Irruens, tis, part. from 

Trruo, uére, ui, (in & ruo,) intr. 
to rush in, into, or upon ; to 
rush; to attack. 

Is, ea, id, pro. § 31, 3, this; he: 
she; it: in eo esse, i. e. in 
eo statu, to be in that state; 
to be upon the point. 24.3, 

Issus, i, f a@ maritime city of 
Cilicia. 

Issicus, a, um, adj. of or be- 
longing to Issus. 

Tsocrates, is, m. a celebrated 
Athenvan orator. 

Iste, a, ud, pro. § 31, 2, that; 
that person or thing; he; 
she; tt. (The demonstra- 
tive of the second person, 
and used to indicate a thing 
near, relating to, or spoken 
of, by the person addressed. 
118, 3, 83d, 2028.) 

Ister, tri, m. the name of the 
Danube, after it enters il- 
lyricum. 


IRREPARABILIS—JACUZLOR. 


'_Isthmicus, a, um, adj. Jsth- 

mian; belonging to the 

Isthmus of Corinth: Vai, 

games celebrated at that 

| . place. 

Isthmus, i, m. an isthmus. 

Ita, adv. (is,) se; im such @ 
manner; even so, thus. 


Italia, 2, f. Italy. * 


Itailus, a, um, adj. /talian. 

Jtali, subs. the Jtalians. 

| Italicus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Italy; Italian. 

Itaque, adv. (ita & que,) and 
‘so; therefore. 

Iter, itinéris, n. (e0,) @ jowr- 
ney; a road; a mareh. 
Itérum, adv. (iter,) again, once 

more; a second time. 
Ithaca, x, f. a rocky island in 
the lonian sea, with w erty 
of the same name. 
Itidem, adv. (ita & idem,) w 
like manner ; likewise ; alsow 
Ttirus, a, um, part. (e0.): 
Ivi. See Eo. 





J. 


Jacens, tis, part. from 

Jaceo, ére, ui, itum, to He: intr. 
to be situated. 

Jacio, jacére, jéci, jactum, tr. 
to throw ; to cast; to fling; 
to hurl. 

jJacto, are, avi, atum, freq, 
(jacio,) to throw often; te 
toss; ta agitate. 

Jactus, a, um, part. (acio,) 
cast; thrown. 

Jacilor, ari, tus sum, tr. dep. 





JAM—JUS. 


yactilum, from jacio,) to 
hurl; to dart; to sheot. 

Jam, adv. (a stronger term 
than nunc,) now; already; 
presently; even: Jam nunc, 
even now: jam tum, even 

_ then: jam inde, ever since: 
jam primum, in the first 
place. 

Jamdidum, adv. Gam & du- 
dum, lately;) long ago. 
Janicilum, i, n. one of the seven 

hills of Rome. 

Jason, Onis, m. the son of 
Aison, king of Thessaly, 
and leader of the Argo- 

. nauts; also, an inhahitant 
of Lycia. 

Jejiinus, a, um, adj. comp. 
fasting; hungry. 

Jovis. See Jupiter. 

Juba, «, f the mane. 

Jubeo, jubére, jussi, jussum, 
tr. to command; to bid; to 
order; to direct. 

Jucundus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(jocus,) agreeable ; delight- 
ful; pleasant; sweet. 

Judea, wx, f. Judea. 

Judzeus, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Judea :—subs. a Jew. 


Judex, icis, ¢ (judico,) a 
judge. 
Judicium, i, n. (judex,) a 


judgment ; decision. 
Judico, are, avi, atum, tr. (jus 

& dico,) to judge ; to deem; 

to'determine; to decide. 
Jugérum, i,n. 96, 7, (the quan- 


tity ploughed by a yoke of 


25a 


oxen tn one day;) an acre 
of land. 185. 

Jugum, i, n. (jungo,) a yoke; 
a ridge ov chain of moun- 
tains: in war, an tnstru- 
ment consisting of twe 
spears placed erect, and a 
third laid transversely up- 
on them. 

Jugurtha, 2, m. a king of Nu- 
midia. . 
Julius, i, m. a name of Cesar, 
who belonged to the gens 

Julia. 

Junctus, a, um, part. (jungo.) 

Junior, adj. (comp. from juvé- 
nis,) younger ; §26,6, 224. 

Junius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman tribe which includ- 
ed the family of Brutus. 

Junge, jungére, junxi, junctum, 
tr. to unite; to connect; to 
jowm: currui, to put in; to 
harness to. 

Juno, onis, f. the daughter of 
Saturn and wife of Jupi- 
ter. 

Jupiter, Jovis, m. § 15, 12, the 
son of Saturn and king of - 
the gods. 128. 

Jurgiosus, a, um, adj. (jurgi- 
um,) guarrelsome; brawi- 
ing. 

Juro, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
swear; from 

Jus, juris, n. right; justice; 
natural law: jus civitatis, 
the freedom of the etty; cit- 
izenship: jure, with reason; 


rightly ; deservedly. 


256 


Jussi. See Jubeo. 
Jussus, a, um, part. (jubeo.) 
Jussu, abl. m. (jubeo,) @ com- 
mand. 
Justitia, a, f. justice; from 
Justus, a, um, adj. comp. (jus,) 
Just; right; full; regular ; 
orlinary ; exact. 
Juvenca, x, f. (f. of juvencus, 
i. e. jJuvenicus, fr. juvénis,) 
a cow; a heifer. 
Juv&ncius, i, m. a Roman gen- 
eral, conquered by Andris- 
cus. 
Juvénis, adj. (junior, § 26, 6,) 
(fr. juvo,) young; youth- 
Sul. 2? 4. 
Juvénis, is, c. @ young man or 
woman; a youth; hence, 
Juventus, iitis, f. youth. 
Juvo, juvare, juvi, jutum, tr. 
to help; to assist. 
Juxta, prep. (jungo,) near; 
hard by:—adv. altke; 
even; equally. 


Ai; 


L., an abbreviation of Lucius. 

Labor, & Labos, oris, m. labor ; 
tovl, 

Labor, labi, lapsus, intr. dep. 
to fall; to glide; to glide 
away; to flow on. 

Laboridsus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(labor,) laborious. 

Laboro, are, avi, datum, intr. 
to work or labor; to suffer 
with; to be distressed. 

Labyrinthus, i, m. @ labyrinth. 

Lac, lactis, n. milk. 


JUSSI—LANATUS. 


Lacedzemon, Snis, f. Lacede- 


mon, or Sparta, the capital 
of Laconia. 
Lacedemonius, a, um, adj. 
belonging to Lacedemon; 
Lacedemonian ; Spartan. 
Laceratus, a, um, part. from 
Lacéro, are, avi, atum, tr. (la- 
cer, mangled ;) to tear in 
preces. s 
Lacessitus, a, um, part. from 
Lacesso, Gre, ivi, itum, tr. (la- 
cio,) to provoke ; to stir up; 
to disturb; to trouble. 
Lacryma, -e, f. a tear. 
Lacus, Gs, m. a lake. 
Laconicus, a, um, adj. Laconic; 
Spartan; Lacedamonian. 
Ledo, ledere, leesi, lesum, tr. 
to mjure; to hurt. 


_Leetatus, a, um, part. (leetor.) 


Letitia, 2, f. (letus,) joy. 

Leetor, ari, atus sum, intr. dep. 
to rejoice; to be glad; to be 
delighted with. 

Letus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) glad; joyful; full of 
joy; fortunate; prosperous; 
Sruitful; abundant. 

Levinus, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family; (P. Vale- 
rius,) @ Roman consul. 

Leevor, Oris, m. (levis or levis,) 
smoothness. 

Lagus, i, m. a@ Macedonian, 
who adopted as his son that 
Ptolemy who afterwards 
became king of Egypt. 

Lana, 2, f. wool. 

Lanatus, a, um, adj. bearing 
wool; woolly. 


LANIATUS—LEGATIO. 


Laniatus, a, um, part. from 

Lanio, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
tear in pveces. 

Lapicidina, x, f. (lapis & cex- 
do,) @ quarry. 

Lapideus, a, um, adj. stony; 
from 

Lapis, idis, m. @ stone. 

Lapsus, a, um, part. (labor.) 

Laqueus,; i, m. @ noose; 
snare. 

Largitio, dnis, f. (largior, from 
largus,) @ present. 

Laté, adv. (itis, issime,) wide- 
ly; extensively; from latus. 

Latebra, x, f. (lateo,) a lurk- 
ing-place; a hiding-place ; 
a retreat. 

Latens, tis, part. from 

Lateo, ére, ui, intr. to be hid- 
den; to be concealed; to be 
unknown ; to be unknown to. 

Later, éris, m. a brick. 

Latercilus, i, m. dim. (later,) 
a little brick; a brick. 

Latinus, i, m. an ancient king 
of the Laurentes, a people 
of Italy. 

Latinus, a, um, adj. Latin; of 
Latium: Latini, subs. the 
Latins. 

Latittido, inis, f. (latus,) breadth. 

Latium, i, n. Latiwm. 

Latmus, i, m. a@ mountain in 
Caria, near the borders of 
Tonia. 

Latina, x, f. the daughter of 
the giant Ceeus, and moth- 
er of Apollo and Diana. 

Latro, are, Avi, atum, intr. & 
tr. to bark; to bark at. 


a 


257 


Latro, Onis, m. properly, @ 
mercenary soldier; com- 
monly, a robber. 

Latrocinium, i, n. (latrocinor,) 
robbery ; piracy. 

Latiirus, a, um, part. (fero.) 

Latus, a, um, adj. (ior, issis 
mus,) broad; wide. 

Latus, éris, n. a side. 

Laudatus, a, um, part. from 

Laudo, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
praise; to extol; to contmend. 

Laurentia, x, f. See Acca. 

Laus, dis, f. praise; glory ; hon- 
or; fame; repute; estima- 
tion; value. 

Laute, adv. its, issime, (lau- 
tus, fr. lavo,) swmptuously ; 
magnificently. 

Lavinia, «, f. the daughter of 
Latinus, and the second 
wife of dinéas. 

Lavinium, i, n. a city in Italy, 
built by dinéas. 

Lavo, lavare & lavére, lavi, 
lotum, lautum, & lavatum, 
tr. to wash; to bathe. 

Leena, 2, f. a lioness. 

Leander, & Leandrus, dri, m. 
a youth of Abydos, distin- 
guished for his attachment 
to Hero. 

Lebes, étis, m. a kettle; a cal- 
dron. 

Lectus, a, um, part. (lego,) 
read; chosen. ° 

Leda, «x, fi the wife of Tynda- 
rus, king of Sparta, and 
the mother of Heléna. 

Legatio, Onis, f. (lego, are,) an 
embassy. 


258 LEGATUS—LIGO. 


Legatus, i, m. (lego, dre,) a 
deputy; a heutenant; an 
ambassador. 

Legio, onis, f. (lego, ére,) a le- 
gion; ten cohorts of soldiers. 

Legislator, dris, m. (lex & fero,) 
a legislator; a lawgiver. 

Lego, legére, legi, lectum, tr. 
to gather; to collect; to 
choose; to read. 

Lemanus, i, m. the name of a 
lake in Gaul, bordering up- 
on the country of the Helve- 
tiv, now the lake of Geneva. 

Leo, dnis, m. a lion. 

Leonidas, x, m. a brave king 
of Sparta, who fell in the 
battle of Thermopyle. 

Leontinus, a, um, adj. belong- 
ing to Leontini, a city and a 
people of the same name, on 
the eastern coast of Sicily. 

Lepidus, i, m. the name of an 
illustrious family of the 
Aimilian clan. 

Lepus, dris, m. a hare. 

Letiilis, e, adj. fatal; deadly ; 
from. 

Letum, & Lethum, i, n. death. 

Levis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
light; trivial ; inconsidera- 
ble; smooth; hence, 

Levitas, atis, f lightness. 

Levo, are, avi, datum, tr. (le- 
vis,) to make light ; to ease; 
to relieve ; to ieee to al- 
leviate. 

Lex, gis, f. (lego,) stabute or 
written law; alaw; a condi- 
tion. Legem ferre, or roga- 
re, to propose alaw. See jus. 


Libens, tis, part. (libet,) wil. 
ling. 

Libenter, adv. (ius, issime, fr. 
libens,) willingly. 

Libet, or Lubet, libuit, imp. at 
pleases. 

Liber, libéra, libérum, adj. free; 
(liberior, liberrimus.) 
Liber, libri, m. the inner bark 
of a tree; a writing on 

bark; a leaf; a book. 

Liberaliter, adv. (liberalis,) 
liberally ; kindly. 

Liberatus, a, um, part. (libéro,) 
liberated ; set at liberty. 

Libére, adv. itis, rime, (liber,) 
Sreely; without restraint. 

Libéri, orum, m. pl. (liber,) 
persons free born ; children. 

Libéro, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
Sree; to liberate ; to deliver. 

Libertas, Atis, f. (liber,) hb- 
erty. 

Libya, x, f. properly Libya, a 
kingdom of Africa, lying 
west of Egypt; sometimes 
at comprehends the whole 
of Africa. 

Licinius, i, m. @ name common 
among the Romans. 

Licet, uit, itum est, imp. § 85, 4, 
it ts lawful; rt 1s permitted: 
tibi, you may; one may. 

Licet, conj. although. [454. 

Lienodsus, a, um, adj. (lien, the 
spleen, ') splenetie. 

Ligneus, a, um, adj. wooden; fr. 

Lignum, i, n. wood; a log of 
wood ; timber: lina, preces 
of wood; sticks. 

Ligo, are, avi, atum, tr. to bind. 


LIGURIA—LUCULLUS. 


try in the west of Italy. 

Ligus, tris, m. a Ligurian. 

Ligusticus, a, um, adj. Ligu- 
rian: mare, the gulf of 
Genoa. 

Lilybeum, i, n. a promontory 
on the western coast of Sic- 
aly. 

Limpidus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
simus,) (lympha or limpa,) 
transparent ; limpid ; clear. 

Limus, i, m. mud; clay. 

Lingua, z, f. (lingo,) the tongue; 
a language. 

Linum, i, n. flax; linen. 

Liquidus, a, um, adj. (liqueo, 
to melt;) (ior, issimus,) l- 
quid; clear; pure; limpid. 

Lis, litis, f. a strife; a conten- 

tion; a controversy. 

Littéra, or Litéra, e, f. (lino,) 
a letter of the alphabet: 
(pl.) letters; literature; 
learning; aletter ; an epis- 
tle; hence, 

Litterarius, a, um, adj. belong- 
ing to letters; literary. 
Littus, or Litus, dris, n. the 

shore. 

Loco, are, Avi, atum, tr. to 
place, set, dispose, or ar- 
range; to give or dispose 
of in marriage; from 

Locus, i, m. in sing.; loci & 
loca, m. & n. in pl. a 
place. 

Locusta, x, f. a locust. 

Longe, aiv. (ius, issime,) (lon- 
ous,) far; far off: 


Longinquus, a ks = (comp. 


12 


Liguria, «, f. Liguria, a coun- 
9 9 ’ 





209 


ior,) far; distant; 
foreign. 

Longitiido, inis, f. length; fr. 

Longus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) long: applied both 
to time and space; last- 
tng. 

Locitus, a, um, part. (loquor,) 
having spoken. 

Locutiirus, a, um, part. about 
to speak; from 

Loquor, loqui, loctitus sum, 
intr. dep. to speak; to cox- 
verse: tr. to say. 

Lorica, x. f. a coat of mail; 
corselet; breasi-plate; cui- 
Tass ; (anciently made of 
thongs;) from 

Lorum, i, n. a thong. 

Lubens, tis, part. (lubet.) 

Lubenter, adv. (ius, issime.) 
See Libenter. 

Lubet. See Libet. 

Lubido, or Libido, inis, f. ust ; 
desire. 

Lubricus, a, um, adj. (labor,) 
to slip; slippery. 

Luceo, lucére, luxi, intr. to 
shine. 

Lucius, i, m. a Roman preno- 
men. 

Lucretia, x, f. a@ Roman mat- 
ron, the wife of Collatinus. 

Lucretius, i, m. the father of 
Lueretia. 

Luctus, tis, m. (lugeo,) mourn- 
ing; sorrow. 

Lucullus, i, m. a Roman cele- 
brated for his luxury, his 
patronage of learned men, 
and his military talents. 


long; 


260 


Lucus, i, m. a wood, consecra- 
ted to some deity; a grove. 

Ludo, ludére, lusi, lusum, i 
to play; to be in sport; 
deceive ; from 

Ludus, i; m. a game ; a play; a 
place of exercise; a school: 
gladiatorius, @ “aed jor 
gladiators. 

Lugeo, lugére, luxi, intr. to 
mourn; to lament. 

Lumen, inis, n. (luceo,) Light ; 
an eye. 

Luna, 2, f. the moon. 

Lupa, 2, f. a she-wolf. 

Lupus, i, m. a wolf. 

a, e, f. a nightingale. 

Lusitania, 2, f. a part of His- 
pania, now Portugal. 

Lustro, dre, avi, atum, tr. fo 
purify ; ; to appease; to ex- 
prate: exercitum, {fo re- 
view; to muster; from 

Lustrum, i, n. (luo or lavo,) 


purification; a sacrifice of 


purification offered at the 


conclusion of the census ev- 


LUCUS—MACROBII. 


Lutum, i, n. (luo,) clay. 

Lux, lucis, f. Light. 

este ee, f. (luxus, fr. luo,) 
that which dissolves or loos- 
ens the energies of body and 
mind; hence, luxury; ex- 
cess; voluptuousness. 

Lycius, a, um, adj. Lycian ; of 
Lycia, a country of Asia 
Minor. 

Lycomédes, is, m. a king of 
Scyros. 

Lycurgus, 1, m. the Spartan 
law-gqueer. 

Lydia, «x, t. a country of Asia 
Minor. 

Lysander, dri, m. a celebrated 
Lacedemonian general. 
Lysimachus, 1, m. one of Alex- 
ander’s generals, who was 
afterwards king of a part 

of Thrace. 


M. 


M., an abbreviation of Marcus. 
Macédo, dnis,m. a Macedonian. 


ery five years; a period of | Macedonia, x. f. a country of 


Jive years ; a place for bath- 
ing ; hence, the place where 
swine wallow ; aden or lair 
of wild beasts. 

Lusus, tis, m. (ludo,) a game: 
a play: per lusum, in sport; 
sportively. . 

Lutatius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman tribe: C. Lutatius 


Europe, lying west of 
Thrace, and north of Thes- 
saly and Epirus. 


Macedonicus, a, um, adj. of 


Macedonia; Macedonian; 
also, an agnomen. or sir- 


name of Q Q. Metellus. 


Macies, @i, f. (maceo.) Jean~ 


ness; decay. 


Catilus, a Roman consul | Macrobii, drum, m. pl. (a Greek 


an the Punic war. 
Lutetia, «x, f. a city of Gaul, 
now Paris. 


word signifying \ong- 
lived ) a name given to Leoy- 


tain tribes of thexrsamg, 


MACTATUS—MALUM. 


who were distinguished for 
ther longevity. 

Mactiitus, a, um, part. from 

Macto, are, avi, atum, tr. (ma- 
gis aucto, from augeo,) to 
anerease with honors; to 
enrich: to honor with sa- 
crifices: hence, to sacrifice; 
to slay. 

“Macila, vx, f. a@ spot; a stain. 

Madeo, Gre, ui, intr. to be 
motst; to be wet. 

Menades, um, f. pl. priestesses 
of Bacchus; ie bac- 
chanals. 

Meitis, idis, adj. Meotian: 
palus Meotis, a lake or 
gulf, lying north of the 
EHuxine, now called the sea 
of Azoph. 

Magis, adv. (sup. maxime, 
Gr. 234,) more; rather; 
better. 464. 

Magister, tri, m. (magis,) @ 
teacher; a master: magis- 
ter equitum, the command- 
er of the cavalry, and the 
dictator's lieutenant; hence, 

Magistratus, Us, m. @ magis- 
tracy; a civil office; a ma- 
gistrate. 

Magnesia, x, f. a@ town of 
Lonia. 

Magnifice, adv. (entius, ertis- 
sime,) (magnificus,) mag- 
nificently ; splendidly. 

Magnificentia, x, f. (id.) mag- 
nificence ; splendor ; grand- 
eur; from 

Magnifieus, a, um, adj. (en- 
tior, entissimus,) (magnus 


261 


and facio,) magnificent; 
splendid. 

Magnitiido, inis, f. (magnus,) 
greatness; magnitude; size; 
(applied chiefly to material 
objects.) ° 

Magnopére, adv. sometimes 
magno opére, (magnus & 
opus,) greatly; very; ear- 
nestly. 

Magnus, a, um, adj. (major, 
maximus, 113,) the gene- 
ral term applied te great- 
ness of every kind;) great; 
large. 219. 

Major, comp. (magnus,) great- 
er; the elder; hence, 
Majores, um, m. pl. forefath- 

ers ; ancestors. 

Male, adv. (pejtis, pessime,) 
(malus,) badly; wl; hurt- 
Sully. 

Maledico, -dicére, -dixi, -dic- 
tum, intr. (male & dico,) to 
revile; to rail at; to abuse; 
to reproach. 

Maledicus, a, um, adj. (entior. 
entissimus, 113, 3,) revdl- 
ing; railing; scurrilous ; 
abusive. 221. 

Maleficus, a, um, adj. (entior, 
entissimus, 113, 3,) (male 
& facio,) wicked; hurtful; 
mischievous ; injurious :-— 
subs. an evil doer. 229. 

Malo, malle, malui, tr. irr. 
(magis & volo,) § 83, 6, to 
prefer; to be more willing; 
io wish. 419. 

'Malum, i, n. an apple. 

|Malum, i, n. (malus,) ed; 


262 


misfortune; calamity; suf- 
Serings; evil deeds. 

Malus, a, um, adj. (pejor, pes- 
simus, § 26,) bad; wicked: 
mali, bad men. 219. 

Mancinus, i, m. a Roman con- 
sul who made a disgraceful 
peace with the Numantians. 

Mando, mandére, mandi, man- 
sum, tr. to chew; to eat. 

Mando, are, avi, atum, tr. (man- 
ui & do,) to give into one’s 
hand; hence, to command; 
to intrust; to commit; to 
bid; to enjoin: mandare 
marmoribus, to engrave up- 
on marble. 

Mane, ind. n. the morning; 
adv. early in the morning. 

Maneo, ére, si, sum, intr. to 
remain; to continue. 

Manes, ium, m. pl. the manes ; 
ghosts or shades of the dead. 

Manlius, i, m.a Roman proper 
name. 

Mano, are, Avi, atum, intr. to 

Ow. 

Mansuefacio, -facére, -féci, -fac- 
tum, tr. (mansues & facio,) 
to tame; to make tame. 

Mansuefio, -fiéri, -factus sum, 
irr. § 83, Obs. 3, p. 158, to 
be made tame. 429. 

Mansuefactus, a, um, part. 

Mantinéa, e, f. a city of Arca- 
dia. 

Manubie, arum, f. pl. (ma- 
nus,) booty; spoils; plun- 
der. 

Manumissus, a, um, part. fr. 

Manumitto, -mittére, -misi, 


MALUS—MARS. 


-missum, tr. (manus & mits 
to,) to set free; at liberty; 
to free; to manumitt 

Manus, tis, f. a hand; the trunk 
of an elephant; a band or 
body of soldiers. 

Mapale, is, n. a hut or cottage 
of the Numidians. 

Marcellus, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family which pro- 
duced many  tllustrious 
men. | 

Marcius, i, m. a Roman name 
and eognomen or surname. 

Marcus, i, m. a Roman pre- 
nomen. 

Mare, is, n. the sea; (a gene- 
ral term: equor, a level 
surface: pontus, the sea, 
so called from Pontus, an 
ancient god of the sea: pe- 
lagus, the deep sea.) 

Margarita, 2, f. a pearl. 

Mariandyni, drum, m. pl. a 
people of Bithynia. 

Marinus, a, um, adj. (mare,) 
marine; pertaining to the 
sea: aqua marina, sea- 
water. 

Maritimus, a, um, adj. (id.) 
maritime; on the sea-coast : 
copie, naval forces. 

Maritus, i, m. (mas,) a hus- 
band. 

Marius, i, m. (C.) @ distin- 
guished Roman general, 
who was seven times elected 
consul. 

Marmor, Oris, n. marble. 

Mars, tis, m. the son of Jupiter 
and Juno, and god of war. 


MARSI—MEGASTHENES. 


265 


Marsi, drum, m.’pl. a people of | Maximus, i, m. a Roman sur- 


Latium, upon the borders 
of Lake Ticinus. 


Marsyas, 2, m. @ celebrated 


Phrygian musician; also, 


any | 
a brother of Antigonus, the 


king of Macedonia. 
Massa, x, f. a mass; a lump. 
Massicus, a, um, ad. Massic, 


of Massicus, a mountain. 


in Campania, famous ae 
ats wines vinum, Massic | 
wine. 

Massilia, 2, f. a maritime town 
of Gallia Narbonensis, now 

Marseilles. 

Mater, tris. f. a mother ; a ma- 
tron ;' hence, 

Materia, 2, f. a material; mat- 
ter; stuff; timber. 

Matrimoniam, i, n. (id.) ma- 
trimony ; marriage. 

Matrona, «x, f. a river of Gaul. 

Matrona, x, f. @ matron. 

Maturesco, mature escére, ma- 
turui, intr. ine. to rz pens; to 
grow ripe; trom 

Matiirus, a, um, adj. (ior, ri- 
mus, or i issimus,) ripe ; ma- 
ture; perfect. 

Mauritaiia, ee, f. a country in 
the western part of Africa, 
extending from Numidia to | 
the Atlantic ocean. 

Mausolus, i, m. a hing of Ca- 
rl. 

Maxilla, «, f. a yaw; a jaw- 
bone. 

Maxime, adv. (sup. of magis,) 
most of all; especiaily; 
greatly. 


name: Qu. Fabius Maxi- 
mus, a distinguished Ro- 
man general. 

Maximus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
magnus,). greatest; eldest: 
maximus natu, oldest. See 
Natu. 

| Mecum, (me & cum,) with me. 

| Medeor, eri, intr. dep. to cure; 
to heal. 

Medicina, a, f. (medicus,) med- 
acine. 

Medico, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(id.) to heal; to administer 
medicine; to medicate; to 
prepare medically; to em- 
bain. 

Medicus, i, m. a physician. 

Medians, a, um, part. de- 

I 

i 

| 

| 





signed ; practiced; trom 
Meditor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
to meditate; to reflect ; to 
practice. 
Mediomairici, 6Grum, m. pl. a 
people of Belgie Gaul. 
Medius, a, um, adj. middle ; 


the midst: medium, the 
middle. 

Mediisa, x, f one of the three 
Gorgons. 

Megira, «, f. the capital of 
“Me garis. 


Megarenses, ium, m. pl. Mega- 
rensians; the inhabitants 
of Megvra. 

Megiris, idis, f. @ small coun- 
try of Greece. 

Megasthénes, is, m. a Greek 

| Wisteria, whose works have 


been losi. 





264 
Meherciile, adv. by Hercules ; | 


truly; certainly. 

Mel, lis, n. honey. 

Meleagrus, & -ager, gri, m. a 
king of Calydonia. 

Meiior, us, adj. (comp of bo- 
nus, 113,) better. 

Melitis, adv. (comp. of bene, 
234,) better. 219. 

Membrana, 2, f.a thin skin; a 
membrane ; parchment. 

Membrun, i, n. a Limb; amem- 
ber. 

Memini, def. pret. 222, 2, J 
remember; I relate. 437. 

Memor, Oris, adj. mindful. 

Memorabilis, e, adj. comp. 
(memor,) memorable; re- 
markable; worthy of being 
mentioned. 

Memoria, x, f. (id.) memory. 

Mem6oro, Are, Avi, Atum, tr. to 
remember; to call to one’s 
memory; to say; to men- 
tion. 

Memphis, is, f. a large city of 
Ligypt. 

Mendacium, i, n. a falsehood ; 
from 

Mendax, cis, adj. (mentior,) 
false; lyrng. 

Menelaus, i, m. a king of 
Sparta, the son of Atreus, 
and husband of Helen. 

Menenius, i, m. (Agrippa,) a 
Roman, distinguished for 


his success in reconciling | 


MEHERCULE—MERITUM. 


ing faculty. as distinguished 
from animus, the seat of 
Seelings and passions.) An- 
imo et mente, with the whole 
soul. 

Mensis, is, m. a month. 

Mentio, Onis, f. (memini,) a 
mention or a speaking of. 

Mentior, ir itus sum, tr. dep. 
to he; to assert falsely; to 
Jeign; to decewve. 

Mercator, dris, m. (mercor,) a 
merchant; a trader. 

Mercatiira, 2, f. id.) merchan- 
dise; trade. 

Mercatus, fis, m. (id.) @ mar- 
ket; a mart; a fair; an 
emporium; a sale. 

Merces, édis, f. (mereo,) wa- 
ges; areward; a price. 

Mercurius, i, m. Mercury, the 
son of Jupiter and Maia. 
He was the messenger of 
the gods. 

Mereo, Gre, ui, itum, intr. & 
tr. to deserve; to gain; to 
acquire. 

Mereor, éri, itus sum, intr. & 
tr. dep. to deserve ; to earn. 

Mergo, mergére, mersi, mer- 
sum, tr. to sink; to dip in, 
or under. 

Meridianus, a, um, adj. south- 
ern; south; at noon-day ; 
from 

Meridies, ii, m. (medius, & di- 
es,) noon; mid-day; south. 


the plebeians to the patri-| Merito, adv. with reason ; with 


cians. 


good reason; deservedly. 


Mens, tis, f. the mind; the un-| Meritum, i, n. (mereo,) mertt ; 


derstanding; (the reason- 


desert. 


MERSI—MINIMUS. 265 


~Mersi. See Mergo. Migro, are, Avi, datum, intr. to 
Mersus, a, um, part. (mergo.) remove ; to migrate ; to wan- 
Merila, x, f. a blackbird. der. 
Merx, cis, f. merchandise. Mihi. See Ego. 
Messis, is, f. (meto,) the har-| Miles, itis, c. (mille, properly, 
vest; a reaping. one of a thousand ;) a sol- 
Meta, «, f. (meto, are,) a pil- dier; the soldiery. 
lar in the form of a cone; Miletus, i, f. the capital of 
a goal, a limit. lonia, near the borders of 
Metagenium, i, n. @ promon-| Carva. 
tory in the northern part of | Militia, 2, f. (miles,) war; 
Africa. military service. 
Metallum, i, n. metal; a mine.| Milito, are, avi, atum, intr. 
Metanira, x, f. the wife of Ce- (id.) ¢o serve in war. 
leus, king of Hleusis. Mille, n. ind. (in sing.) a thou- 
Metellus, i, m. the name of sand: millia, um, pl.—mil- 
an illustrious family at le, adj. ind. 104, 5. 
Rome. Milliarium, i, n. (mille, se, pas- 
Metior, metiri, mensus sum, suum, 909,) a milestone; a 
tr. dep. to measure. mile, or 5000 feet: ad quin- 
Metius, i, m. (Suffetius,) an tum milliarium urbis, to the 
Alban general, put to death Jifth milestone of the city, 
by Tullus Hostilius. i.e. within five miles of the 
Meto, metére, messui, messum, city. 
tr. to reap; to mow. Miltiades, is, m. @ celebrated 
Metuo, metuére, metui, tr. & Athenian general, who con- 
intr. to fear; from quered the Persians. 
Metus, ts, m. fear. Milvius, i, m. @ kite. 
Meus, a, um, pro. 121, (ego,)| Mine, arum, f. pl. (mineo, 
my; mine. 236. to hang over;) projecting 
Micipsa, 2, m. a king of Nu- points; battlements; com- 
midia. monly, threats. 


Mico, are, ui, intr. to move | Minatus, a, um, part. (minor.) 
quickly, or with a quiver- | Minerva, x, f. the daughter of 
ing, tremulous motion, as Jupiter, and goddess of war 
the tongue of a serpent; to and wisdom. 
glance; to shine; to gltter., Minime, adv. (sup. of parum,) 
See dimico. least ; at least; not at all. 

Midas, x, m. a king of Phry- | Minimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
gia, distinguished for his parvus, 113,) the least; the 
wealth smallest. 219. 











266 MINISTERIUM—MODUS. 


Ministerium, i, n. (minister,) or misertus sum, tr. dep. 
service; labor. (miser,) to have compas- 

Minium, i, n. red lead; ver- seon; to pity. 
milion. pulang miseruit, miseritum 


Minor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. est, imp. (misereo, fr. mi- 
& intr. to project; to reach ser,) ¢¢ pitieth: me misé- 
upwards; to threaten; to ret, J pity. 





menace. Misericordia, 2, f. (misericors, 
Minor, oris, adj. (comp. of par-. from misereo & cor,) pity; 

vus, 113,) less; smaller | compassion. 

weaker. 219. Miséror, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
Minos, dis, a son of Huropa, (miser,) to pity. 

and king of Crete. Misi. See Mitto. 
Minuo, minuére, minui, mini-| Mistus & mixtus, a, um, part. 

tum, tr. (minus,) to dimin- (misceo.) 

ish. Mithridates, is, m. a celebrated 


Mints, adv. (minor,) (comp. king of Pontus. 
of parum,) less: quo minus, | Mithridaticus, a, um, adj. be- 





or quominus, that—not. longing to Mithridates; 
Miracilum, i, n. (miror,) a Mithridatie. 
miracle; a wonder. Mitis, e, adj. § 21, IL, (ior, is- 
Mirabilis, e, adj. (id.) wonder- simus,) meld; meek; kind; 
ful; astonishing. humane. 196. 
Miratus, a, um, part. (miror,) | Mitto, mittére, misi, missum, 
wondering at. - tr. to send; to throw; to 
Mire, adv. (mirus,) wonder- bring forth; to produce ; to 
fully; remarkably. afford:  uutiere ice im 
Miror, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. aquam, to plunge into the 
to wonder at; to admire; water. 
from Mixtus. See Mistus. 
Mirus, a, um, adj. wonderful; | Modicus, a, um, adj. (modus,) 
surprising. moderate ; of moderate size; 
Misceo, miscére, miscui, mis- small. 
tum or mixtum, tr. to min-| Modius, 1, m. @ measure; a 
gle; to mix. half bushel. 908, 4.1559. 
Miser, Gra, Grum, adj. (erior,| Modo, adv. now; only; but: 
errimus,) miserable; un- modo—modo, sometimes— 
happy; wretched; sad. sometimes: conj. (for si 
Miseratus, a, um, part. (misé- modo or dummédo,) pro- 
ror.) vided that; if only. 


Misereor, miseréri, miseritus,! Modus, i, m. a measure; same 


MC@NIA—MUCIDS. 


267 


as modius, (908, 4,) @ man- | Mordax, dcis, adj. (comp.) dit- 


ner; a way; degree ; limit; 


moderation. 1559, 4. 


Mvcenia, um, n. pl. (aun 10,) the | 


walls of a city, furnished |} Mores. 


ang; sharp; snappish; fr. 


_Mordeo, mordére, momordi, 
morsum, tr. to bite. 
See Mos. 


with towers and battlements , Moriens, tis, part. from 


for defence. 


Meenus, i, m. the Maine, a river 
of Germany, and a branch 


of the Rhine. 


Moerens, tis, part. from 


Meereo, mcerére, intr. to be sad; 


to mourn. 


Meeris, is, m. a lake in Egypt. | Morosus, a, um, adj. 
Moles, is, f. a mass; a bulk; a 


burden; a weight; a pile. 
Molestus, a, um, adj. (moles,) 


| Morior, mori & moriri, mor- 


tuus sum, intr. dep. 220, to 
die. 899 
Moror, ari, atus sum, intr. dep. 
to delay; to tarry; to stay; 
toremain; tr. nihil moror, 7 
care not for; I value not. 
comp. 
(mos,) morose; peevish ; 
fretful. 


Mors, tis, f. death. 


(ior, issimus,) irksome ; se- | Morsus, tis, m. (mordeo,) bite ; 


vere; troublesome; oppres- | 
| Mortalis, e, adj. (mors,) mortal. 


sive; unwelcome. 
Mollio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to 
soften; to moderate; trom 
Mollis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
soft; tender. 
Molossi, drum, m. pl. the Molos- 
sians, a people of Eptrus. 
Momordi. See Mordeo. 
Monens, tis, part. from 
Moneo, Gre, ui, itum, tr. to ad- 
vise; to remind; to warn; 
to admonish; hence, 
Monimentum, or -umentum, i, 





biting. 


Mortuus, a, um, part. (morior,) 
. dead. 

Mos, moris, m. @ manner; a 
way; a custom: more, af- 
ter the manner of; like: 
mores, conduct; deportment; 
manners ; customs. 

Mossyni, drum, m. p. a people 
of Asia Minor, near the 
Huxine. 

Motus, tis, m. (moveo,) motion: 
terre motus, az earthquake. 


n. (moneo,) a monument ; «| Motus, a, um, part. from 


memorial; a record; and 
Monitor, doris, m. a monitor. 
Mons, tis, m. @ mountain; a 
mount. 
Monstro, are, avi, atum, tr. (mo- 
neo,) to show; point out. 
Mora, zx, f. delay. 
Morbus, i, m. a disease. 


Moveo, movére, movi, motum, 
tr. to move; to stir; to ex- 
cite. 

Mox, adv. soon; soon after; by 
and by. 

Mucius, i, m. (Seevola,) a Ro- 
man, celebrated for his for- 
titude. 


268 


Muliebris, e, adj. womanly; 
Female ; from ‘ 

Mulier, éris, f. a woman. 

Multittido, inis, f (multus,) @ 
multitude. 

Mulio, or -cto, are, Avi, atum, 
tr. (multa, or mulcta, from 
mulgeo,) to punish by de- 
privation; to fine; to im- 
pose a fine; to sentence to 

ay a fine: 

Multd, & Multtim, adv. much: 
multo, by far. 

Multus, a, um, adj. much; 
many. 

Mummius, i, m.a@ Roman gen- 
eral. 

Mundus, i, m. (mundus, neat, 
orderly,) the world; the 
universe. 

Muniendus, a, um, part. from 

Munio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to 
build a wall or fortress; to 
jortify: viam, to open or 
prepare a road. 

Munus, éris, n. an office; ser- 
vice; duty; a gift; a pre- 
sent; a favor; a reward 
for service; (distinguished 
from donum, a free gift.) 

Muralis, e, adj. pertaining to 
a wall: corona, the mural 
crown, given to him who 
Jirst mounted the wall of -a 
besieged town; from 

Murus, i, m. a wall;. a wall of 
a town, garden, or other 
enclosed place. 

Mus, muris, m. a mouse. 

Musa, 2, f. @ muse; a song. 

Musca, x, f. a fly. 


ae 





MULIEBRIS—NARBONENSIS. 


Musciilus, i, m. dim, (mus,) @ 
little mouse. 

Musice, es, & “Musica, x, f. 
(musa,) music; the art of 
music; hence, 

Musicus, a, um, adj. muszcal. 

Muto, are, avi, atum, tr. (mo- 
veo,) to change; to trans- 
form. 

Myegdonia, «x, f. a small coun- 
try of Phrygqua. 

Myrmecides, is, m. an ingen- 
tous artist of Miletus. 

Myndius, i, m. a Myndian; an 
inhabitant of Myndus. 

Myndus, i, f. a caty in Caria, 
near Halicarnassus. 

Mysia, x, f. a country of Asia 
Minor, having the Propon- 
tis on the north, and the 
igean sea on the west. 


‘ N. 

Nabis, idis, m. a tyrant of La- 
cedemon. 

Ne, adv. verily; truly. 

Nactus, a, um, part. (nancis- 
cor,) having found. 

Nam, conj. for; but. 

Nanciscor, nancisci, nactus 
sum, tr. dep. (nancio, not 
used,) to get; to find; to 
meet with. 

Narbonensis, e, adj. Narbo- 
nensis Gallia, one of the 
four divisions of Gaul, in 
the south-eastern part, de- 
riving its name from the 
city of Narbo, now Nar- 
bonne. 


NARIS—NEMO. 


Naris, is, f. the nostril. 

Narro, are, avi, atum, tr. to re- 
late; to tell; to say. 

Nascor, nasci, natus sum, intr. 
dep. to be born; to grow; to 
be produced. 


269 


Navigo, are, avi, atum, tr. (na- 
vis & ago,) to steer, navi- 
gate, or direct a ship; to 
navigate; to sail: naviga- 
tur, imp. navigation is car- 
ried on; they sail. 


Nascica, 2, m. a surname of  Navis, is, f. a ship. 


Publius Cornelius Scipio. 

Nasus, i, m. the nose. 

Natalis, e, adj. (nascor,) na- 
tal: dies natalis, a birth- 
day. 

Natans, tis, part. from 

Nato, are, avi, atum, intr. freq. 
(no,) to swim; to float. 

Natu, abl. sing. m. by birth: 
natu minor, the younger: 
minimus, the youngest: ma- 
jor, the elder: maximus, the 
oldest; § 26, 6. 224n. 

Natiira, 2, f. (nascor,) na- 
ture; creation; power; 
hence, 

Naturalis, e, adj. natural. 

Natus, a um, part. (nascor,) 
born: octoginta annos na- 
tus, born eighty years ; i.e. 
eighty years old; hence, 

Natus, i, m. @ son. 

Nautragium, i, n. (navis & 
frango,) a shipwreck. 

Nauta, x, and navita, x, (na- 
vis,) m. @ sailor. 

Navalis, e, adj. (navis,) naval ; 
belonging to ships. 

Navigabilis, e, adj. (navigo,) 
navigable. 

Navigutio, dnis, f. (id.) naviga- 
tion; and 

Navigium, i, n. a ship; a ves- 
sel; from 








Ne, conj. not; lest; lest that; 
that—not: ne quidem, not 
even. 

Ne, ‘conj. enclitic: whether ; 
or: (In direct questions the 
translation is commonly 
omitted, Id. 56, 3d.) 

Nec, conj. (ne & que,) and not ; 
but not; neither; nor. 
Necessarius, a, um, adj. (ne- 
cesse,) necessary :—subs. @ 

Sriend. 

Necessitas, atis, f. (id.) neces- 
sity; duty. 

Neco, are, Avi or ui, atum, tr. 
to kill; to destroy; to slay. 

Nefas, n. ind. (ne & fas,) im- 
piety; wrong; wickedness. 

Neglectus, a, um, part. from 

Negligo, -ligére, -lexi, -lectum, 
tr. (nec & lego,) to neglect ; 
not to care for; to disre- 
gard. 

Nego, are, avi, atum, tr. (pro- 
bably, ne & aio,) to deny; 
to refuse: equal to dico ut 
non, to declare that not. 

Negotium, i, n. (nec & otium,) 
business ; labor ; pains ; dif- 
Jiculty: facili or nullo nego- 
tio, with little or no trouble ; 
easily. 

Nemo, inis, c. (ne & homo,) 
no one; no man. 


270 


Nemus, Oris, n. a forest; a 
grove; (but not consecrated 
as lucus.) 

Nepos, otis, m. a grandson. 

Neptiinus, i, m. the god of the 
sea, son of Saturn and Ops. 

Nequaquam, adv. (ne & qua- 
quam,) by no means. 

Neque, conj. (ne & que,) and 
—not; neither; nor. | 

Nequeo, ire, ivi, itum, intr. irr. 
(ne & queo, § 83, 3,) Z can 
not; I am not able. 416. 

Nequis, -qua, -quod, or -quid, 
pro. (ne & quis,) § 35, est 
any one; that no one or no 
thing. 

Nereis, idis, f.a Nereid; a sea- 

~ nymph. The Nereids were 
the daughters of Nereus and 
Doris. 

Nescio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (ne & 
scio,) to be ignorant of ; not 
to know; can not. 

Nestus, i, m. a river in the 
western part of Thrace. 
Neuter, tra, trum, adj. (ne & 
uter,) nerther of the two; 

neither. 

Nicomédes, is, m. a king of 
Bithynia. 

Nidifico, are, Avi, atum, intr. 
(nidus & facio,) to build a 
nest, 

Nidus, i, m. @ nest. 

Niger, gra, grum, adj. (nigrior, 
nigerrimus,) black. 

Nihil, n, ind. or Nihilum, i, n. 
(ne & hilum,) nothing: ni- 
hil habeo quod, Z have no- 


NEMUS—NOCEO. 


thing on account of which; 
i. e. L have no reason why. 

Nihilominus, adv. (nihilo mi- 
nus, less by nothing ;) nev~ 
ertheless. 

Nilus, i, m. the Nile; the larg- 
est river of Africa. 

Nimius, a, um, adj. (nimis, foo 
much;\ too great; excess- 
zve; immoderate. 

Nimitm, & Nimid, adv. (id.) 
too-much. 

Ninus, i, m. a king of Assyria. 

Nidbe, es, f. the wife of Am- 
phion, king of Thebes. 

Nisi, conj. (ne & si,) unless ; 
except; uf not. 

Nisus, i, m. a king of Megaris, 
and the father of Sylla. 
Nitidus, a, um, adj. comp. (ni- 

teo,) shining ; bright; clear. 

Nitor, doris, m. (niteo,) splen- 
dor; gloss; brilliancy. 

Nitor, niti, nisus & nixus sum, 
dep. to strive. 

Nix, nivis, f. snow. 

No, nare, navi, natum, intr. to 
swim. 

Nobilis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) _ 
(nosco,) known ; noted ; no- 
ble ; celebrated ; famous ; of 
high rank; hence, 

Nobilitas, atis, f. nobility; the 
nobility; the nobles; a no- 
ble spirit ; nobleness. 

Nobilito, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(id.) to ennoble; to make 
famous. 

Noceo, ere, ui, itum, intr. to 
wnjure; to harm. 


‘ 


NOCTU—NUMANTIA. 


Noetu, abl. sing. monoptot, by 
night; in the night time. 


Nocturnus, a, um, adj. (noctu,) | 


nightly; nocturnal. 

Nodus, i, m. a knot; a tumor. 

Nola, x, f. a city of Campa- 
nia. 

Nolo, nolle, nolui, intr. irr. 
(non & volo, § 83, 5,) to be 
unwilling: noli facére, do 
not: noli esse, be not; Id. 


87. £18. 


| 


rae | 

Notans, tis, part. from 

Noto, are, avi, atum, tr. (no- 
ta,) to mark ; to stigmatize ; 
to observe. 


| Notus, a, um, part. (fr. nasco,) 


known. 
Novem, ind. 
nine. 
Novus, a, um, adj. (sup. issi- 
mus, § 26, 5,) new; recent ; 
fresh. 223. 


Nox, noctis, f. n¢tght: de nocte, 


num. adj. pl. 





Nomides, um, m. pl. a@ name 
given to those tribes who 
wander from place to place, 
with their flocks and herds, 
having no fixed residence. 

Nomen, inis, n. a name; fame. 

Non, adv. not. 

Nonagesimus, a, um, adj. ord. 
the ninetieth. 

Nonne, ady. (non & ne, a neg- 
ative interrogative,) not? 
as, nonne fecit? has he not 
done tt ? 

Nonnihil, n. ind. (non nihil, 
not nothing; i. €., sone- 
thing. 

Nonnisi, adv. (non & nisi,) 
only; not; except. 

Nonnullus, a, um, adj. (non & 
nullus,) some. | 

Nonus, a, um, num. adj. the 
ninth: 

Nos. See Ego. 

Nesco, noscére, novi, notum, 
tr. to know; to understand ; 
‘o learn. 

Noster, tra, trum, pro. our; 
121. 236. 

Nota, w, f (nosco,) a mark.. 


by night. 


Noxius, a, um, adj. (noceo,) 
hurtful; injurious. 

Nubes, is, f. a@ cloud. 

Nubo, nubére, nupsi & nupta 
sum, nuptum, intr. to cover 
with aveil; to marry; to be 
married; (used only of the 
wife.) 

Nudatus, a, um, part. laid 
open; stripped; deprived; 
from" 

Nudo, are, dvi, atum,: tr. fo 
make naked; to lay open; 
from 

Nudus, a, um, adj. naked ; bare. 

Nullus, a, um, gen. ius, adj. 
(non ullus,) 20; 20 one. 

Num, interrog. ady. in indi- 
rect questions, whether ? in 
direct questions, commonly 
omitted. See Ne, and Id. 
a6, 3d. 

Numa, x, m. (Pompilius,) the 
second king of Rome, and 
the successor of Leomulus. 

Numantia, ) f. a city of Spain, 
besieged by the Romans jor 
twenty years. 


272 


Numantini, drum, m. pl. Wu- 
mantines ; the people of Nu- 
mantia. 

Numen, inis, n. (nuo,) @ deity ; 
a god. 

Numéro, Are, avi, atum, tr. to 
count; to number; to reck- 
on; from — 

Numérus, i, m. a number. 

Numidiz, arum, m. pl. the Nu- 
midians. 

Numidia, x, f. a country of 
Africa. 

Numitor, dris, m. the father of 
Rhea Sylvia, and grandfa- 
ther of Romulus and Ke- 
mus. 

Nummus, i, m. money. 

Nunc, adv. zow: nunc etiam, 
even now; still. 

Nuncitipo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(nomen & capio,) to name ; 
to call. 

Nunquam, (ne & unquam,) 
adv. never. 

Nuntiatus, a, um, part. from 

Nuntio, or -cio, are, avi, atum, 
tr. (nuntius,) to announce ; 
to tell. 

Nuptiew, drum, f. pl. (nubo,) 
nuptoals ; marriage ; a wed- 
ding. 

Nusquam, ady. (ne & usquam,) 
no where; inno place. 
Nutriendus, a, um, part. to be 

nourished. 

Nutrio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. fo 
nourish. 

Nutritus, a, um, part. 

Nutrix, icis, f: (nutrio,) a 
nurse. 


NUMANTINI—OBLIGO. 


Nympha, , f. a nymph; a god- 
dess presiding over foun- 
tains, groves, or rivers, &c. 


O. 


QO! int. OF ah? 

Ob, prep. for; on account of; 
before. 

Obdormisco, -dormiscére, -dor- 
mivi, intr. inc. (ob & dor- 
misco,) to fall asleep; to 

- _ sleep. 

Obdiico, -ducére, -duxi, -duc- 
tum, tr. (ob & duco,) to 
draw over; to cover over. 

Obductus, a, um, part. spread 
over; covered over. 

Obedio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. (ob 
& audio,) to give ear to; to 
obey; to comply with ; to be 
subject to. 

Obeo, ire, ivi & ii, itum, tr. & 
intr. (ob & e0,) to go to; to 

discharge ; to execute ; to die; 
(i. e. mortem or supremum, 
diem obire.) 

Oberro} are, dvi, itum, (ob & 
erro,) to wander; to wan- 
der about. 

Obitus, tis, m. (obeo,) death. 

Objaceo, ére, ui, itum, intr. (ob 
& jaceo,) to he against or 
before; to be opposite. 

Objectus, a, um, part. thrown 
to or in the way; exposed. 

Objicio, -jicére, -jéci, -jectum, 
tr. (ob & jacio,) to throw 
before ; to throw to; to give; 
to object; to expose. 

Obligo, dre, avi, atum, tr. (ob 


OBLIQUE—OCCIDO. 


& ligo,) to bind to; to 
oblige; to obligate. 

Oblique, adv. indirectly; ob- 
liquely, from 

Obliquus, a, um, adj. (ob & 
liquis,) oblique; «indirect ; 
sidewise. 

Oblitus, a, um, part. forgetting ; 
having forgotten; from 


Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus 
sum, tr. dep. (ob & lino,) 
to forget. 


Obnoxius, a, um, adj. (ob & 
noxius,) obnoxious; subject; 
exposed to; lable. 

Obruo, -ruére, -rui, -riitum, tr. 
(ob & ruo,) to rush down 
headlong against; to over- 
whelm; to cover; to bury. 

Obriitus, a, um, part. buried; 
covered ; overwhelmed. 

Obsciiro, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(obsctirus,) to obscure; to 
darken. 

Obsécro, are, avi, tum, tr. (ob 
& sacro,) to beseech; to con- 
jure. 

Obséquer, séqui, seciitus sum, 
intr. dep. (ob & sequor,) to 
Jollow ; to serve; to obey; to 
humor. 

Observo, are, fivi, atum, tr. (ob 
& servo,) to keep before the 
mind; to observe ; to watch. 

Obses, idis, ¢. (obsideo,) a 
hostage. 

Obsessus, a, um, part. besieged ; 
from 

Obsideo, -sidére, -sédi, -sessum, 
tr. (ob & sedeo,) to sit be- 





273 


fore or opposite; hence, te 
besiege; to invest; to blocks 
ade; hence, 

Obsidio, dnis, f a siege. 

Obsidionalis, e, adj. belonging 
to a siege; obsidional: co~ 
rona, a@ crown given to him 
who had raised a siege. 

Obstetrix, icis, f. a midwife. 

Obtestatus, a, um, part. from 

Obtestor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
(ob & testor,) to call sol- 
emnt 'y to witness; to con) ure; 
to beseech; to entreat. 

Obtineo, -tinére, -tinui, -ten- 
tum, tr. (ob & teneo,) to 
hold; to retain; to obtain: 
obtinet sententia, the opin- 
ton prevails. 

Obtilit. See Offéro. 

Obviim, adv. (ob & viam,) i 
the way ; meeting ; to meet: 
fio or eo obviam, J meet ; I 
go to meet. 

Occasio, onis, f. (ob & cado,) 
an occasion ; a good oppor- 
tunity. 

Occiisus, tis, m. (id.) the de- 
scent: the setting cf the 
heavenly bodies; evening ; 
the west. 

Occidens, tis, m. (id.) the setting 
sun; evening; the west. 
Occidentalis, e, adj. (id.) west- 

ern; occidental. 

Occido, occidére, occidi, occi- 
sum, tr. (ob & cedo,) to 
beat; to kill; to slay; to put 
to death. 

Occido, occidére, occidi, occi- 


274 OCCISURUS—OLYMPICUS. 


sum, intr. (ob & cado,) to, Odi, odisse, def. pret. § 84, 1, 


fall; to fall down; to set. Obs. 2, to hate ; to detest, 
Occisiirus, a, um, part. (occi-| Odium, i, n. hatred. [4.36. 

do.) Odor, Oris, m. a smell: pl. od6- 
Occisus, a, um, part. (occido.) res, odors; perfumes. 


Occoecaius, a, um, part. from | Odoror, ari, Atus sum, tr. dep. 
Occceco, aire, avi, atum, tr. (ob (odor,) to smell. 
& coeco,) to blind; to daz-| Géneus, ei & eos, m. a king 


ale. of Calydon, and father of 
Occulto, are, dvi, datum, tr. Meleager and Dejanira. 
freq. (occiilo,) to conceal; | GSnomaus, i. m. the name of a 
to hide. , celebrated gladiator. 
Occultor, ari, Atus sum, pass.| Geta, x, m. a mountain in 
to be concealed; to hide Thessaly, on the borders of 
one’s self. Doris. 


Occiipo, are, avi, Atum, tr. (ob | Offéro, offerre, obtiili, obla- 
& capio,) to occupy; to tum, tr. irr. (ob & fero,) a 


seize upon; to take posses- bring before; to offer; 
sion of before another. present. 

Occurro, -currcre, -curri & -cu- | Officina, 2, (opificina, from 
eurri, -cursum, intr. (ob & opifex,) @ work-shop; an 
curro, ) to meet; to go to office. 
meet; to run to meet; to en- | Officio, -ficére, -féci, -fectum, 
counter. tr. (ob & facio,) to act in 

Oceanus, i, m. the ocean; the opposition; to stand in the 
sea. way of; to injure; to hurt, 


Octavianus, i, m. (Cesar,) the | Officium, i, n. (i. e. opificium, 
nephew and adopted son of fr. ops & facio,) a kind- 
Julius Cesar, called, after ness; duty; an obligation; 
the battle of Actium, Au- politeness; civility; atten- 
gustus. * tOms 

Getavus, a, um, num. adj. | Olea, a, f. an olive-tree. 
(octo,) eaghth. Oleum, i, n. o7l. 

Octingenti, #, a, num. adj. | Olim, adv. formerly; sometime. 
pl. (octo & centum,) edght| Olor, Gris, m. a swan. 


hundred. Olus, Gris, n. herbs ; pot-herbs. 
Octo, ind. num. adj. pl. etght. | Olympia, ze, f. a town and dis- 
Octoginta, ind. num adj. pl. trict of the Peloponnéesus, 
(octo,) eighty. _ upon the Alpheus. 


Ocilus, i, m. an eye. Olympicus, a, um, adj, Olym- 


~ 


OLYMPIUS—ORANS. 275 


pic; pertaining to Olym- with a harbor near, or op- 

pia. posite, hence,) seasonable ; 
Olympius, a, um, adj. ‘ Olym- commodious ; convenient ; 

pian; pertaining to Olym- Savorable. 

pus or to Olympia. Oppositus, a, um, part. eppo- 
Olympus, i, m. a@ high moun- site; opposed. 

tain between Thessaly and|Opprimo, -primére, -pressi, 

Macedon. -pressum, tr. (ob & pre- 
Omen, inis, n. an omen; a mo,) to press down, or 

sign. against; to oppress; to 
Omnis, e, adj. all; every; ev- | overpower; to subdue. 


ery one: omnes, all: om-| Oppugnatus, a, um, part. from 
nia, all things: sine omni| Oppugno, are, avi, datum, tr. 
discordia, without any dis- (ob & pugno,) to fight 


cord. against; to assault; to be- 
Onus, éris, n. a burden; a siege; to attempt to take by 
load. force; to storm. 
Onustus, a, um, adj. comp.) (Ops, nom., not in use, § 18, 
(onus,) laden; full of. | 12,) opis, gen. f. aid; help ; 
Opéra, «, f. (opus,) labor; means ; assistance: opes, pl. 
pains: dare opéram, to do wealth; riches; resources; 
one’s endeavor; to devote| power. 182 
one’s self to. | Optime, ady. (sup. of bene,) 
Opéror, ari, atus sum, intr.| — very well; excellently; best. 
dep. (opéra,) to labor; to| Optimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
work. bonus,) (opto,) most desir-. 
Opimus, a, um, adj. (ops, is,)| able; best; most worthy. 


(ior, sup. wanting ; 224) | Optio, Onis, f a choice; an  Op- 
fat; rich; fruitful ; dainty. tion; from 
Oportet, Gre, uit, imp. zt be-| Opto, are, avi, datum, tr. to de- 
hoves; it is meet, fit, or sire. 
proper; it is a duty; we|Opulens, & opulentus, a, um, 
ought. adj. (ior, issimus,) rich; 
Oppidum, i, n. @ walled town; opulent; wealthy; fr. ops. 
a town. Opus, Eris, n. a work; a labor. 
Oppono, -ponére, see -posi- | Opus, subs. & adj. ind. need. 
tum, tr. (ob & pono,) to} Ora, x, f. a coast; a shore. 
place opposite; to oppose; | Ora, pl. See Os. 
to set against. Oracilum, i, n. (oro,) an ora- 
Opportinus, a, um, adj. (ior, cle; a response. 
issimus,) (ob & portus,! Orans, tis, part. (oro.) 


276 


Oratio, dnis, f. (oro,) a 
course; an oration. 

Orator, dris, m. (oro,) an ora- 
tor; an ambassador. 

Orbatus, a, um, part. (orbo,) 
bereaved or deprived of. 

Orbélus, i, m. a mountain of 
Thrace or Macedonia. 

Orbis, is, m. an orb; a circle: 
in orbem jacére, to le 
round in a circle: orbis, or 
orbis terrarum, the world. 

Orbo, are, avi, atum, tr. (or- 
bus,) to deprive; to be- 
reave of. 

Orcus, i, m. Pluto, the god of 
the lower world; the infer- 
nal regions. 

Ordino, are, Avi, atum, tr. to 
set in order; to arrange; 
to ordain. 

Ordo, inis, m. order; arrange- 
ment; a row: ordines re- 
morum, banks of oars. 

Oriens, tis, m. (orior,) sc. sol, 
the place of sun-rising ; the 
east; the morning. 

Oriens, part. (orior.) 

Orientalis, e, adj. (id.) eastern. 

Origo, inis, f. source; origin: 
originem ducére, to derive 
one’s origin; from 

Orior, oriri, ortus sum, intr. 
dep. 220, Note, 8; to artse; | 
to begin; to appear. 409. 

Ornamentum, i, n. (orno,) an 
ornament. 

Ornatus, tis, m. an ornament; fr. 











Orno, fre, Avi, Aatum, tr. to 


ORATIO—PABULUM. 


Oro, dre, avi, atum, tr. (os,) to 
beg; to entreat. 

Orddes, is, m. a king of Par- 
thia, who took and destroyed 
Crassus. 

Orpheus, ei & eos, m. a cele- 
brated poet and musician 
of Thrace ; § 15,138, 136. 

Ortus, a, um, part. (orior,) 
having arisen ; risen ; born ; 
begun. 

Ortus, Gs, m. (id:) a rising; 
east. 

Os, oris, n. the mouth ; the face. 

Os, ossis, n. @ bone. 

Ossa, 2, m. a high mountain 
in Thessaly. 

Ostendo, -tendére, -tendi, -ten- 
sum, & -tentum, tr. (ob & 
tendo,) to stretch or hold 
before; to show; to point 
out; to exhibit. 

Ostia, x, f. a town, built by An- 
cus Marcius, at the mouth 
of ‘the Tiber; from 

Ostium, i, n. a@ mouth of a 
river. ° 

Ostrea, 2, f. ostrea, drum, ‘pl. 
n. an oyster. 

Otium, i, n. letsure; quiet; 
ease; tdleness. 

Otos, i, m. a son of Neptune, 
or of Aloeus. 

Ovis, is, f. a sheep. 


Ovum, 1, n. an egg. 


Py 


| P.an abbreviation of Publius. 


adorn ; to deck; to furnish; | Pabtilum, i, n. (pasco,) food 


to equip. 


Jor cattle ; fodder. 


PACISCOR—PAROPAMISUS. 


~~ 
77 


Paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum,| Par, paris, adj. eqguat; even: 


tr. & intr. (pango, to fix or 
settle; hence,) to make a 
compact; to form a treaty ; 
to bargain; to agree. 

Pactolus, i, m. a river of Ly- 
dia, famous for its golden 
sands. 

Pactum, i, n. (paciscor,) an 





suitable. 

Paratus, a, um, part. and adj. 
(or, issimus,) (paro,) pre- 
pared; ready. 

Parce, arum, f. pl. the Fates. 

Parco, parcére, peperci or par- 
sl, parsum or parciium, 
intr. to spare. 


agreement ; a contract: quo | Pardus, i, m. a male panther. 
pacto, 7 what manner ; | Parens, tis, c. (pario,) a parent; 


how. 
Pactus, a, um, part. (paciscor.) 


father; mother; creator; 
author ; inventor. 


Padus, i, m. the largest river of | Pareo, Gre, ui, intr. to come 


Italy, now the Po. 
Pene, (see Pene,) adv. almost. 
Palea, x, f. chaff. 
Palma, x, f. the palm of the 
hand; a palm-tree. 
Palpébra, «, f. (palpo,) the eye- 
lid: pl. the eye-lashes. 
Palus, tidis, f. a@ marsh; a 
swamp; a lake; hence, 


near ; to be at hand; hence, 
to obey; to be subject to. 


Paries, étis, m. a wall (of a 


house.) 

Pario, parére, pepéri, partum, 
tr. to bear; to bring forth; 
to- cause; to produce ; to 
obtain; to gain: ovum, to 


lay an egg. 


Paluster, palustris, palustre,| Paris, idis, or idos, m.j 736. 


adj. marshy. 

Pan, Panis, m. (Acc. , Pana,) 
the god of shepherds. 

Pando, pandére, pandi, pan- 
sum & passum, tr. to open ; 
to expand ; to spread out. 

Panionium, i, n. a sacred place 
near mount Mycdle in Lo- 
nia. « 

Panis, is, m. bread. 

Panthéra, x, f. a panther. 


a son of Priam, king of 
Troy, and brother of Hector. 
Pariter, adv. (par,) in like 
manner ; equally ; at the 
same time. 
Parnassus, i,m. @ mountain of 
' Phocis, whose two summits 
were sacred to Apollo and 
Bacchus, and upon which 
the Muses were fabled to 
reside. 


Papirius, i, m. the name of sev-| Paro, are, avi, datum, tr. fo 


eral Romans. 


Papyrus, d. and Papyrum, i, n. 


an Egyptian plant or reed, 


of which paper was made ; 
the papyrus. 
24 


prepare; to provide; to pro- 
cure; to obtain; to equip: 
parare insidias, to lay plots 
against. 

Paropamisus, i, m. a ridge of 


278 


mountains in the north of 
India. 

Pars, tis, fi a part; a share; a 
portion ; aregion; a party: 
in utraque parte, on each 
side: magna ex parte, in a 
great measure ; for the most 
part. 

Parsimonia, 2, f. (parco,) fru- 
gality. 

Parthus, i, m. an inhabitant of | 
Parthia; a Parthian. 

Particila, «, f. dim. (pars,) @ 
particle; a small part. 

Partiendus, a, um, part. (par- 
tior.) 

Partim, adv. (pars,) partly; in 
part. 

Partior, iri, itus sum, tr. dep. 
(pars,) to divide; to share. 

Partus, a, um, part. (pario.) 

Parius, us, m. (id.) a birth; off- 
spring. 

Parum, adv. (minis, minime, 
234,) little; too little. 

Parvilus, a,, um, dim. 
small; very small; from 

Parvus, a, um, adj. (minor, 
minimus, 115,) small or 
little; less; theleast. 219. 

ip pascére, pavi, pastum, 

. & intr. to give food to; 
i feed ; to graze. 

Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, tr. & 
intr. dep. to feed; to graze; 
to feed upon. 

Passer, éris, mM. a sparrow. 

Passim, adv. (passus, fr. pan- 
do,) here and there; every | 
where; in every direction. 

Passitirus, a, um, part. (patior.) 














PARS—PATRIMONIUM. 


Passus, a, um, part. (patior,) 
having suffered. 

Passus, a, um, part. (pando,) 
stretched out; hung up, 
dried: uva passa, a raisin. 

Passus, tis, m. (id.) @ pace; a 
measure of 5 feet: mille 
passuum, @ nule, or 5000 
weet OOO. 

Pastor, Oris, 
shepherd. 

Patefacio, facére, feci, factum, 
tr. (pateo & facio,) to open; 
to disclose; to Boor to 
detect. 

Patefio, fiéri, factus sum, pass. 
irr. § 221, Obs. 3, £29, to 
be laid open or discovered. 

Patefactus, a, um, part. opened; 
discovered. 

Patens, tis, part. & adj. lying 
open; open; clear; from 

Pateo, ére, ui, intr. to be open; 
to stand open; to extend. 

Pater, tris, m. a father: pa- 
tres, fathers; senators: pa- 
terfamilias, patrisfamilias, 
§ 18, 9, the master of a 
family; a housekeeper ; 
hence, (176.) 

Paternus, a, um, adj. paternal. 

Patientia, 2, f. patience ; hard- 
mess; trom 8 

Patior, pati, passus sum, tr. 
dep. to suffer; to endure; 
to let; to allow. 

Patria, 2, f. (patrius, fr. pater,) 
one’s native country; one’s 
birth-place. 

Patrimonium, i, n. (pater,) pa- 
trimony ; inheritance. 


m. (pasco,) ‘a 


PATROCINIUM—PENINSULA. 279 


Patrocinium, i, n. patronage; who goes on foot; a foot- 
from soldier. 

Patrdnus, i, m. (pater,) a pa-| Pelagus, i, n. the sea. 
tron; protector. Peleus, i,m. a king of Thes- 

Patruélis, is, c. (pat uus,) @ saly, the son of Hacus, and 
cousin (by the father _ side.) father of Achilles. 

Pauci, x, a, adj. pl. (paucus} Pelias, 2, m. a hing of Thes- 
sing. seldom used,) few; a saly and son of Neptune. 
Ow. Peligni, drum, m. pl. a people 

Paulatim, adv. (paulus,) gra- of Italy, whose country lay 
dually ; little by little. between the Aternus and the 


Paulo, or Paullod, adv. (id.) a Sagrus. 
little. Pelion, i, n. a lofty mountain in 
Paulilim, adv. a little. Thessaly. 


| 
Paullus, or Paulus, i. m. a} Pellicio, -licére, -lexi, -lectum, 
cogndmen or surname in tr. (per & lacio,) to allure ; 
the Aimilian tribe. to entice; to tnvite. 
Pauper, Eris, adj. (ior, rimus,) | Pellis, is, f. the shin. 
poor; hence, Pello, pellére, pepuli, pulsum, 
Pauperies, Gi, f. poverty ; and tr. to drive away ; to banish; 
Paupertas, atis, f poverty; t- to expel; to dispossess ; to 
digences . beat. 
Paveo, pavére, pavi, intr. to} Peloponnésus, i, f. a peninsula 
fear; to be afraid. of Greece, now called the 
Pavo, Onis, ¢. a peacock. Morea. 
Pas, pacis, f. peace. Pelusium,i, n. a@ town of Egypt. 
Pecco, are, avi, atum, intr. to} Pendens, tis, part. hanging; 
do wrong; to commit a impending. 
fault; to sin. Pendeo, pendére, pependi, pen- 
Pecto, pectére, pexi & pexui, sum, intr. to hang. 
pexum, tr. to comb; to| Pene, adv. almost; nearly. 
dress. Penetrale, is, n. the inner part 
Pectus, dris, n. the breast. of a house, fr. penetralis, fr. 
Pecunia, 2, f. (pecus, the first | Penétro, ire, avi, tum, (peni- 
coin in Rome being stamped tus,) tr.to go within ; to pen- 
witha sheep;) money; a sum etrate; to enter. 
of money. Penéus, i, m. the principal riv- 
Pecus, tidis, f a sheep; a beast. er of Thessaly, flowing be- 
Pecus, Gris, n. cattle (of a large tween Ossa and Olympus. 
size;) a herd; a flock. Peninsila, x, f (pene & insu- 
Pedes, itis, c. (pes & e€0,) one la,) a peninsula. 


280 


PENNA—PERICULUM. 


Penna, x, f.a feather ; a quill; | Perductus, a, um, part. brought; 


a wing. 


led; conducted. 


Pensilis, e, adj. (pendeo,) hang- Perégrinatio, Onis, f. foreign 


in Tis pendent. 


Penuria, x, f. want; scarcity. 


Peperci. See Parco. 
Pepitli. See Pello. 
Pepéri. See Pario. 


Per, prep. by; through; for; 
during; along. 

Pera, x, f. a wallet; a bag. 

Peragro, fre, avi, atum, intr. 
(per & ager,) to. travel 
through; to. go through or 
over, (sc. the field or coun- 
try.) 

Percontor & -cunctor, ari, atus 
sum, tr. dep. (per & con- 
tor,) to ask; to inquire. 

Percunctatus, a, um, part. (per- 


cunctor.) 
Percussor, Oris, m. one who 
wounds; a murderer; an 


assassin; from 

Percutio, -cutére, -cussi, -cus- 
sum, tr. (per & quatio,) to 
strike; to wound: seciri, 
to behead. 

Perdite, adv. very; vehement- 
ly; exceedingly ; desperate- 
ly; from 

Perditus, a, um, part. & adj. 
(perdo,) rutned; lost; un- 
done; hes 

Perdix, icis, f. a partridge. 

Perdo, -dére, Mae -ditum, tr. 
(per & do,) fo ruin; to 
lose; to destroy. 

Perdiico, -ducére, -duxi, -duc- 
‘um, tr. (per & duco,) to 
lead to, or through to. 








travel; a residence in @ 
Sore. gn country; from 


Peregrimus, a, um, adj. (pere- 


gré, and that from per & 
ager,) foreign. 


Perennis, e, adj. (per & an- 


nus,) lasting through the 
year; continual; lasting; 
unceasing ; everlasting ; ; pe- 
rennial. 

Pereo, -ire, -ii, -itum, intr. irr. 
(per & e0,) to perish; to be 
slain; to be lost. 

Perfidia, «, f perfidy; from 

Perfidus, a, um, adj. (per & 
fides,) breaking faith ; per- 

- fidious. 


Pergimum, i, n., & -us, i, f., 


-a, Orum, pl. n. the citadel 
of Troy; also, a city of 
Mysia, situated upon the 
river Oatcus, where parch- 
ment was first made, hence 
called Pergaména. 

Pergo, pergére, perrexi, per- 
rectum, intr. (per & rego,) 
to go straight on; to ad- 
vance; to continue. 

Pericles, ism. an eminent orator 
and statesman of Athens. 

Periculosus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
Sull of danger ; dangerous ; 
perilous ; hazardous ; trom 

Pericilum, & Periclum, i, n. 
(perior, obsol. whence ex- 
perior, to try; hence,) an 
experiment; a trial; dan- 


ger; peril. 


PERITURUS—PERTINEO. 


Peritirus, a, um, part. (pereo.) 

Peritus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (perior,) expervenced; 
skillful. 

Permeo, are, avi atum, intr. 
(per & meo,) to go through ; 


281 


Perpetuus, a, um, adj. (per- 
pes,) perpetual; constant. 

Perrexi. See Pergo. 

| Persa, «2, m. a Persian; an 
inhabitant of Persia. 

Perseciitus, a, um, part. from 


to flow through; to pene-| Perséquor, -séqui, - sectitus 


trate; to permeate. 
Permisceo, -miscére, -miscui, 
-mistum & -mixtum, tr. (per 
& misceo,) to mix thor- 
oughly ; to mingle. 
Permistus, a, um, part. mixed ; 
mingled; confused. 
Permitto, -mittére, -misi, -mis- 
sum, tr. (per & mitto,) to 
grant ; to allow ; to permit; 


to commit; to intrust; to 


‘give leave to; to grant. 

Permutatio, onis, f. exchange ; 
change; from 

Permiito, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(per & muto,) to change; 
to exchange. 

Pernicies, éi, f. (pernéco,) de- 
struction; extermination ; 
hence, 

Pernicidsus, a, um, adj. (ior, 
issimus, ) pernicious ; hurt- 
Sul. 

Perpendo, -pendére, -pendi, 
-pensum, tr. (per & pen- 
do,) to weigh; to ponder ; 
to consider. 

Perpéram, adv. wrong ; amiss; 
rashly ; unjustly ; absurdly ; 
falsely. 

Perpetior, -péti, -pessus sum, 
tr. dep. (per & patior,) to 
endure ; to bear; to suffer. 


sum, tr. dep. (per & se- 
quor,) to follow closely; to 
pursue; to follow; to con- 
tinue; to persevere in; to 
persecute. 

Perseus, ei & eos, m. the son 
of Jupiter and Danae ; al- 
so, the last king of Mace- 
don. 

Persicus, a, um, adj. of Persia; 
Persian. 

Perspicio, -spicére, -spexi, 
-spectum, tr. (per & spe- 
cio,) to see through; to dis- 
cern; to become acquainted 
with; to discover. 

Persuadeo, -suadére, -suasi, 
-suasum, tr. (per & sua- 
deo,) to persuade. 

Perterreo, -terrére, -terrui, -ter- 
ritum, tr. (per & terreo,) to 
Srighten greatly. 

Perterritus, a, um, part. af- 
Srighted; discouraged. 

Pertinaciter, ady. (ius, issime, ) 
obstinately; constantly; per- 
severingly ; from 

Pertinax, acis, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (per & tenax,) obsti- 
nate; willful. 

Pertineo, -tinére, -tinui, intr. 
(per & teneo,) to extend; 
to reach to. 


282 PERVENIO—PHOC&I. 


Pervenio, -venire, -véni, -ven- ; Pharos, i, f. a small island at 


tum, intr. (per & venio,) to | the western mouth of the 

come to; to arrive at; to Nile, on which was a tower 

reach. or iight-house, esteemed one 
Pervenitur, pass. imp. one of the seven wonders of the 

comes ; they come ; we come, world. 

&c. Id. 67, Note. Pharsalus, i, m. apity cf Thes- 


Pervius, a, um,adj. (per & via,)| sally. 
pervious; which may be, Pharnaces, is, m. a son of 
passed through; passable. Mithridates, king of Pon- 





Pes, pedis, m. a foot. tus. 

Pessum, adv. down; under | Phasis, idis & is, f.a town and 
foot; to the bottom: ire river of Colchis, on the east 
pessum, to sink. side of the Huxine. 

Pestilentia, 2, f. (pestilens, fr.| Phidias, #, m. a celebrated 
pestis,) @ pestilence; a Athenian statuary: 
plaque. Philzni, drum, m. pl. two Car- 

Petens, tis, part. (peto.) thaginian brothers, who suf- 

Petitio, Onis, f. a petition; a fered themselves to be buried 
canvassing or soliciting for alive, for the purpose of 
an office; from | establishing the controvert- 

Peto, ére, ivi, itum, tr. fo ask; ed boundary of their coun- 
to request; to attack; to as- try. 
sail; to go to; to seek; to| Philippi, drum, m. se a city 
go for; to bring. of Macedon, on the confines 

Petra, a, f. the metropolis of of Thrace. 

Arabia Petrea. Philippicus, a, um, adj. belong- 


Petrea, 2, f. (Arabia,) Arabia ing to Philippi. 
Petrea, the northern part of | Philippides, z, m. a comic poet. 
Arabia, south of Palestine. | Philippus, i, m. Philp; the 
Petulantia, 2, f. (petulans, for- father of Alexander; also, 
ward, fr. peto,) petulance ; the son of Demetrius. 
ensolence ; mischievousness; | Philoméla, x, f. a nightingale. 
wantonness. Philosophia, x, f. philosophy. 
Pheax, acis, m. a Pheacian,| Philosophus, i, m. a philoso- 
or inhabitant of Pheacia, pher; a lover of learning 
now Corfu. The Pheacians and wisdom. 
were famous for luaury. | Phineus, i, m. a king of Arca- 
Phalére, arum, ft. pl. the trap- dia, and priest of Apello. 
pings of a horse; habil- | Phocei, drum, m. pl. the Pho. 
ments. ceans ; inhabitants of Phos 





PHOCIS—PLECTO. 


cea, a maritime city of Lo- 
nia. 

Phocis, idis, f. a country of 
Greece. 

Pheenice, es, f. Phenicia, a 
muritime country of Syria, 
north of Palestine. 

Pheenix, icis, m. a@ Phenician. 

Phryx, ygis, m. a Phryg gian ; 
an inhabitant of Phrygia. 

Picentes, ium, m. pl. the nhab- 
tants of Picenum. 

Picénum, i, n. a country of 
Ltaly. 

Pictus, a, um, part. (pingo,) 
painted ; embroidered: picta 
tabila, @ preture ; a paint- 
ing. 

Piétas, atis, f. (pius,) prety; 
Jitial duty. 

Pignus, Oris, n. a pledge; a 
pawn; security ; assurance. 

Pila, x, f. a ball. 

P leus, i, m. a hat; a cap. 

Pilus, i, m. the hair. 

Pindarus, i, m. Pindar, a The- 
ban, the most eminent of the 
Greek lyrve poets. 

Pingo, pingére, pinxi, pictum, 
tr. to represent by lines and 
colors; to paint; to depict ; 
to delineate; to draw: acu, 

to embroider. 

Pinguis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
Sat; fertile; rich. 

Pinna, «, f. a wing; a fin. 

Pireeus, €i, m. the principal 
port and arsenal of Athens. 

Pirata, we, m. a pirate. 

Piscator, dris, m. (piscor, from 
piscis,) @ fisherman. 








283 


* 
Piscis, is, m. a fish. 
Pisistratus, i, m. an Athenian 
tyrant, distinguished for his 
eloquence. 
Pistrinum, 1, 
bruise;) a mill. 
Pius, i, m. an agnomen, or sur- 


name of Metellus. 


(pinso, to 


Pius, a, um, adj. dutiful, or 


affectionate to parents ; pi- 
ous. 

Placeo, Gre, ui, itum, intr. to 
please: sibi, to be vain or 
proud of; to plume one’s 
self. 

Placet, placuit, or placitum 
est, imp. vt pleases; wt ws 
determined; it seems good 
to. 

Placidus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
simus,) (placeo,) placid ; 
quiet; still; tranquil; mild; 
gentle. 

Plaga, ze, f. a blow; a wound: 
plage, pl. nets; torts. 

Plane, adv. (planus,) entirely ; 
totally; plainly; clearly. 

Planta, we, fa plant. 

Platanus, i, f. the plane-tree. 

Platea, x, f. a species of bird, 
the spoonbill, the heron. 

Plato, dnis,m. an Athenian, one 
of the most celebrated of the 
Grecian philosophers. 

Plaustrum,i,n. a cart; a wagon. 

Plebs, and Plebes, is, f. the 
people ; the common people ; 
the plebevans. 

Plecto, plectére, tr. to strikes 
to punish. 

Plecto, plectére, plexui and 


284 


plexi, plexum, tr. to plait ; 
to twist; to weave. 

Plerusque, pleraque, plerum- 
que, adj. (mostly used in 
the pl.) most; the most; 
many. 

Pleriimque, adv. commonly; 
generally; for the most 
part; sometimes. 

Plinius, i, m. Pliny; the name 
of two distinguished KRo- 
man authors. 

Plotinius, i,m. See Catiénus. 

Plumbeus, a, um, adj. of lead; 
leaden; from 

Plumbun, i, n. lead. 

Pluo, pluére, plui ov pluvi, intr. 
to rain: pluit, it rains. 
Plurimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of 
multus,) very much; most ; 

very many. 

Plus, uris, adj. (n. in sing., com- 
parative of multus,) § 21, 


PLERUSQUE-——POPULOR. 


Poéta, «, m. a poet. 

Pol, adv. by Pollux; truly. 

Pollex, icis, m. (polleo,) the 
thumb; the great toe. 

Polliceor, éri, itus sum, tr. 
dep. (liceor,) to promise ; 
hence, 

Pollicitus, a, um, part. 

Pollux, ticis, m. a son of Leda, 
and twin brother of Castor. 

Polyxéna, we, f. a daughter of 
Priam and Hecuba. 

Pomifer, éra, érum, adj. (po- 
mum & fero,) Jdearing 
Jruit: pomifére arbores, 
Sruit-trees. 

Pompa, x, f. a@ procession ; 
pomp ; parade. 

Pompeianus, a, um, adj. be- 
longing to Pompey. 

Pompeius, i, m. Pompey; the 
name of a Roman gens, or 
clan. 


4, 197,) more: pl. many. | Pompilius, i,m. See Numa. 
Plis, adv. (comparative of} Pomum, i, n. an apple; any 


multtim,) more; longer. 
Pluto, 6nis, m. a son of Sa- 


Sruit fit for eating, growing 


Upon a tree. 


turn, and king of the in-| Pondus, €ris, n. (pendo,) a@ 


fernal regions. 
Poctlum, i, n. a cup. 
Poéma, atis, n. a poem. 


weight. 


‘| Pono, ponére, posui, positum, 


tr. to place; to put; to set. 


Peena, x, f. satisfaction given | Pons, tis, m. a bridge. 
or taken for a crime; pun-| Pontius, i, m. (Thelesinus,) @ 


ashment; a punishment. 


general of the Samnites. 


Peenitet, Gre, uit, imp. (poeni-! Pontus, i, m. a sea; the deep 


teo, and that from poena,) 
wt repents: poenitet me, [ 


repent. 
Peenus, a, um, adj. belonging to 
Carthage; Carthaginian: | Poposci. 


subs. a Carthaginian. 


sea: by Synecdoche, the 
Euxine or black sea; also, 
the kingdom of Pontus, on 
the south side of the Huxine. 
See Posco. 

Popiilor, ari, atus suim, tr. dep. 


POPULUS—POTIOR. 


(popiilo for depopiilo, from 
poptlus,) to lay waste ; to 
depopulate ; from 

Popilus, i, m. the people; a 
nation; atribe: pl.nations; 
tribes. 

Porrectus, a, um, part. from 

Porrigo, igére, exi, ectum, tr. 
(porro, or pro & rego,) to 
reach or spread out; to ex- 
tend; to offer. 

Porséna, we, m.a king of Htru- 
Te. 

Porta, x, f. (porto,) a gate. 

Portans, tis, part. (porto.) 

Portendo, -tendére, -tendi, -ten- 
tum, tr. (porro, or pro & 
tendo,) to show what will 
be hereafter ; to presage ; to 
Jforbode; to portend; to be- 
token. 

Porticus, ts, f. (porta,) a por- 
tico; a gallery; a porch. 

Porto, dre, avi, atum, tr. to 
carry; to bear; hence, 

Portus, ts, m. a@ port; a har- 
bor. 

Posco, poscére, poposci, tr. to 
demand ; to request earnest- 
ly; to ask as wages. 

Positus, a, um, part. (pono,) 
situated. 

Possessio, Onis, f. possession ; & 

Possessor, Oris, m. a possessor ; 
an occupant; from 

Possideo, -sidére, -sédi,-sessum, 
tr. (potis & sedeo,) to pos- 
SESS. 

Possum, posse, potui, intr. irr. 
(potis & sum, § 221, 2,) to 
be able; L can. 412, 


285 


Post, prep. after :—adv. after ; 
after that; afterwards. 
Postea, adv. (post & ea, after 

these things ;) afterwards. 
Postérus, (m. not used,) ra, 
érum, adj. § 26, 2. (erior, 
remus,) (post,) secceeding ; 
subsequent ; next: m post- 
érum, (supply tempus,) for 
the future: postéri, drum, 

_ posterity. 222, 

' Postis, is, m. (positus, fr. pono,) 
a thing set up; a@ post. 
Postquam, adv. (post & quam,) 
after; after that; since. 
Postrémd, & -tm, adv. at last; 

Jinally ; from 

Postrémus, a, um, adj. (sup. 
of postérus,) the last: ad 
postremum, at last. 

Postilo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(posco,) to ask; to ask for ; 
to demand, (as a right.) 

Postumius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman gens or clan. 

Posui. See Pono. 

Potens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
being able ; powerful; (pos- 
sum.) 

Potentia, «x, f. (potens,) power; 
authority; government. 
Potestas, atis, f. (potis,) pow- 
er; (evvil power, as distin- 
guished from imperium, 

military command.) 

Potio, dnis, f. (poto,) a drink; 
a draught. 

Potior, iri, itus sum, intr. dep. 
(potis,) to get; to possess; 
to obtain; to enjoy ; to gain 
possession of. 





286 


Potissimim, adv. (sup. of po- 
titis,) principally; chiefly ; 
especially. 

Potitus, a, um, part. (potior,) 
having obtained. 

Potitis, adv. comp. (sup. potis- 
simum,) rather. 

Poto, potare, potavi, potatum, 
or potum, tr. to drink; to 
drink hard; (see bibo.) 

Potuisse. See Possum. 

Potus, fis, m. (poto,) drink. 

Pre, prep. before ; for ; in com- 
parison of, or with. 

Prealtus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(pre & altus,) very high; 
very deep, (comparatively.) 

Prebeo, ére, ui, itum, tr. (pre 
& habeo,) to offer; to sup- 
ply; to give; to afford: spe- 

-ciem, to exhibit the appear- 
ance of: usum, to serve for. 

_ Praecédens, tis, part. from 

Precédo, -cedére, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, intr. (pre & cedo,) to 
go before; to precede. 

Preeceptor, 6ris, m. (preecipio, ) 
@ preceptor, master, or 
teacher. 

Preceptum, i, n. (precipio,) a 
precept ; a doctrine ; advice. 

Precido, -cidére, -cidi, -cisum, 
tr. (pre & ceedo,) to cut off. 

Precipio, -cipére, -cépi, -cep- 
tum, tr. (pre & capio,) to 
seize or take before; hence, 
to prescribe; to command. 

Precipito, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(preeceps,) to throw down 
headlong; to precipitate ; 
to throw. 





POTISSIMUM——PRZLATUS. 


Precipue, adv. especially ; pars 
ticularly ;' from 

Precipuus, a, um, adj. (preci- 
plo,) especial; distinguish- 
ed; the chief; the princi- 

al. 

Preclare, adv. excellently ; fa- 
mously; gloriously; from 

Preclarus, a, um, adj. (pra & 
clarus,) very clear or bright ; 
famous. ) 

Preecliido, -cludére, -cliisi, -cli- 
sum, tr. (pre & claudo,) to 
close beforehand; to stop; 
to shut up. 

Preco, 6nis, m. @ herald. 

Preeda, «x, f. booty; the prey. 

Predico, are, avi, atum, tr 
(pre & dico,) ¢o tell openly ; 
to publish ; to declare ; to as- 
sert; to affirm: to praise. 

Predico, cére, xi, ctum, tr- 
(pre & dico,) to predict ; te 
foretell. 

Predictus, a, um, part. fore- 
told. 

Predor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
(preeda,) to plunder. 

Przefans, tis, part. from 

Preefari, fatus, def. 222, 4, to 
tell before, or foretell; to an- 
nounce; to predict. 459. . 

Preféro, -ferre, -tili, -latum, 
tr. irr. (pre & fero,) to bear 
before; to show; to prefer. 

Preefinio, ire, ivi, tum, tr. (pre 
& finio,) to appoint before- 
hand: to determine. 

Preefinitus, a, um, part. 

Prelatus, a, um, part. (pra- 
féro). 


PRELIANS 


Prelians, tis, part. (preelior.) 

Preiiatus, a, um, part. from 

Prelior, ari, atus sum, intr. 
dep. to give battle; to en- 
gage; to fight. 

Prelium, i, n. @ battle. 

Premium, i, n. a reward; a 
price; a recompense. 

Premitto, -mittére, -misi, -mis- 
sum, tr. (pra & mitto,) ¢o 
send before. 

Preneste, is, n. a city of La- 
tium. 

Prenuntio, are, dvi, datum, tr. 
(pre & nuntio,) to tell be- 
forehand; to announce; to 
signify; to give notice. 

reparo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(pra & paro,) to get before- 
hand; to make ready; to 
prepare; to make. 

Prepsno, -ponére, -pozui, -posi- 
tum, tr. (pre & pono,) to 
set before; to value more; 
to place over; to prefer. 

Prvesens, tis, adj. present; ¢m- 
minent; part. of praesum. 

Preesépe, is, n. presépes & 
preesépis, is, f. (praesepio,) 
a manger; a crib. 

Presidium, i, n. (presideo,) 
a garrison; defence. 

Preestans, tis, part. & adj. (ior, 
iss mus,) (presto,) standing 
bejore; hence, excellent; 
distinguished; hence, 

Preestantia, a, f. super ority 5 
an advantage; a preémi- 
nence. 


Presto, stare, stiti, stitum and | 


statum, intr. & tr. (pre & 





eee 





PRAVITAS. 287 
sto,) to stand before; to ex- 
cel; to be superior; to sur- 
pass; to perform; to pay; 
to grant; to give; to ren- 
der ; to execute ; to cause: se, 
to show or prove one’s self: 
preestat, imp. 2 is better. 

Presum, -esse, -fui, intr. irr. 
(pre & sum,) to be over ; to 
preside over; to have the 
charge or command of ; to 
rule over. 

Pretendo, -tendére, -tendi, 
-tensum or tum, tr. (pre & 
tendo,) to hold before; to 
stretch or extend before; to 
be opposite to; to pretend. 

Preter, prep. besides; except; 
contrary to. 

Preterea, adv. (prater & ea,) 
besides ; moreover. 

Pretereo, ire, ii, itum, tr. irr. 
§ 221, 3, (preetor & eo,) to 
pass over or by ; to go be- 
yond; to omit; not to men- 
tion. 414. 

Pretereundus, 
(preetereo.) 

Preteriens, euntis, part. (prae- 
tereo.) 

Preeteritus, a, um, part. (pre- 
tereo,) past. 

Preterquam, adv. except; be- 
sides: praterquam si, ex- 
cept in case. 

Pretorius, i. m. (vir,) g@ man 
who has been a pretor ; one 
of pretorian dignity. 

Pratum, i,n. a meadow ; a pas- 

ture. 


a, um, part. 


 Pravitas, atis, f. depravity; fr. 


288 


Pravus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- | 


mus,) depraved; bad. 
Precatus, a, um, part. (precor.) | 


Preci, -em, -e, f (prex tot 


used, § 18, 12,) a@ prayer: 
pl. preces (entire). 782, 

Precor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
(preci,) to pray; to entreat. 

Premo, premére, pressi, pres- 
sum, tr. fo press; to urge, 
to grieve. 

Pretidsus, a, um, adj. (ior, is- 
simus,) precious ; valuable ; 
costly; from 

Pretium, i, n. a price: a ran- 

“som; a reward: in pretio 
esse, to be valued; to be in 
estimation: pretium opére, 
worth while. 

Primus, i, m. Priam, the last 


king of Troy. 


PRAVUS—PROCURO. 


113, 4,) the former ; prior; 
jist. 222. 

Priscus, i, m. @ cogndmen or 
surname of the elder Tar- 
quin. 

Pritis, adv. (prior,) pero ; 

rst. 

Priusquam, adv. (prius and 
quam,) sooner than; befere 
that; before. 

Privatus, a, um, adj. (prive,) 
private; secret:—subs. @ 
private man. 

Pro, prep. for; instead. 

Probabilis, e, adj. comp. (pro- 
bo,) that may be proved; 
probable ; commendabie. 

Proboscis, idis, f. proboscis ; the 
trunk of an elephant. 

Procas, 2, m. See Silvius. 


| Procédens, tis, part. from 


Pridie, adv. (pri, for priori, & | Procédo, -cedére, -cessi, -ces- 


die,) the day before. 

Priéne, es, f. a maritime town 
of Lonia. 

Primd & -im, adv. (sup. of 
prits, 233,) first; at first: 
quam primtim, as soon as 
possible. 46:2. 

Primoris, e, adj. (primus,) the 
Jirst; the foremost: dentes, 
the front tecth. 

Primus, a, um, num. adj. (sup. 
of prior,) the jirst. 

Princeps, ipis, adj. (primus & 
capio,) the chief; the first: | 
principes, the princes ; the | 
chiefs; chief men; hence, 


sum, intr. (pro & cedo,) to 
go forth; to proceed; to go 
forward; to advance ; to ge 


out. 

Proceritas, atis, f. stature; 
height; tallness; length; 
from 


Procérus, a, um, adj. (comp.} 
tall; long. 

Proclamo, are, ivi, datum, tr. 
(pro & clamo,) to ery out; 
to proclaim. 

Proconsul, ilis, m. (pro & con- 
sul,) a proconsul. 

|Procreo, are, avi, datum, tr 
(pro & creo,) ta beget. 


Principatus, ais, m. a govern- | Procul, adv. far. 


ment; principality. 
Prior, us, adj. (sup. primus, 


Prociro, dre, Avi, datum, tr. 
(pro & curo,) to take care 


PROCURRO—PROPAGO. 


of; to manage; (viz. for 
another.) 

Procurro, currére, curril & cu- 
eurri, cursum, intr. (pro & 
curro,) to run forward; to 


extend. 

Prodigium, i, n. (prodico,) a 
prodigy. 

Proditor, Oris, m. (prodo,) a 
traitor. 


Proditus, a, um, part. from 

Prodo, -dére, -didi, -ditum, tr. 
(pro & do,) to give out; to 
betray; to relate ; to discov- 
er; to disclose ; to manifest. 

Preelior. See Prelior. 

Prelium, ijn. See Prelium. 

Profectus, a, um, part. also, 

Proficiscens, tis, part. from 

Proficiscor, icisci, ectus sum, 
intr. dep. (pro & faciscor, 
from facio,) to go forward; 
to march; to travel; to de- 
part; to go. 

Proiiteor, -fitcri, -fessus sum, tr. 
dep. (pro & fateor,) to de- 
clare; to avow publicly ; to 
profess: sapientiam, to pro- 
Jess wisdom; to profess to 
be a philosopher. 

Profugio, -fugére, -ftigi, -fugi- 
tum, intr. (pro & fugio,) to 
flee, (scil. before or fron ;) 
to escape; hence, 

Profiigus, a, um, adj. fleeing; 
escaping: —subs. a fugi- 
tive; an exile. 


Prozredior, -grédi, -gressus | 


sum, intr. dep. (pro & gra- 
dior,) to go forward; to 
proceed; to advance. 


289 


Progressus, a, am, part. having 
advanced. 

Prohibeo, Gre, wi, itum, tr. 
(pro & habeo,) to keep off, 
or away; to prohibit; to 
hinder; to forbid; hence, 

Prohibitus, a, um, part. 

Projicio, -jicére, -jéci, -jectum, 
tr. (pro & jacio,) to throw 
away; to throw down; to 
throw. 

Prolabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, 
intr. dep. (pro & labor,) to 
fall down ; to fall forward; 
hence, 

Prolapsus, a, um, part. having 
fallen. 

Prolato, are, avi, datum, tr. freq. 
(proféro,) to carry forward; 
to enlarge; to extend; to am- 
plify. 

Proles, is, f. a race; offspring. 
| Prometheus, i, m. the son of 
lapétus and Clyméne. 

Promittens, tis, part. from 

'Prommitto, -mittére,  -misi, 
-mmissum, tr. (pro & mitto,) 
to let go, or send forward; 
to promise; to offer. 

Promontorium, i, n. (pro & 
mons,) @ promontory; a 
headland; a cape. 

Promoveo, -movere, -modvi, 
-motum, intr. & tr. (pro & 
moveo,) to move forward; 

to enlarge. 

|Pronus, a, um, adj. tnclined; 

bending forward. 


oe are, Avi, datum, tr. 





(pro & pago,) to propagate; 
to prolong ; to continue. 


2990 


Prope, adv. & prep. (propits, 
proxime,) near; near to; 
nigh. 

Propéro, are, avi, atum, intr. 
(propérus,) to hasten. 

Propinquus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(prope,) near ; related: pro- 
pinqui, subs. relations; kins- 
men. 

Propior, us, adj. comp. § 26, 4, 
222, (proximus,) nearer, 

Propiis, adv. nearer ; comp. of 
prope. 

Propono, -ponére, -posui, -pos- 
itum, tr. (pro & pono,) fo set 
before ; to propose ; to offer. 

Proponor, -poni, -positus sum, 
pass. to be set before: pro- 
positum est mihi, /t is pro- 


posed by me; i. e. L intend 
or purpose. 

Propontis, idis, f. the sea of 
Marmora. 


Propositus, a, um, part. pro- 
posed; put. 

Proprie, adv. particularly; 
properly; strictly; from 
Proprius, a, um, adj. peculiar ; 

proper ; one’s own; special. 
Propter,prep.for; on account of. 
‘Propulso, are, avi, atum, tr. 
freq. (propello,) to drive a- 
way; to ward off; to repel. 
Propyleum, i, n. the porch of 
a temple; an entrance; the 
rows of columns leading to 
the Acropolis at Athens. 
Prora, x, f. the prow of a ship. 
Proscribo, -scribére, -scripsi, 
-scriptum, tr. (pro & scri- 
bo,) to publish by writing ; 


PROPE—PROVEN2O. 


to proscribe; to outlaw; to 
doom to death and confisca- 
tion of goods. 

Proseciitus, a, um, part. having 
accompanied. 

Proséquor, -scqui,  -seciitus 
sum, tr. dep. (pro & se- 
quor,) to follow after; to 
accompany; to attend; to 

follow ; to celebrate: hono- 
ribus, to heap or load with 
honors; to honor. 

Proserpina, «x, f. the daughter 
of Ceres and Jupiter, and 
wife of Pluto. 

Prospectus, tis, m. (prospicio,) 
a prospect; a distant view. 

Prospére, adv. (prosper,) pros- 
perously ; successfully. 

Prosterno, -sternére, -stravi, 
-stratum, tr. (pro & sterno,) 
to prostrate ; to throw down. 

Prostratus, a, um, part. (pros- 
terno.) 

Prosum, prodesse, profui, intr. 
irr. (pro & sum, § 83, 1,) 
todo good; toprofit. 417. 

Protagoras, 2, m. a Greek phi- 
losopher. 

Proténus, adv. (pro & tenus,) 
immediately ; directly. 

Protéro, -terrére, -trivi, -tritum, : 

'. (pro & tero,) to trample 
upon; to tread down; te 
crush. 

Protractus, a, um, part. frem 

Protraho, -trahére, -traxi, -traes 
tum, tr. (pro & traho,) éo 
protract; to prolong. 

Proveniens, tis, part. from 


| Provenio, -venire, -véni, -ven- 


PROVINCIA—PUNIO. 291 


tum, intr. (pro & yenio,) i lus,) public: in publicum 

came forth. procédens, going abroad or 
Provincia, «, f. (pro & vinco,) appearing in public: subs. 

a province. publicum, the public treas- 
Provocatio, Onis, f. a calling Ury. 

forth; a challenge; & pro-| Publius, i, m. the prendmen 

vocation; trom of several Romans. 
Provoco, are, avi, atum, tr.| Pudibundus, a, um, adj. (pu- 





* (pro & voco,) to call forth; deo,) ashamed; bashful, 

t» call out; to defy or chal-, — modest. 

lenge; to appeal. Puer, éri, m. a boy; a servant. 
Proximé, adv. (sup. of prope,) ; Puerilis, e, adj. (puer,) puerile; 

nearest; very near; next to. | childish: setas, boyhood ; 
Pieximus, a, um, adj. (sup. of childhood. 

propior.) nearest; next. Pueritia, x, f. (id.) boyhood ; 
Prucdens, tis, adj. (or, issimus,) childhood. 

(providens, fr. provideo,) | Pugna, 2, f. (pugnus, the fist ;) 

Soreseeing ; prudent ; wise ; a battle with fists; a close 

erpert; hence, fight; a battle. 

Prodentia, a, f. prudence; | Pugnans, tis, part. (pugno.) 
knowledge. Pugnatus, a, um, part. from 
Pseudophilippus, i,m. a false} Pugno, dre, Avi, datum, intr. 

or pretended Philp, a name | (pugna,) to fight: pugna- 

_ given to Andriscus. | tur, pass. imp. @ batile is 
Psitiacus, i, m. a parrot. | fought; they fight. 

Psophidius, a, um, adj. of or Pulcher, ra, rum, adj. (chrior, 

belonging to Psophis; Pso-; — cherrimus,) fair; beautiful; 








— ‘phidian. glorious; hence, 
Psophis, idis, f: @ city of Ar- | Pulchritido, inis, f. fairness; 
cadia. | —- beauty. 


Ptolemieus, i, m. Ptolemy; the' Pullus, i, m. the young of any 
name of several Egyptian, animal. 
kings. | | Pulsus, a, um, part. (pello.) 
Publice, adv. (publicus,) pub- | Pulvillus, i, m. (Horatius,) a 
licly; at the public expense ; | Roman consul in the first 
by public authority. | year of the republic. 
Publicéla, 2, m. (popilus & | Punicus, a, um, adj. Punic; 
colo.) @ surname given to belonging to Carthage; 
P. Valerius, on account of Carthaginian. 
his love of popularity. Punio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (pe 
Publicus, a, um, adj. (popti-' —_na,)- to punish. 


292 PUNITUS—QUESTOR. 


Punitus, a, um, part. (punio.) pe rthaerae 2, m. a Grecian 
Pupillus, i, m. (dim. fr. pupt-| philosopher, born at Samos. 
lus, and that fr. pupus,) a) Pythagoréus, i, m. a Pythago- 
young boy; a pupil; aj rean; a follower or disciple 


ward; an orphan. of Pythagoras. 
Puppis, is, f ihe stern of a| Pythia, x, f. the priestess of 
ship. Apollo at Delphi. 


Purgo, are, avi, atum, tr. to| Pythias, «2, m. a soldier of 
purge; to purify ; to clear ; Philip, king of Macedon. 
to clean; to excuse. 

Purpura, x, f. the purple mus- Q. 
cle; purple; hence, 

Purpuratus, a, um, adj. clad| Q., or Qu., an abbreviation of 
in purple: purpurati, pl. Quintus. 


courtiers; nobles. _ | Quadragesimus, a, um, num. 
Purpureus, a, um, adj. (id.) adj. ord. the fortieth; from 

purple. Quadraginta, num. adj. pl. ind. 
Purus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- forty. 

mus,) pure; clear. Quadriennium, i, n. (quatuor 
Pusillus, a, um, adj. (dim. fr. & annus,) the space of four 

pusus,) small; weak; lt- years. 

tle; very small. eed. we, & pl. x, drum, 
Puteus, i, m. a well; a pit. | f. (quadrijiigee, quatuor & 
Puto, are, Avi, atum, tr. fo jugum,) a four-horse char- 

think. tot; a team of four horses. 
Putresco, putrescére, putrui,/ Quadringentesimus, a, um, 

intr. ine. (putreo,) to rot ; to num. adj. ord. the four hun- 

decay. dredth; from 
Pydna, x, f.a town of Macedon. | Quadringenti, , a, num. adj. 
Pyegmei, drum, m. the Pyg- pl. four hundred. 


mies, a race of dwarfs in- | Quadriipes, pédis. adj. (qua- 
habiting a remote part of tuor & pes,) having four 





India or Hthiopia. | feet; four-footed. 
Pyra, ex, f. a funeral pile. Querens, tis, part. from 
Pyrimis, idis, f. a pyramid. | Queero, querére, quesivi, que- 
Pyreneus, i, m., & Pyrenei, situm, tr. to ask; to seek 
drum, m. pl. Pyrenees, for; to inquire; to search: 
mountains dividing France queritur, 2 7s asked; the 
and Spain. enquiry is made; hence, 


Pyrrhus, i, m. a king of Epi- | Queestio, Onis, f. a question. 
rus. Questor, Oris, m. (quesitor, 


QUAZSTUS—QUINGENTESIMUS. 


id.) a questor ; a treasurer; ' 
an inferior military officer | 
who attended the consuls. 

Questus, fis, m. (id.) gain; 
trade. 

Qualis, e, adj. of what kind; 
as; such as; what. 

Quam, conj. & adv. as; how; 
after comparatives, than. 

Quamdiu, or Quandiu, adv. 
(quam & diu,) as long as. 

Quamquam, or Quanquam, 
conj. though; although. 


293 


Quatuordécim, num. adj. pl 
ind. (quatuor & decem,) 
fourteen. 

a| Que, enclitic conj. (always 
joined to another word, and 
draws the accent to the 
syllable preceding it.) and; 
also. 

Queo, ire, ivi, itum, intr. irr. 
§ 83, 3; to be able; I can. 

Quercus, tis, f. an oak. 416. 

Queror, queri, questus sum, tr. 
dep. to complain. 


Quamvis, conj. (quam & vis, ! Questus, a, um, part. complain- 


fr. volo,) although. 

Quando, adv. when; since. 

Quanto, adv. by how much ; as. 

Quantopére, adv. (quanto & 
opére,) how greatly; how | 
much, 

Quantim, adv. how much; as 
much as. 

Quantus, a, um, adj. how great ; 
as great; how admirable; 
how striking. 

Quantuslibet,quantalibet,quan- 
tumlibet, adj. (quantus & h- 
bet,) how great soever; ever 
so great. 

Quapropter, adv. (qua & prop- 
ter,) wherefore; why. 

Quare, adv. (qua & re,) where- 
fore; for which reason; 
whence; therefore. 

Quartus, a, um, num, adj. ord. 
the fourth, 

Quasi, ady. (for quamsi,) as | 

scl ua \ete 

Qzatriduum, i, n. (quatuor & 
dies,) a space of four days. 

{Quatuor, num, adj. pl. ind. four. | 





ing; having complained. 

Qui, que, quod, rel. pro. 125; 
who; which; what; used in- 
terrogatively, who? which? 
what? — 

Qui, adv. how; in what man- 
ner. 

Quia, conj. because. 

Quicunque, quecunque, quod- 
cunque, rel. pro. Jaljaa, 
whosoever ; whatsoever ; ev- 
ery one. 253. 

Quidam, quedam, quoddam & 
quiddam, pro. 131, 1, a cer- 
tain one; a certain person 
or thing: quidam homines, 
certain men. 254. 

Quidem, ady. cndeed ; truly ; at 

least. 

Quin, conj. but; but that. 

Quinctius, i, m. (Titus.) a Ro- 
man general. 

Quindécim, num. adj. pl. ind. 
(quinque & decem,) fifteen. 

Quingentesimus, a, um, num. 
adj. ord. the — hundredth; 
trom 


294 QUINGENTI—RAPTOR. 


Quingenti, 2, a, num. adj. pl} = whither: quo—ed. for 
(quinque & centum,) jive; — quanto—tanto, by how 
hundred. much— by so much; er the 

Quinquagéni, «, a, num. adj. more—the more. 
pl. dist. (quinquaginta,) ev- | Quod, conj. that; because. 
ery fifty. fifty. Quominis, adv. (qud «& mi- 

Quinquagesimus, a, um, num. nus,) that—not. 
adj. (id.) fiftieth. Quomédo, adv. (quo & moda,) 

Quinquaginta, num. adj. pl. ind. how; by what means. 
Sifty. Quondam, adv. formerly; ence. 


Quinque, num. adj. pl. ind. five. | Quoniam, conj. (quum & jam,) 
Quinquies, num. adv. five since; because. 
times. Quoque, conj. also. 

‘Quintd, adv. the fifth time. Quot, adj. ind. pl. how mang ao 
Quintus, a, um, ord. num. adj.: Quotannis, adv. (quot & ane 
the fifth. nus,) annually; yearly. 
Quintus, ov Quinctius, i, m. a; Quotidie, adv. (quet & dies,) 

Roman surname. every day; darly. 
Quippe, conj. for; since. Quoties, adv. as often as; how 
Quis, que, quod, or quid, in- often. 

terrog. pro. who? what? Quum, or Cim, adv. when: 





quid, why ? |  quum jam, as soon as‘— 
Quisnam, o7 Quinam, queenam, | conj. since; although. 

quodnam, or quidnam, pro. 

131, 2, who; what. 252. R. 


Quisquam, quequam, phot 
quam, or quidquam, or quic- | Radius, i, m. a staff; a ray; ae 


ESE Ge rod. 
thing: nec quisquam, and | Radix, icis, f. a roots the foct 
nO one. ' or base of a mountain. 


Quisque, queeque, quodque, or | Ramus, i, m. a branch? a 
quidque, pro. each; every;! bough. 
whosoever ; eine | Ran na, se, f. a SV 03. 

Quisquis, quidquid, or quic- | Rapina, a, f. rapine ; plunder ; 
quid, rel. pro. 151, Obs. 1,; from 
whoever ; hen 253. | Rapio, rapére, rapui, raptum, 


Quivis, quzvis, quodvis, o7 tr. to hurry away by force; 
quidvis, pro. (qui and vis,) | to rob; to seize; to plunder. 
whosoever, whatsoever ; any Raptor, dris, m. (rapio,) one 
one. who seizes or takes away by 


Quod, adv. that; to the end that ; violence; a robber. 


RAPTURUS—REDIMENDWS. 


Raptirus, a, um, part. (rapio.) 

Raptus, a, um, part. (rapio,) 
seized; robbed; carried off: 

Raritas, dtis, f. (rarus,) rarity. 

Raro, adv. rarely; seldom; fr. 

Rarus, a, um, adj. rare; few. 

Ratio, Onis, f. (reor,) a reason. 

Ratis, is, f. a raft; a ship; a 
boat. 

Ratus, a, um, part. (reor,) think- 
ing; having thought. 

Rebello, are, Avi, datum, intr. 
(re & bello,) to renew a 
war; to rebel; to revolt. 

Recédo, -cedére, -cessi, -ces- 
sum, intr. (re & cedo,) to 
recede; to yield; to retire; 
to withdraw. 

Recens, tis, adj. comp. new; 
recent; fresh:—adv. re- 
cently; lately; newly: re- 
cens nati, new-born child- 
Ten. 

Receptus, a, um, part. (reci- 
pio.) 

Receptirus, a, um, part. (reci- 
pio.) 

Recessus, fis, m. (recédo,) a 
recess; a corner. 

Recipio, -cipére, -cépi, -ceptum, 
tr. (re & capio,) to take 
back ; to receive; to take; to 
recover: animam, to come 
to one’s self again; to re- 
cover one’s senses: se, to 
return. 

Recognosco, -ndscere, -ndvi, 
-nitum, tr. (re & cognos- 
co,) to recognize; to know 
again; to betake one’s self. 

Recolligo, -ligére, -légi, -lec- 


295 


tum, tr. (re, con & lego,) 
to gather up again; to re- 
collect ; to recover. 

Reconditus, a, um, part. from 

Recondo, dére, didi, ditum, tr, 
(re & condo,) to put togeth- 
er again ; to lay up ; to hide; 
to conceal. 

Recordor, ari, atus, tr. dep. 
(re & cor,) to call back to 
mind; to recollect; to re- 
member. 

Recreo, are, avi, atum, tr. (re & 
creo,) to bring to life again; 
to restore; to refresh. 

Recté, adv. (its, issime,) right ; 
rightly ; from 

Rectus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (rego,) straight; up- 
right; right; duvrect. 

Recupéro, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(vecipio,) to recover; to re- 
gain. 

Redditus, a, um, part. from 

Reddo, -dére, -didi, -ditum, tr. 

‘(re & do,) to give back; to 

return; to give; to make; 
to render; to restore; to 
cause: verba, to repeat: 
animam, to die: voces, to 
imitate. 


| Redeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, intr. irr. 


(ve & e0,) to go back; to 
return. 

Rediens, euntis, part. return- 
ing. 

Redigo, -igére, -Ggi, -actum, tr. 
(ve & ago,) to bring back; 
to reduce: in potestatem, to 
bring into one’s power. 

Redimendus, a, um, part. from 


296 


Redimo, -imére, -émi, -emp- 
tum, tr. (re & emo,) to take 


back; to buy back; to re-| 


deem; to ransom. 

Reducendus, a, um, part. from 

Redico, -ducére, -duxi, -duc- 
tum, tr. (re & duco,) to 
lead or bring back: in gra- 
tiam, to reconcile. 

Reférens, tis, part. requiting ; 
returning; conferring; from 

Reféro, -ferre, -tili, -latum, tr. 
irr. (re & fero,) to bring 
back: gratiam or gratias, 
to requite a favor; to show 
gratitude: beneficium, to 
requite a benefit: victori- 
am, to bring back victory, 
1. e. to return victorious: 
imaginem, to reflect the im- 
age; to resemble. 

Bede ue. tis, part. from 

Retluo, -fluére, -fluxi, -fluxum, 
intr. (re & fluo,) to flow 
back. 

Refugio, -fugére, -fugi, -fugi- 
tum, intr. (re & fugio,) to 
Sty back ; to flee; to retreat. 

Regia, 2, f. (sc. domus, from 
regius,) @ palace. 

Regina, x, f. (vex,) a queen. 

Regio, onis, f. (rego,) a region ; 
a district; a country. 

Regius, a, um, adj. (rex,) roy- 
al; regal; the king’s. 

Regnatirus, a, um, part. from 

Regno, are, avi, tui, intr. (reg- 
num,) to rule ; to govern. 


Regnatur, pass. imp. tt is ruled 


by kings. 
Regnum, i, n. (rex,) a king- 








REDIMO—REMITTO. 


dom; empire; dominion; 
reign; government ; rule. 

Rego, regére, rexi, rectum, tr. 
to direct or lead in a 
straight course; to rule. 

Regredior, -grédi, -gressus 
sum, intr. dep. (re & gra- 
dior,) to turn back; to re- 
turn. 

Regressus, a, um, part. having 
returned. 

Regulus, i, m. a distinguished 
Roman general in the first 
Punic war. 

Relatus, a, um, part. (reféro.) 

Relictiirus, a, um, part. (relin- 
quo. ) 

Relictus, a, um, part. (id.) 


Religio, Onis, f. (religo,) what 


as binding or obligatory; 
religious scruple or hin- 
drance; hence, religion; 
sacredness; sanctity; rev- 
erence; religious rites. 

Relinquo, -linquére, -liqui, -lic- 
tum, tr. (re & linquo,) to 
leave behind; to desert; to 
guit; to abandon. 

Reliquiz, arum, f. pl. the rel- 
ics; the remains; from 

Reliquus, a, um, adj. (velinquo,) 
the rest; the remainder ; the 
other. 

Remaneo, -manére, -mansi, 
-mansum, intr. (re & ma- 
neo,) to remain behind. 

Remedium, i, n. (re & medeor,) 
a remedy. 

Remitto, -mittére, -misi, -mis- 
sum, tr. (re & mitto,) to 
send back; to remit. 


REMOVEO—RESPONDEO. 


Removeo, -movére, -m6vi, -mo- 


tum, tr. (re & moveo,) ¢o| 


move back, or away; to re- 
move. 

Remus, i, m. an oar. 

Remus, i, m. the twin brother 
of Romilus. 

Renovatus, a, um, part. from 

Renovo, are, avi, atum, tr. (re 
& novo,) to make anew; to 
renew. 

Renuntio, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(re & nuntio,) to bring back 
word ; to inform; to report ; 
to declare; to announce. 

Reor, reri, ratus sum, intr. dep. 
to think; to suppose ; to be- 
lieve. 

Reparo, are, avi, datum, tr. (re 
& paro,) to get or procure 
again ; to renew ; to repair. 

Repente, adv. (repens, fr. repu,) 
suddenly. 

Reperio, -perire, -p=ri,-pertum, 
tr. (ve & pario,) to find; to 
discover; to invent. 

Repéto, -petére, -petivi, -peti- 
tum, tr. (re & peto,) to de- 
mand back. 

Repleo, ére, évi, étum, tr. (re 
& pleo,) to fill again; to 
Jill up; to replenish. 

Repono, -ponére, -posui, -posi- 
tum, tr. (re & pono,) to 
place back or again; to re- 
store; to replace. 

Reporto, are, avi, atum, tr. (re 
& porio,) to bring back ; to 
gain or obtain. 

Repreesento, are, avi, datum, tr. 
(ve & presento,) fo make 


297 


present again; to represent; 
to paint; to depict. 

Repudio, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(vepudium,) to repudiate ; 
to reject; to slight; to dis- 
regard: uxorem, to di- 
vorce. 

Requiro, -quirére, -quisivi, -qui- 
situm, tr. (re & quero,) to 
seek again; to demand; to 
require; to need. 

Res, rei, f. a thing ; an affair ; 
away; a kingdom; a gov- 
ernment; a subject: res 
geste, actions; exploits: 
res familiaris or domesti- 
ca, domestic affairs ; prop- 
erty. 

Reservo, are, avi, itum, tr. (re 
& servo,) to keep back; to 
reserve; to keep for a fu- 
ture time. 

Resideo, -sidére, -sédi, intr. (re 
& sedeo,) to sit; to sit 
down; to remain. 

Resimus, a, um, adj. (re & si- 
mus,) bent back; crooked. 

Resisto, -sistére, -stiti, -stitum, 
intr. (re & sisto,) to hold or 
keep back; to resist; to 
withstand. 

Resolvo, -solvére, -solvi, -so- 
litum, tr. (re & solvo,) to 
untie again; to loosen; to 
unbind ; to unloose; to dis- 

. solve. 

Respondeo, -spodére, -spondi, 
-sponsum, tr. (re. & spon- 
deo,) to answer again; to 
answer; to reply; to cor~ 
respond: respondctur, pass. 


298 


imp. at is answered, or the | 
reply 1s made.. 

Responsum, i, n. (respondeo,) 
an answer ; a reply. 

Respublica, reipublice, f. § 18, 
9, (ves publica,) the state; 
the government; the com- 
monwealth. 176. 

Respuo, -spuére, -spui, tr. (re & 
spuo,) to sprt out ; to reject. 

Restituo, -stituére, -stitui, -sti- 
tutum, tr. (re & statuo,) to 
put or set up again; to re- 
store; to replace; to re- 
build: aciem, to cause the 
army to rally. 

Retineo, -tinére, -tinui, -ten- 
tum, tr. (re & teneo,) to 
hold back ; to retain; to de- 
tain; to hinder. 

Revéra, adv. (res & verus,) 
truly; in very deed; in re- 
ality; tn good earnest. 

Reverentia, x, f. (revereor,) 
reverence. 

Reversus, a, um, part. having 
ae MS from 

Reverto, -vertére, -verti, -ver- 
sum, intr. (re & verto,) to 
turn back; to return. 

Revertor, -verti, -versus sum, 
intr. dep. to return. 

Reviresco, -virescére, -virul, 
intr. Ine. (revireo,) to grow 
green again. 

Revoco, are, avi, atum, tr. (re 
& voco,) to eall back; 
recall. 

Revolo, are, avi, atum, intr. 
(re & volo.) to fly back ; to 


Sly off again. 


RESPONSUM—RIGEO. 


Rex, regis, m. (rego,) a king. 

Rhadamanthus, i,m. a lawe 
giver of Crete, and subse- 
quently one of the three 
judges of the infernal re- 
guons. 

Rheti, 6rum, m. pl. the nrab- 
itants of Eehetia, now the 
Grisons. 

Rheea, 2, f. (Silvia,) the mother 
of Romulus and Remus. 

Rhenus, i, m. the river Rhine. 

Rhinocéros, otis, m. a rhinoce- 
70s. 

Rhipzus, a, um, adj. Rhipe- 
an or Rhiphean: montes, 
mountains, which, accord- 
ang to the ancients, were 
Sound in the north of Scy- 
thia. 

Rhodanus, i, 
Phone. 

Rhodius, i, m. an inhabitant 
of Rhodes; a Rhodian. 

Rhodope, es, f. a high moun- 
tain tn the western part of 


Thrace. 


m. the river 


| Rhodus, i, f. Rhodes; a cele- 


brated town, and island in 
the Mediterranean sea. 
Rheetéum, 1, n. a ety and pro- 
montory of Troas. 
Rhyndacus, i, m. @ river of 
MMysia. 
Ridons, tis, parts 
laughing at; from 
Rideo, dére, si, sum, intr. & tr. 
to laugh; to laugh at; io 
mock, to deride. 
Rigeo, ére, ui, intr. 


cold. 


smiling ; 


to be 


RIGIDUS—SACRA. 


Rigidus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
(rigeo,) stiff with cold; ri- 
gid; severe. 

Rigo, dre, avi, itum, tr. to wa- 
ter; to irrigate; to bedew: 
to wet. 

Ripa, x, f. a bank, (of a river.) 


Risi. See Rideo. 
Risus, tis, m. (rideo,) laughing ; 
laughter. 


Rixor, ari, atus sum, intr. dep. 
(rixa,) to quarrel. 

Robur, Oris, n. oak of the hard- 
est kind, hence, strength: 


robur militum, the flower | 


of the soldiers. 

Rogiatus, a, um, part. being 
asked; from 

Rogo, are, avi, datum, tr. to 
ask; to request; to beg; to 
entreat. 

Rogus, i, m. a funeral pile. 

Roma, «, f. Rome, the chief 
city of Italy, situated upon 
the Tiber; hence, 

Romanus, a, um, adj. Roman. 

Romanus, i, m.a Roman. 

Romilus, i, m. the founder and | 
Jirst king of Rome: Rom- | 
tilus Silvius, a king of | 
Alba. 

Rostrum, i, n. (rodo,) a beak; 
a bill; a snout; also, the: 
beak of a ship; a stage, or 
pulpit. 

Rota, x, f. a wheel. 

Rotundus, a, um, adj. (rota,) | 
round. 

Ruber, rubra, rubrum, adj. | 
(rior, errimus,) red. 

Rudis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) | 


| 





299 


rude; unwrought ; unerlti- 
vated; new; uncivilized. 

Ruina, ex, f. (ruo,) a ruin; a 
downfall ; a fall. 

Rullianus, i, m. a Roman g gen- 
eral, who commanded the 
cavalry in a war with the 
Samnites. 

Rumpo, rumpére, rupi, rup- 
tum, tr. to break or burst 
asunder; to break off; to 
break down; to violate. 

Ruo, uére, ui, utum, intr. & tr. 
to run headlong; to fall; ° 
to be ruined; to hasten 
down; to rush; to throw 
down ; to tear up. 

Rupes, is, f. a rock; a cliff. 

Ruptus, a, um, part. (rumpo,) 
broken; violated. 

Rursus, adv. again. 

Rus, ruris, n. the country; a 
farm; hence, 

Rusticus, a, um, adj. rustic; 
belonging to the country. 

Rusticus, i, m. a countryman. 

Rutilius, i, m. a Roman con- 
sul. 


S. 


Sabini, drum, m. the Sabines, a 
people of Italy. 

Sacer, sacra, sacrum, adj, 
(sup. errimus, § 26, 5,) sa 
cred; holy; divine; conse- 


crated. 228. 


|Sacerdos, Otis, ¢. (sacer,) a 


priest ; a priestess. 
Sacra, drum, m. pl. (id.) reli- 
gious service ; sacrifice ; sa- 


300 SACRIFICANS—SATIS. 


ered rites ; religious observ-| Salum, i, n. properly, the agi- 

ances. tated motion of the sea: 
Sacrificans, tis, part. (sacrifi-| hence, the sea. 

co,) sacrificing; offering Salus, utis, tf. safety ; salvation; 5 





sacrifices. health ; hence, 
Sacrificium, i, n. @ sacrifice; ;Salito, are, avi, atum, tr. to 
from wish health to; hence, to 


_ salute, to call. 

Salvus, a, um, adj. (salus,) safe; 
presere ed, unpunished. 

Sammnites, ium, m. pl. the Sam- 
nites, a people of Italy. 

Sanctus, a, um, adj. comp. (san- 

S 


Sacrifico, are, avi, datum, tr. 
(sacer & facio,) to sacrifice. | 

Szpe, adv. (itis, issime,) often ; | 
frequently. 

Szevio, ire, ii, itum, intr. (se-| 
vus,) to rage; to be cruel. 

Seevitas, atis, f. cruelty; sever- 
ity ; savageness ; barbaraty ; | 


cio,) holy; blameless. 
anguis, inis, m. blood. 









from Sapiens, tis, (part. sapio, prop- 

Szevus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- erly, tasting; knowing by 
mus,) cruel; severe; fierce ; the taste; hence,) adj. (ior, 
inhuman ; violent. issimus,) wzse:—subs. @ 

Saginatus, a, um, part. from sage; a wise man; hence, 

Sagino, are, Avi, datum, tr. fo| Sapientia, a, f. wisdom; phi- 
fatten. losophy. 

Sagitta, a, f. an arrow. Sapio, ére, ui, mtr. (¢o taste; to 

Saguntini, drum, m. pl. the Sa- discern ; hence,) to be wise. 
guntines; the inhabitants | Sarcina, x, f. (sarcio,) a pack; 
of Saguntum. a bundle. 

Saguntum, i, n. @ town of | Sardinia, «x, f. a large island in 
Spain. the Mediterranean sea, west 

Salio, salire, salui & sali, intr. of Italy. 
to spring; to leap. Sarmate, arum, m. the Sar- 

Salsus, a, um, adj. (sallo, ¢o matians, a people inhabit 
salt; obsol. from sal,) salt ; ing the north of Europe 
sharp : and Asia. 

Salto, are, avi, datum, intr. freq.| Sarpédon, Onis, m. @ son of 
(salio,) to dance. Jupiter and Huropa. 


Saliiber, -bris, -bre, adj. (brior, | Satelles, itis, m. @ satellite; a 
berrimus,) (s salus,) whole- guard; a body-guard. 
some; salubrious; healthy ; | Satiaitus, a, um, part. from 
hence, | Satio, are, Avi, atum, tr. fo sa- 

Salubritas, Atis, f. salubrity; ; tiate; to satisfy; from 
healthfulness. | Satis, adj. & adv. (comp. sa- 


SATUR—SECTOR. 


tius, better ;) enough; suf- | 
Jicient ; sufficiently; very; 
quite. 

Satur, ira, trum, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (satio,) satiated ; full. 

Saturnia, x, f. a name given to 
Italy; also, a citadel and 
town near Janiculum. 

Saturnus, i, m. the father of 
Jupiter. 

Saucio, are, avi, atum, tr. (sau- 
cius,) to wound. 

Saxum, i, n. a rock; a stone. 

Scevola, «2, m. (Mucius,) @ | 
brave Roman soldier. 

Seateo, ére, intr. to gush forth 
like water from a spring; 
hence, to be full; to abound. 

Scamander, dri, m. a river of: 
Troas, which flows from 
Mount Ida into the Helles- 
pont. 

Scaurus, i, m. the surname of 
several Romans. 

Scelestus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) wicked; from 

Scelus, éris, n. an tmptous ac- 
tion; a crime; wickedness: 
by metonymy, a wicked 
person. See Facinus. 

Scena, w, f. a scene; a stage. 

Scheeneus, i, m. a king of Ar-| 
cadia or Scyros, and father 
of Atalanta. 

Scheria, a, f. az ancient name 
of the island Corcyra, or 
Corfu. 

Scientia, aw, f. knowledge ; from | 

Scio, ire, ivi, itum, tr.to know ; : 
to understand. i 





. . = . ‘ > . | 
Scipio, dnis, m. a distinguished ' 


301 


Roman family: Scipiones, 
the Scipios. 

Scopilus, i, m. a high rock; a 
cliff: 

Scorpio, Onis, m. @ scorpion. 

Scotia, 2, f. Scotland. 

Scriba, 2, m. a writer; a secre- 
tary; a scribe; from 

Scribo, scribére, scripsi, scrip- 
tum, tr. to write: scribére 
leges, to prepare laws. 

Scriptor, Oris, m. a writer; an 
author. 

Scriptirus, a, um, part. (scribo.) 

Scriptus, a, um, part. (scribo.): 

Scrutor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
(scruta,) to search into; to 
trace out. 

Scutum, i, n. a shield. 

Scylla, «, f. the daughter of 
Nisus. 

Scyros, i, f. an island in the 
LLigean sea. 
Scythes, «, m. an inhabitant 
of Scythia; a Scythian. 
Scythia, a, f. a vast country 
in the north of Hurope and 

Asia. 

Scythicus, a, um, adj. Scythian. 

Seco, secare, secui, sectum, tr. 
to cut. 

Secédo, -cedére, -cessi, -cessum, 
intr. (se & cedo,) to go aside, 
to secede; to withdraw. 

Sectatus, a, um, part. having 
followed or attended; from 

Sector, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
freq. (sequor, 227, Obs. 1.) 
to follow; to pursue; to ace 
company; to attend; to 
strive after. 586. 


802 


Secilum, and Seciilum, i, n. 
an age; a period of time. 
Secum, (se & cum, £473,) 
with himself; with herself; 
with itself; with thenselves. 
Secundus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(sequor,) the second; pros- 
perous : 
perity. 


Securis, is, f (seco,) an axe. 


SECULUM—SEPES. 


Semper, adv. always; hence, 

Sempiternus, a, um, adj. ever 
lasting. 

Sempronius, i, m. the name of 
a Roman gens or clan: 
Sempronius Gracchus, @ 
Roman general. 


res secundz, pros-| Sena, 2. f. a town of Picenum. 


Senator, Oris, m. (senex,) @ 
Senator. 


Seciitus, a, um, part. (sequor.) | Senatus, tis, & i, m. (senex,) a@ 


Sed, conj. but. 


senate. 


Sedscims num, adj. ind. pl.| Senecta, «,or Senectus, itis, f. 


(sex & decem,) svxteen. 


(senex,) old age. 


Sedeo, sedére, sedi, sessum, ! Senescens, tis, part. from 


intr. to sit; to light upon. 
Sedes, is, f. (sedes) a seat; a 


residence ; a settlement: reg- | 


ni, the seat of government. 
4 .? ie . . 
Seditio, Onis, f. (se, as¢de, and 
e0,) sedition; a rebellion; 
dn insurrection. 
Sedilus, a, um, adj. (sedeo,) 
diligent. 
Seges, tis, f. a crop; a harvest. | 


Senesco, senescére, senui, intr. 
| inc. to grow old; to wane; 
from seneo, and that from 
'Senex, is, c. an old man or 

woman :—adj. old: (comp. 

senior, sometimes major 

natu,) § 26, 6. 224. 
‘Sendnes, um, m. pl. @ people 
| of Gaul. 


'Sensi. See Sentio. 


Segnis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) | Sensus, ls, m. (sentio,) senses 


dull; slow; slothful, slug- 
gish. 

Sejungo, -jungére, -junxi, -june- 
tum, tr. (se & jungo,) ¢o di- 
vide; to separate. 

Selucia, x, f. a town of Syria, 
near the Orontes. 


Semel, adv. once: plus semel, | 
| Sepiro, Are, avi, Atum, tr. (se 


more than once. 


Semé.e, es, f. a daughter of | 
Caginus and Hermione, and | 
| Sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, se- 


mother of bacchus. 
Semen, inis, n. seed. 


Semiramis, idis, f. a queen of 


Assyria, and wife of Ninus. 


feeling. 


Sententia, 2, f. an opinion: a 
proposition; a sentiment; 
from 

Sentio, sentire, sensi, sensum, 
tr. to feel; to perceive; to 


be sensible of; to observe; 


to Suppose. 


& paro,) to separate, to di- 
vide. 


pultum, tr. to bury; to in« 
ter. 


| Sepes, is, f a hedge; a fence. 


SEPTEM—SEXAGESIMUS. 


Septem, num. adj. ind. pl. 
seven. 

Septentrio, dnis, m. the North- 
ern Bear; the North. 

Septies, num. adv. seven times. 

Septimus, a, um, num. adj. ord. 
(septem,) the seventh. 

Septingentesimus, a, um, num. 
adj. the seven hundredth. 

Septuagesimus, a, um, num. 
adj. the seventieth; from 

Septuaginta, num. adj. ind. pl. 
seventy. 

Sepulcrum, i, n. (sepelio,) a 
sepulchre ; a tomb. 

Sepultiira, «, f (id.) burial; 
enterment. 

Sepultus, a, um, part. (sepelio,) 
buried. 

Sequana, «, m. the Seine, a 
river in France. / 

Sequens, tis, part. from 





Sequor, sequi, seciitus sum, tr. 
dep. to follow; to pursue. 

Seciitus, a, um, part. (sequor.) | 

Serénus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
serene; tranquil; clear; 
fair; bright. 

Sergius, i, m. the name of sev- 
eral Romans. 

Sermo, Onis, m. (sero,) speech ; 
a discourse; conversation. 

Sero, (seritis,) adv. late; too late. 

Sero, serére, sevi, satum, tr. to 
sow; to plant. 

Serpens, tis, c. (serpo, fo ereep,) 
a serpent; a snake. 

Sertorius, i,m. @ Roman gen- 
eral. 


303 


Servilius, i, m. the name of a 
Roman family: Servilius 
Casca, one of the murder- 
ers of Cesar. 

Servio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. (ser- 
vus,) to be a slave ; to serve, 
(as a slave). 

Servitium, i, n. or Servitus, 
ltis, f. (id.) slavery; bond- 
age. 

Servius, i, m. (Tullius,) the 
sixth king of Rome. 

Servo, are, Avi, datum, tr. to 
preserve; to guard; to 
watch; to keep; hence, 

Servus, i, m. a@ slave; a serv- 
ant. 

Sese, pro. acc. and abl. § 28, 

— Obs. 4, himself; herself; 
themselves. 234. 

Sestertium, i, n. a@ sestertiwm, 
or a thousand  sesterces. 
907. 1558. 

Sestertius, i, m. a sesferce, or 
two and a half asses. 906 
& 907. 1557, 1558. 

Sestos, i, or -us, i, f. a town 
of Thrace, on the shores of 
the Hellespont, opposite to 
Abydos. 

Seta, 2, f. a bristle. 

Setinus, a, um, adj. Setine; be- 
longing to Setia, a city of 
Campania, near the Pon- 
tine Marshes, famous for 
ts wine. 

Setosus, a, um, adj. (seta,) full 
of bristles ; bristly. 


Sex, num. adj. ind. pl. sz. 


Serus, a, um, adj. (comp.) | Sexagesimus, a, um, num. adj. 


late. 


ord. (sex,) the sixtieth. 


304 


Sexaginta, num. adj. ind. pl. 
(sex,) staty. 

Sexcentesimus, a, um, num. 
adj. ord. (sex & centum,) 
the sia hundredth. 

Sextus, a, um, num. adj. ord. 
(sex,) the sixth. 

Si, conj. if; whether: si quan- 
do, zf at any time. 

Sic, adv. so; thus; in such a 
manner. 

Siccius, i, m. (Dentiatus,) the 
name of a brave Roman 
soldier. 

Siccus, a, um, adj. dry: sic- 
eum, dry land: im sicco 
(loco), az a dry place: 
(aridus, thoroughly dry; 
parched.) 

Sicilia, a, f. Stetly, the largest 
island in the Mediterra- 
nean. 

Sictilus, a, um, adj. Steclian: 
fretum, the straits of Mes- 
sind. 

Sicut, & Sictiti, adv. (sic ut,) 
as: as if. 

Sidon, Onis, f. @ maritime city 
of Phenicia. 

Sidonius, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Sidon; Sidonian. 

Sidus, éris, n. a star. 

Significo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(signum & facio,) to make 
or give a sign; to desig- 
nate; to mark; to CXLPress ; 
to signify; to give notice; 
to imply or mean. 

Signum, i, m, @ sign; a token; 
a statue; a standard; col- 
Ors. 





SEXAGINTA—SINGULARIS. 


Silens, tis, part. (sileo,) silent; 
keeping silence. 

Silentium, i, n. (sileo,) szlence. 

Silénus, i, m. the foster-father 
ana instructor of Bacchus. 

Sileo, ere, ui, intr. to be silent ; 
to conceal. 

Silva, or Sylva, «x, f. a forest ; 
a wood. 

Silvia, 2, f. (Rhea,) the mother 
of Romulus. 

Silvius, i, m. a@ son of neas, 
the second king of Alba: 
Silvius Procas, a king of 
Alba, the father of Numi- 
tor and Amulius. 

Simia, e, f. (simus,) an ape. 
Similis, e, adj. (ior, limus, § 2€, 
1,) similar; like; 220. 
Similiter, adv. (similits, simil- 

ime,) in like manner. 

Simplex, icis, adj. comp. (sine 
plica, without a fold ; open ; 
plain;) hence, simple; 
artless ; open; plain; sin- 
gle. . 

Simdis, entis, m. a river of 
Troas, flowing into thc 
Scamander. 

Simonides, is, m. a Greek po- 
et, born in the island of 
Cea. 

Simul, adv. at the same time; 
at once; together; as soon 
as: simul—simul—as soon 
as, or no sooner than. 

Simulacrum, i, n. (similo,) an 
image; a statue. 

Sin, conj. dwt af: 

Sine, prep. wethout. 

Singularis, e, adj. svzgle; sin- 


SINGULI—SOLVO. 


gular; distinguished; ex- 
traordinary: certamen sin- 
gulare, a single combat; 
from 

Singili, #2, a, num. adj. pl. 





305 


Socordia, «, f. (socors, fr. se 
& cor,) negligence; sloth. 

Socriites, is, m. the most emi= 
nent of the Athenian phi- 
losophers. 


each; one by one; every: | Sol, solis, m. the sun. 


singtlis mensibus, every 
month. 
Sinister, tra, trum, adj. (comp. 


| Soleo, Gre, itus sum, n. pass. 


312, to be wont ; to be uc- 
customed: solebat, used. 


irr. § 26, 2,) left. 190, 3. | Solidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 


Sino, sinére, sivi, situm, tr. 
(for sio, obsol.) to permit. 

Sinus, Gis, m. a@ bosom; a bay; 
a gulf. 

Siquis, siqua, siquod or siquid, 
pro. tf any one; uf any 
thing. 

Siquando, adv. (si & quando,) | 
if at any time; if ever. 
Sitio, ire, ii, intr. & tr. to thirst ; 
to be thirsty; to desire ear- 

nestly. 

Sitis, is, f. thirst. 

Situs, a, um, part. & adj. (si- 
no,) placed; set; situated ; 
permitted. 

Sive, conj. or; or if; whether. 

Soboles, is, f. (subdles, sub & 
oleo,) a sprig or shoot ; off- 
spring. 

Sobrius, a, um, adj. sober ; tem- 
perate. 

Socer, éri, m. a father-in-law. 

Socialis, e, adj. (soeius, ) per- 
taining to allies; social; 
confederate. 

Sociétas, atis, f. soctety; alli- 
ance ; intercourse ; pariner- 
ship; from 

Socius, i, m. an ally; a com- 
panion. 


mus,) whole; solid; entire. 

Solitiido, inis, f. (solus,) a des- 
ert; a wilderness; a soli- 
tary place. 

Solitus, a, um, part. (soleo,) 
accustomed; usual. 

Sollers, tis, adj. (sollus, whole, 
not used, & ars,) tngenious; 
inventive; cunning; skill- 
Sul; shrewd. 

Sollertia, 2, f. (sollers,) saga- 
city; skill; shrewdness. 
Solon, dnis, m. the lawgiver 
of the Athenians, and one 
of the seven wise men of 


Greece. 
Solstitium, i, n. (sol & sisto,) 
the solstice, particularly 


the summer solstice, in dis- 
tinction from bruma, the 
winter solstice; the longest 
day. 

Solum, i, n. the earth; the soil; 
land. 

Solim, adv. alone; only; fr. 

Solus, a, um, adj. § 20, 4; 
alone. 191. 

Soliitus, a, um, part. from 

Solvo, solvére, solvi, soliitum, 
tr. to loose; to dissolve; ta 
melt; to answer. 


306 


Somnio, are, avi, atum, intr. to 
dream; from 

Somnium, i, n. a dream; from 

Somnus, i, m. sleep. 

Sonitus, tis, m. @ sound; a 
noise; from 

Sono, are, ui, itum, intr. fo 
sound; to resound; from 

Sonus, i, m.a@ sound. 

Sorbeo, -ére, -ui, tr. to suck in; 
to absorb. 

Soror, Oris, f. a sister. 

Sp., an abbreviation of Spu- 
rius. 

Spargo, spargére, sparsi, spar- 
sum, tr. to sprinkle; to 
strew; to scatter; to sow. 

Sparsi. See Spargo. 

Sparsus, a, um, part. 

Sparta, ee, f. Sparta or Lace- 
demon, the capital of La- 
conta. 

Spartacus, i, m. the name of a 
celebrated gladiator. 

Spartanus, i, m. a Spartan. 

Sparti, drum, m. pl. @ race of 
men said to have sprung 

rom the dragon's teeth 
sowed by Cadmus. 

Spartum, i, n. Spanish broom, 
a plant of which ropes were 
made. 

Spatidsus, a, um, adj. large; 
spacious ; from 

Spatium, i, n. a race ground; 
(stadium,) a@ space; room; 
distance. 

Species, i, f. (specio,) an ap- 
pearance. 

Spectacilum, i, n. a spectacle ; 

 ashow; from 





SOMNIO—SPONSA. 


Specto, are, avi, atum, tr. freq. 
(specio,) to behold; to see; 
to consider; to regard; to 
relate; to refer. 

Specus, as, m. f. & n. @ cave. 

Spelunca, 2, f. a cave. 

Spero, -are, avi, atum, tr. to 
hope; to expect. 

Spes, ei, f. hope; expectation ; 
promise. 

Speusippus, i, m. the nephew 
and successor of Plato. 
Sphinx, gis, f. a Sphinx. The 
Egyptian Sphinx is repre- 
sented as a monster having 
a woman’s head on the body 

of a lion. 

Spina, x, f. a thorn; a sting; 
a quill; a spine; a back- 
bone. 

Spiritus, tis, m. a breath; fr. 

Spiro, are, avi, datum, intr. to 
breathe. 

Splendeo, Gre, ui, intr. to 
shine; to be conspicuous ; 
hence, 

Splendidus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
splendid ; illustrious ; and 

Splendor, Gris, m. brightness ; 
splendor. . 

Spolio, are, vi, atum, tr. to 
despoil; to strip; to de- 
prive; from 

Spolium, i, n. the skin of an 
animal; spoils; booty. 

Spondeo, spondére, spopondi, 
sponsum, tr. to pledge one’s 
word; to promise 3 to en- 
gage. 

Sponsa, a, f. (spondeo,) a 
bride. 


SPONTIS—STUDEO. 


Spontis, gen., sponte, abl. 
sing., f. § 18, 11; of one’s 


307 


Stipes, itis, m. a stake; the 
trunk of a tree. 


own accord; voluntarily; | Stirps, is, f. root; a stock; a 


spontaneously ; of himself; 
of itself. 182. 

Spurius, i, m. @ praendmen 
among the Romans. 

Squama, x, f. the scale of a 
Sish. 

Stabiilum, i, n. (sto,) a stall; a 
stable. 

Stadium, i, n. a stadium; a 
Surlong ; a measure of 125 
paces; the race-ground. 

Stannum, i, n. ¢7n. 

Stans, stantis, part. (sto.) 

Statim, adv. (sto,) ¢mmediately. 

Statio, Onis, f. (sto,) @ station; 
a picket or watch; (by day,) 
navium, roadstead; an an- 
choring place. 

Statua, ez, f. (statuo,) a statue. 

Statuarius, i, m. @ statuary; a 
sculptor. 

Statuo, uére, ui, wtum, tr. 
(statum, fr. sisto,) to cause 
to stand; to set up; to de- 
termine; to resolve; to fix; 
to judge; to decide; to be- 
lieve. . 

Status, a, um, adj. (sto,) fix- 
ed; stated ; appointed ; cer- 
tain. 


Statiitus, a, um, part. (statuo,) 
placed; resolved; Jjixed ; 
settled. 

Stella, a, f. (sto,) @ star; a 
Jixed star. 


Sterilis, e, adj. (comp.) wn- 
Sruitful; sterile; barren. 
Sterto, Ere, ui, intr. fo snore. 


14 


race; a family. 

Sto, stare, steti, statum, intr. 
to stand; to be stationary: 
stare a partibus, to favor 
the party. 

Stoicus, i, m. a Stoic, one of a 
sect of Grecian philoso- 
phers, whose founder was 
Zeno. 

Stoliditas, atis, f. stupidity; fr. 

Stolidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) foolish; silly; stu- 
pid. ; 

Strages, is, f. (sterno,) an over- 
throw; slaughter. s 

Strangtlo, are, avi, atum, tr. 
to strangle. 

Strenue, ady. (ius, issimé,) 
bravely; actively; vigor- 
ously; strenuously; from 

Strenuus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 


bold; strenuous; brave; 
valiant. , | 
Strophides, um, f. pl. two 


small islands in the Ionian 
sed. 

Struo, struére, struxi, struc- 
tum, tr. to put together; to 
construct; to build: insid- 
ias, to prepare an ambus- 
cade; to lay snares. 

Struthiocamélus, i, m. an os- 
trich. 

Strymon, dnis, m. a r7ver which 
was anciently the boundary 
between Macedonia and 
Thrace. 

Studeo, ére, ui, intr. fo favor; 


308 


to study; to endeavor; to 
attend to; to pursue. 

Studidse, adv. (studidsus, fr. 
studium,) studiously; dili- 
gently. 

Studium, i, n. zeal; study; dil- 
agence; eagerness. 

Stultitia, 2, f. folly; from 

Stultus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) foolish: stulti, fools. 

Stupeo, ére, ui, intr. to be tor- 
pid or benumbed; to be as- 
tonished at; to be amazed. 

Sturnus, i, m. @ starling. 

Suadendus, a, um, part. (sua- 
deo.) 

Suadens, tis, part. from 

Suadeo, suadére, suasi, sua- 
sum, tr. & intr. to advise; 
to persuade ; to urge. 

Suavitas, atis, f. (suavis,) 
sweetness ; grace; melody. 

Suaviter, adv. (vilis, vissime,) 
(id.) sweetly; agreeably. 

Sub, prep. under; near to; 
near the time of; just be- 
fore; at; in the time of. 

Subdiico, -ducére, -duxi, -duc- 
tum, tr. (sub & duco,) to 
withdraw; to take away; 
to withhold; hence, 

Subductus, a, um, part. 

Subeo, ire, ivi & ii, itum, intr. 
irr. (sub & eo, § 83, 4,) ¢o 
go under; to submit to: 
onus, to take up or sustain 


a burden. 414. 


Subigo, -igére, -égi, -actum, tr. | 


STUDIOSE—SUCCEDO. 


Subitus, a, um, adj. (subeo,) 
sudden; unexpected. 

Sublatus, a, um, part. (suffé- 
ro,) taken away; lifted up. 

Sublévo, dre, Avi, atum, tr. 
(sub & levo,) to lighten; 
to relieve; to raise up; to 
assist. 

Sublimis, e, adj. comp. (sub. 
for supra, & limus,) swb- 
lime; high in the air: in 
sublime, aloft; hence, 

Sublime, adv. aloft; in the air. 

Submergo, -mergére, -mersi, 
-mersum, tr. (sub & mer- 
go,) to sink; to overwhelm. 

Submergor, -mergi, -mersus 
sum, pass. to be overwhelm- 
ed; to sink; hence, 


.| Submersus, a, um, part. 


Subridens, tis, part. smiling at. 

Subrideo, -ridére, -risi, -ri- 
sum, intr. (sub & rideo,} 
to smile. 

Subsilio, -silire, -silui & silii, 
intr. (sub & salio,) to leap 
‘up; to gump. . 

Substituo, -stituére, -stitui, -sti- 
titum, tr. (sub & statuo,) to 
put in the place of another ; 
to substitute. 

Subter, prep. wader. 
Subterraneus, a, um, adj. (sub 
& terra,) subterranean. 
Subvenio, -venire,evéni, -ven- 
tum, intr. (sub & venio,) 
to come to one’s assistance ; 

to succor; to help. 


(sub & ago,) to subject; to| Subvolo, are, avi, atum, intr. 


subdue ; to conquer. 
Subito, adv: suddenly; from 


(sub & volo,) te fly up. 
Succédo, -cedére, -cessi, -ces- 





SUCCESSOR—SUPERVACUUS. 


sum, intr. (sub & cedo,) to 
succeed; to follow; hence, 

Successor, Oris, mM. @ successor. 

Succus, i, m. (sucus, fr. sugo,) 
juice; sap; liquid. 

Sufféro, sufferre, sustiili, sub- 
latum, tr. irr. (sub & fero,) 
to take away ; to undertake; 
to bear. 

Suffetius, i, m. (Metius,) an 
Alban general, put to death 
by Tullus Hostilius. 

Sufficio, -ficére, -féci, -fectum, 
intr. (sub & facio,) to suf- 
fice; to be sufficient. 

Suffodio, -fodére, -fodi, -fos- 
sum, tr. (sub & fodio,) to 
dig under ; to undermine. 

Suffossus, a, um, part. 

Suffragium, i, n. (sub & fran- 
20,) a broken piece; a 
shred; a ballet; suffrage; 
vote ; choice. 

Sui, pro. gen. 117, & 118, 3, 
Ist, of himself; of herself; 
of itself: due sibi similes, 
two like each other. 232. 

Sulla, or Sylla, 2, m. a distin- 
guished Roman general. 

Sulpicius, i, m. (Gallus,) a@ 
Roman, celebrated for his 
learning and eloquence, and 

- for his skill in astrology. 

Sum, esse, fui, intr. irr. § 54, 
to be; to exist: terrori esse, 
to excite terror. 247. 

Summus, a, um, adj. (see Su- 
pérus,) the highest; great- 
est; perfect: im summa 
aqua, on the surface of the 
water. 





309 


Sumo, sumére, sumpsi, sump- 
tum, tr. to take. 

Sumptus, a, um, part. (sumo.) 

Sumptus, tis, m. (id.) expense. 

Supellex, supellectilis, f. fur- 
niture; household goods. 

Super, prep. above; upon. 

Superbe, adv. ius, issime, (fr.su- 
perbus,) proudly; haugh- 
tily. 

Superbia, «, f. (superbus,) 
pride; haughtiness. 

Superbio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. to 
be proud; to be proud of; 
from 

Superbus, a, um, adj. comp. 
proud; the Proud, a sur- 
name of Tarquin, the last 
king of ome. 

Superfluus, a, um, adj. (super- 
fluo,) superfluous. 

Superjicio, -jacére, -jéci, -jac- 
tum, tr. (super & jacio,) to 
throw upon; to shoot over. 

Superjactus, a, um, part. from 
superjacio; Sall. 

Supéro, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(super,) to surpass ; to con- 
quer ; to excel; to vanquish. 

Superstitidsus, a, um, adj. (su- 
perstitio, fr. supersto,) su- 
perstitious. 

Supersum, -esse, fui, intr. irr. 
(super & sum,) to be over; 
to remain; to survive. 

Supérus, a, um, adj. (supe- 
rior; supremus, or sum- 
mus, § 26, 2,) above; high; 
upper. 222, 

Supervacuus, a, um, adj. (su- 
per & vacuus,) superfluous. 


310 


Supervenio, -venire, -véni, 
-ventum, intr. (super & 
venio,) to come upon; to 
come ; to surprise suddenly. 

Supervolo, are, Avi, datum, 
intr. (super & volo,) to fly 
over. | 

Suppéto, Ere, ivi, itum, intr. 
(sub & peto,) to come to ; to 
be at hand; hence, to suf- 
fice; to remain; to. serve; 
to be sufficient. 

Supplex, icis, adj. (sub & pli- 
co,) supplant. 

Supplicium, i, n. (id.) @ pun- 
eshment. 

Suppono, -ponére, -posui, -po- 
situm, tr. (sub & pono,) to 
put under; to substitute. 

Supra, prep. & adv. above ; be- 
fore. 

Suréna, «, m. the title of a 
Parthian officer, and next 
in authority to the king. 

Surgo, surgére, surrexi, sur- 
rectum, intr. (surrego, fr. 
sub & rego,) to rise. 

Sus, uis, c. a swine; a hog. 

Suscipio, -cipére, -cépi, -cep- 
tum, tr. (sub & capio,) to 
take or lift up; to under- 
take; to take upon; to en- 
gage in; to receive. 

Suspectus, a, um, part. & adj. 
(suspicio,) suspected; mis- 
trusted. : 

Suspendo, -pendére, -pendi, 
-pensum, tr. (sub & pen- 
do,) to suspend; to hang; 
to hang up. 

Suspensus, a, um, part. 





SUPERV ENIO—TABESCO. 


Suspicio, -spicére, -spexi, -spec- 
tum, tr. (sub & specio,) to 
look at secretly ; to look up ; 
to suspect. 

Suspicor, ri, atus sum, tr. dep. 
to suspect; to surmise. 
Sustento, are, avi, atum, tr. 
freq. to sustain ; to support: 
sustentare vitam, to support 

one’s self; from 

Sustineo, -tinére, -tinui, -ten- 
tum, tr. (sub & teneo,) to 
bear up; to carry; to sus- 
tain; to support. 

Sustollo, sustollére, — sustiili, 
sublatum, tr. to Lift up; to 
take away; to ravse. 

Suus, a, um, pro. his; hers; 
tts; theirs; 118, Obs. 3, 
Exc., & 121, Obs. 3, 236. 

Sylla. . See Sulla. 

Syllaba, 2, f. a syllable. 

Sylva. See Silva. 

Syphax, acis, m. a king of 
Numidia, 

Syractise, arum, f. pl. Syra- 
cuse, a celebrated city of 
Sicily. 

Syria, x, f. a large country of 
Asia, at the eastern extre- 
mity of the Mediterranean 
sea. . 

Syriicus, a, um, adj. Syrian; 
belonging to Syria. 


fe 
, 
T., an abbreviation of Titus. 
Tabesco, tabescére, tabui, ine. 
(tabeo,) to consume; to pine 
away. 


TABULA—TAURICA. 


311 


Tabiila, x, f. a table; a tablet ;|'Tantim, adv. only; so much; 


a picture; a painting : | 


from 


plumbea tabila, a plate or 'Tantus, a, um, adj. so great ; 


sheet of lead. 
_Taceo, Gre, ui, itum, intr. to be 
silent. 


such: tanti, of so much val- 
ue: tanti est, vt 7s worth the 
pains; it makes amends. 


Tactus, fs, m. (tango,) the} Tarde, adv. (its, issime,) (tar- 


touch. 


dus,) slowly. 


Tredet, teeduit, tesum est or | Tarditas, atis, f (tardus,) slow- 


pertesum est, imp. to be 


ness; dulness; heaviness. 
, 


weary of: vite eos tedet,|Tardo, are, avi, atum, tr. to 


they are weary of life. 
Tenarus, i, m. & um, i, n. a 

promontory 

now cape Matapan. 


make slow; to retard; to 
check; to stop; from 


in Laconia, |'Tardus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- 


mus,) slow; dull. 


Talentum, i, n. a talent; a sum | Tarentinus, a, um, adj. Taren- 


variously estimated from 
$860 to $1020. 

Talis, e, adj. such. 

Talpa, e, ¢. a mole. 

Tam, adv. so; so much. 
Tamen, con}. yet; notwithstand- 
ing; still; nevertheless. 
Tanais, is, m. a river between 
Hurope and Asia, now the 

Don. 


tine; of or belonging to 
Tarentum: Tarentini, Ta- 
rentines; the inhabitants 
of Tarentum. 

Tarentum, i, n. a celebrated 
city in the south of Italy. 

Tarpéia, «, f. the daughter of 
Sp. Tarpetus : she betrayed 
the Roman citadel to the 
Sabines. 


Taniquil, ilis, f the wife of | Tarpéius, a, um, adj. Tarpetan: 


Tarquinius Priscus. 
Tandem, adv. (tam & demum,) 

at length; at last; finally. 
Tango, tangére, tetigi, tactum, 

tr. to touch. 
Tanguam, or Tamquam, adv. 


mons, the Tarpevan or Cap- 
itoline mount. 

Tarquinii, drum, m. pl. @ erty 
of Etruria, whence the fam- 
ily of Tarquin derived their 
name. 


(tam & quam,) as well as ; | Tarquinius, i,m. Tarquin ; the 


as if; lke. 
Tantalus, i, m. a son of Jupi- 
* ter; the father of Pelops, 
and king of Phrygia. 
Tanto, adv. (tantus,) so much. 
Tantopére, adv. (tantus & 


name of an illustrious Ro- 
man family: 'Tarquinii, 
drum, pl. the Tarquins. 

Tartérus, i, m., & -a, drum, pl. 
n. Tartarus; the infernal 
regions. 


opus,) s9 much; so greatly. | Taurica, x, f. a large peninsu- 


812 


TAURUS—TERRA. 


la of the Black Sea, now| Tendo, tendére, tetendi, ten- 


called the Criméa, or Tau- 
rida. 

Taurus, i,m. a high range of 
mountains in Asia. 

Taurus, i, m. @ bull. 

Taygétus, i, m. & -a, drum, 
pl. a mountain of Laconia, 
near Sparta. 

Tectum, i, n. (tego,) @ cover- 
ing; a roof; a house. 
Tectus, a, um, part. (tego,) 

covered; defended. 

Teges, étis, f. a mat; a rug; a 
coverlet ; from 

Tego, gére, xi, ctum, tr. to co- 
ver; to defend; hence, 

Tegumentum, i, n. @ covering. 

Telum, i, n. a missile; a wea- 
pon; a dart; an arrow. 

Temére, adv. at random; ac- 
cidentally ; rashly. 

Tempe, n. pl. indec. a beauti- 
fulvale in Thessaly, through 
which the river Peneus 
flows. 

Temperies, ici, f. @ season or 
"space of time ; temperate- 
ness; mildness; tempera- 
ture. 

Tempestas, atis, f (tempus,) @ 
storm, a@ tempest. 

Templum, i, n. @ consecrated 
place; a temple. 

Tempus, odris, n. time; @ sea- 
son: ad tempus, at the 
time appointed: ex tempo- 
re, without premeditation. 

Temulentus, a, um, adj. (tem- 
étum,) drunken; intoxica- 
ted, 


sum, tr. to stretch; to stretch 
out; to extend; intr.to ad- 
vance; to go. 

Tenébre, drum, f. pl. dark- 


NESS. 
Teneo, tenére, tenui, tentum, 
tr. to hold; to have; to 


keep; to possess; to know; 
to hold by a garrison: por-’ 
tum, to reach the harbor. 

Tentatus, a, um, part. from 

Tento, are, avi, Aatum, tr. freq. 
(teneo,) to attempt; to 
try. 

Tentyrite, drum, c. pl. the in- 
habitants of Tentyra, a 
town and island in Cane 
Ligypt. 

Tenuis, e, adj. (comp.) Hin . 
slender; light; rare. 

Tenus, prep. wp to; as far as. 

Tepeseo, escére, ui, intr. ine. 
(tepeo,) to grow warm or 
cool; to become tepid. 

Ter, num. adv. thrice. 

Terentius, i, m. a Roman pro- 
per name. 

Tergum, i, n. the back ; the far- 
ther side: atergo, from be- 
hind: ad terga, behind. 

Termino, are, Avi, atum, tr. 
to bound; to limit; to ter- 
minate; from 

Terminus, i, m. a boundary; 
linit; an end; bounds. 

Terni, ze, a, num. adj. pl. (tres,) 
three by three; three. 

Terra, 22, f. the earth; a coun- 
try; the land: omnes ter. 
re, the whole world. 


TERREO—THRASYBULUS. 


313 


Terreo, Gre, ui, itum, tr. to ter- | Theatrum, i, n. a theatre. 
rify; to scare; to frighten.| Thebe, arum, f. pl. Thebes, 


Terrester, terrestris, terrestre, 


adj. (terra,) terrestrial: 
animal terrestre, a land 
animal. 


Terribilis, e, adj. comp. (ter- 
reo,) terrible. 

Territo, are, Avi, atum, tr. 
freq. (id.) to terrify; to 

 affright. 

Territorium, i, n. (terra,) ¢er- 
ritory. 

Territus, a, um, part. (terreo.) 

Terror, dris, m. (id.) terror; 
consternation ; fear. 

Tertius, a, um, num. adj. ord. 

* (tres,) the third; hence, 

Tertid, num. ady. the third 
time. 

Testa, «, f. (tosta, fr. torreo,) 
an earthen vessel; a shell. 

Testamentum, i, n. (testor,) @ 
will; a testament. 

Testiido, inis, f (testa,) @ tor- 
toise. 

Tetigi. See Tango. 

Teutones, um, & Teutdni, 
drum, m. pl. @ nation in 
the northern part of Ger- 
many, near the Oimbri. 

Texo, texére, texui, textum, tr. 
to weave ; to plait ; to form; 
to construct. 

Thalimus, i, m. a bed-chamber; 
a dwelling. 

Thales, is & étis, m. a Mile- 
stan, one of the seven wise 
men of Greece. 

Thasus, i, f. an dsland on the 
coast of Thrace. 

27 


the capital of Beotia; 
hence, 

Thebanus, a, um, adj. Theban ; 
belonging to Thebes. 

Thelesinus, i, m. a@ Roman 
proper name. 

Themistécles, is, m. a celebra- 
ted Athenian general in the 
Persian war. 

Theodorus, i, m. a philosopher 
of Cyréne. 

Thermodon, ontis, m. @ river 
of Pontus. 

Theseus, i, m. a king of Ath- 
ens, and son of Aigeus, and 
one of the most celebrated 
heroes of antiquity. 

Thessalia, x, f Thessaly; a 
country of Greece, south 
of Macedonia; hence, 

Thessalus, a, um, adj. belong- 
ing to Thessaly; Thessa- 
lian. 

Thestius, i, m. the father of Al- 
thea. 

Thetis, idis & idos, f. one of 
the sea nymphs; the wife — 
of Peleus, and mother of — 
Achilles. 

Theutobochus, i, m. a king of 
the Cimbri. 

Thracia, x, f. Thrace; a large 
country east of Macedonia. 

Thracius, a, um, adj. belonging 
to Thrace; Thracian. 

Thrasybilus, i,m. an Athenian 
general, celebrated for free- 
ing his country from the 
thirty tyrants. 


314 


Thus, thuris, n. frankincense. 

Tibéris, is, m. 90, 2, the Ti- 
ber, a famous river of It- 
aly. 110. 

Tibi. See Tu. 

Tibicen, inis, m. (tibia & cano,) 
one who plays uponthe flute; 
a piper. 

Ticinum, i, n. a town of Cis- 
alpine Gaul, where the Ro- 
mans were defeated by Han- 
nibal. 

Tigranes, is, m. a king of Ar- 
menia Major. 

Tigranocerta, Grum, n. @ city 
of Armenia Major, found- 
ed by Tigrdnes. 

Tigris, idis, (seldom is,) c. a 
tiger. 

Tigris, idis & is, m. a river in 
Asia. 

Timens, tis, part. from 

Timeo, Gre, ui, intr. & tr. to 
fear; to dread; to be afraid. 

Timidus, a, um, adj. comp. 

 (timeo,) temid; cowardly. 

Timor, Oris, m. (id.) fear. 

Tinnitus, tis, m. (tinnio,) a 
tinkling. 

Tintinnabilum, i, n. (tintinno, 
same as tinnio,) a bell. 
Titio, nis, m. a brand; a fire- 

brand. 
Titus, i, m. @ Boia preeno- 
men, 

Toléro, dre, avi, datum, tr. to 
bear; to endure; to admit of. 

Tollo, tollére, sustili, subla- 
tum, tr. to raise; to pick 
up; to remove; to do away 
with. 


THUS—TRAHO. 


Tondeo, tondére, totondi, ton. 
sum, tr. to clip; to shave; 
to shear. 

Tonitru, u, n. thunder; from 

Tono, are, ui, itum, intr. to 
thunder: tonat, imp. it 
thunders. 

Tormentum, es 1 (torqueo,) 
an engine for throwing 
stones and darts. 

Torquatus, i, m. @ surname 
given to T. Manlius and 
his descendants. 

Torquis, is, d. (torqueo,) @ col- 
lar; a chain. 

Tot, ind. adj. so many. 

Potidem, ind. adj. (tot itidem,) 
the same number ; as many.’ 

Totus, a, um, adj. § 20, 4, 
whole; entire; all. 191. 

Trabs, is, f. a beam. 

Tractatus, a, um, part. from 

Tracto, are, Avi, atum, tr. freq. 
(traho,) to treat ; to handle. 

Tractus, tis, m. (traho,) a tract; 
a country; @ region. 

Tractus, a, um, part. (traho.) 

Traditus, a, um, part. from 

Trado, -dére, -didi, -ditum, tr. 
(trans & do,) to give over, 
or up; to deliver; to give; 
to relate; to teach: tradunt, 
they report: traditur, i as 
related: it is reported: tra- 
duntur, they are reported. 

Tragicus, a, um, adj. tragic. 

Trageedia, x, f. a tragedy. 

Traho, trahére, traxi, tractum, 
tr. to drag; to draw: bel- 
lum, to protract or pro- 
long the war; liquidas, 


TRAJICIO—TRIBUTUM. 


aquas trahére, to draw 
along clear waters ; to flow 
with a clear stream. 

Trajicio, -jicére, -jéci, -jectum, 
tr. (trans & jacio,) to con- 
vey over; t0 pass Or cross 
over. 

Trames, itis, m. (trameo, i. e. 
trans meo, to go over or 
along;) a path; a way. 

Trano, are, avi, datum, intr. 
(trans & no,) to swim over. 

Tranquillus, a, um, adj. 
(comp.) tranquil; calm; 
serene. 

Trans, prep. over; beyond; on 
the other side. 

Transactus, a, um, part. (trans- 
igo.) 

Transeo, ire, ii, itum, intr. irr. 
(trans & e0,) to pass or go 
over. 

Transféro, -ferre, -tili, -latum, 
tr. irr. (trans & fero,) to 
transfer; to carry over: se 
ad aliquem, to go over to. 

Transf igo, -figcre, -fixi, -fixum, 
(trans & figo,) to run 
through; to perce; to 
stab. 

Transftiga, 2, c. (transfugio,) 
a deserter. 

Transgredior, -grédi, -gressus 
sum, intr. dep. (trans & gra- 
dior,) to go or pass over. 

Transigo, -igtre, -égi, -actum, 
tr. (trans & ago,) to trans- 

ct; to finish; to spend. 

Transilio, -silire, -silui & -sili- 
vi, intr. (trans & salio,) to 
leap over. 


315 


Transitirus, a, um, part. (trans- 
e0,) about to pass over; to 
pass on. x 

Translatus, a, um, part. (trans- 
féro.) 

Transmarinus, a, um, adj 
(trans & mare,) beyond the 
sea; foreign ; transmarine. 

Transno: See Trano. 

Transvého, -vehére, -vexi, -vec- 
tum, tr. (trans & veho,) to 
carry over; to convey; 
transport. 

Transvolo, Are, Avi, datum, intr. 
(trans-& volo,) to fly over. 

Trasiménus, i, m. a lake in 
Etruria, near which the 
consul Flaminius was de- 

feated by Hannibal. 

Trebia, x, fa river of Cisal- 
pine Gaul, emptying tnto 
the Po. 

Trecenti, 2, a, num. adj. pl. 
three hundred; hence, 
Trecentesimus, a, um, num. 
adj. the three hundredth. 
Tredécim, num. adj. pl. ind. 
(tres & decem,) thirteen. 
Tres, tria, num. adj. pl. 104, 3, 

three. 203. 

Treviri, drum, m. pl. a people 
of Belgium. 

Triangularis, e, adj. (triangi- 


lum,) triangular;  three- 
cornered. 

Tribunus, i, m, (bas) a tri- 
bune. 


Tribuo, uére, ul, sae tr. to 
attribute ; to give ; to grant ; 
to bestow; to commit. 

Tribiitum, i, n. (tribuo,) @ tri 


316 TRICESIMUS—TURBATUS. 


bute; a tax; a contribu- 
tion; an assessment. 

Tricesimus, ag um, num. adj. 
(triginta,) the thirtieth. 

Triduum, i, n. (tres & dies,) the 
space of three days: per 
triduum, for three days. 

Triennium, i, n. (tres & an- 
nus,) the space of three 
years. 

Trigemini, drum, m. pl. (tres 
& gemini,) three. brothers 
born at one birth. 

Triginta, num. adj. pl. ind. 
thirty. 

Trinacria, x, f. one of the 
names of Sicily. 

Triptolémus, i, m. the son of 
Celeus, king of Eleusis. 

Tristitia, a, f. (tristis, sad;) 
sorrow; grief. 

Triumphilis, e, adj. (triumph- 
us,) tréumphal. 

Triumphans, tis, part. from 

Triumpho, are, Avi, tum, intr. 
to triumph; from 

Triumphus, i, m. a triumph; a 
triumphal procession. 

Triumvir, viri, m. (tres & vir,) 
one of three joint public 
officers ; a triumvir. 

Troas, Adis, f. a country of 
Asia Minor, bordering up- 
on the Hellespont. 

_ Trochilus, i, m. a wren. 

Troglodyte, drum, ¢. pl. Zrog- 
lodytes, a people of Ethio- 
pia, who dwelt in caves. 

Troja, «, f Troy, the capital 
of Troas; hence, 

Trojanus, a, um, adj. Zrojan. 





Trucido, are, avi, atum, tr. 
(trux & cedo,) to kill in a 
cruel manner; to butcher ; 
to murder ; to slay; to mas- 
sacre. 

Trux, ucis, adj. savage; cruel; 
Jierce; stern; grim. 

Tu, subs. pro. thou; § 28.231 

Tuba, «, f. (tubus, a tube,) @ 
trumpet. 

Tuber, Eris, n. (tumeo,) a 
bunch; a tumor; a protu- 
berance. 

Tubicen, inis, m. (tuba & ca- 
no,) a trumpeter. 

Tueor, tuéri, tuitus sum, tr. to 
see; to look to; to care for; 
to defend; to protect. 

Tugurium, i, n. (tego,) a hut; 
a shed. 

Tuli. See Fero. 

Tullia, «, f. the daughter of 
Servius Tullius. 

Tullius, i, m. a Roman. 

Tullus, i, m. (Hostilius,) the 
third Roman king. 

Tum, adv. then; and; so; also: 
tum—tum. as well—as; 
both—and: tum demum, 
then at length. 

Tumultus, ts, m. (tumeo,) @ 
notse; a tumult. 

Tumilus, i, m. (id.) @ mound; 
a tomb. 

Tune, adv. then. 

Tunica, x, f. a tunic; a close 
woolen garment, worn un- 
der the toga. 

Turbatus, a, um, part. dis- 
turbed ; confused ; troubled; 
from 


TURBO—UNDEVICESIMUS. 


Turbo, are, avi, atum, tr. (tur- 
ba,) to disturb; to trouble ; 
to put into confusion. 

Turma, x, f. a division of Ro- 


317 


fertile,) fertility; fruitful- 
NESS. 
Ubi, adv. 


Soon aS. 


where; when; as 


man cavalry, consisting of | Ubique, adv. every where. 


thirty men; a troop. 
Turpis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
base; disgraceful. 
Turpitaido, inis, f. (turpis) 
baseness ; ugliness. 
Turris, is, f. a tower. 
Tuscia, x, f. a country of Ita- 
ly, the same as Etruria. 
Tusciilum, i, n. @ city of La- 


tium. 

Tuscus, a, um, adj. Tuscan; 
belonging to Tuscany; 
Etrurian. 


Tutor, Gris, m. (tueor,) @ guar- 
dian; a tutor. 

Tutus, a, um, adj. (ior issi- 
mus,) (tueor,) safe. 

Tuus, a, um, adj. pro. 121, (tu,) 
thy; thine. 236. 

Tyrannis, idis & idos, f. tyran- 
ny; arbitrary power; fr. 

Tyrannus, i, m. a king; a ty- 
rant; a@ usurper. 

Tyrius, a, um, adj. 
Tyrii, Tyrians; 
ants of Tyre. 

Tyrrhénus, a, um, adj. Tyr- 
rhenian or Tuscan;  be- 
longing to Tuscany. 

Tyrus, i, f. a celebrated mart- 
time city of Phoenicia. 


U. 


Tyrian; 
inhabrt- 


Uber, éris, n. an udder ; a teat. 
Ubertas, atis, f (uber, rich, 


Se nee eee anne capenogneteeee 


Ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum, tr. 
dep. to take revenge; to 
avenge. 

Ullus, a, um, adj. § 20, 4, any; 
any one. 191. 

Ulterior, us, (ultimus;) § 26, 
4; further; hence, 222. 

Wikeniés. adv. farther ; beyond ; 
longer. 

Ultimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of ul- 
terior,) the last. 

Ultra, prep. beyond; more 
than :—adv. besides ; more- 
over ; further. 

Ultus, a, um, part. (ulciscor,) 
having avenged. 

Ulysses, is, m. a distinguished 
king of Ithaca. 

Umbra, «, f. a shade; a shadow. 

Umbro, are, avi, atum, tr. (um- 
bra,) to shade; to darken. 

Una, adv. (unus,) together. 

Unde, adv. whence; from 
which. 

Undécim, num. adj. pl. ind. 
(unus & decem,) eleven. 
Undenonagesimus, a, um, 
num. adj. (unus, de, and 
nonagessimus,) the erghty- 

ninth. 

Undequinquaginta, num. adj. 
pl. ind. forty-nine. 

Undetricesimus, a, um, num- 
adj. twenty-ninth. 

Undevicesimus, a, um, num 
adj. nineteenth. 


318 


Undeviginti, num. adj. nine- 
teen. 

Undique, adv. on all sides. 

Unguis, is, m. a claw; a talon; 
a nal. 

Ungila, x, f. a claw ; a talon; 
a hoof: binis ungilis, clo- 
ven footed. 

Unicus, a, um, adj. (unus,) one 
alone; sole; only. 

Unio, dnis, m. a pearl. 

Universus, a, um, adj. (unus & 
versus,) whole; universal ; 
all. 

Unquam, adv. ever: 
quam, and never. 

Unus, a, um, num. adj. § 20, 4; 
one; only; alone. 191. 

Unusquisque, unaqueeque, un- 
umquodque, adj. each one; 
each; § 37, Obs. 2 

Urbs, is, f. a city; the chief 

, city; Rome. 

Uro, urére, ussi, ustum, tr. fo 
burn. 

Ursus, i, m. a bear. 

Usque, adv. even; as far as; 
till; until. 

Usus, a, um, part. (utor.) 

Usus, tis, m. (id.) use; custom ; 
profit; advantage. 

Ut, conj. that; in order that; 
so that: adv. as; as soon 
as; when. 

Utcunque, adv. (ut & cunque,)’ 
howsoever; somewhat; in 
some degree. 

Uter, tra, trum, adj. 797. 
which? which of the two? 

Uterque, trique, trumque, adj. 
§ 20, 4; (uter & que,) both; 


nec un- 


UNDEVIGINTI—VALERIUS. 


(taken separately, see am- 
bo,) each; each of the two. 

Utilis, e, adj. comp. (utor,) 
useful. 

Utica, x, f. a maritime city of 
Africa, near Carthage. 
Utor, uti, usus sum, intr. dep. 
to use; to make use of. 

Utrinque, adv. on both sides. 

Utrim, adv. whether. 

Uva, 2, f. a grape; a bunch of 
grapes: passa, a raisin. 

Uxor, Oris, f. (ungo,) a wife. 


Vv. 


Vaco, fire, ivi, atum, intr. to be 
Sree from; hence, 

Vacuus, a, um, adj. empty; 
unoccupred ; vacant; free; 
exempt: vacuus viator, the 
destitute traveler. 
Vadosus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
fordable; shallow; from 
Vadum, i, n. (probably from 
vado, to go;) a ford; a 
shallow. 

Vagans, tis, part. (vagor.) 

Vagina, «, f. a scabbard; a 
sheath. 

Vagitus, tis, m. weeping; crying. 

Vagor, ari, atus sum, intr. dep. 
to wander about; to stray. 

Valeo, ére, ui, intr. to be well, 
“or in health; to be strong; 
to avail; to be distinguished; 
to be eminent: multum va- 
lére, to be very powerful: 
vale, farewell. 

Valerius, i, m. a Roman pro- 
per name. 


VALLIS—-VENOR. 


Vallis, is, f. a valley; a vale. 

Variétas, atis, f. (varius,) va- 
riety; change. 

Vario, are, Avi, atum, tr. to 
change; to vary; from 
Varius, a, um, adj. various; 

diverse. 

Varro, nis, m. (Marcus,) a very 
learned Roman: P. Te- 
rentius, a consul, who was 
defeated by Hannibal. 

Vasto, are, avi, atum, tr. to lay 
waste; to ravage; from 

Vastus, a, um, adj. waste; 
desert; hence, wide; vast ; 
great. 

Vates, is, m. a poet; a bard. 

Ve, conj. (enclitic, 242, Obs. 
2,) or; also, intensive or 
negative inseparable par- 
ticle, 239, Obs. 2. 497. 

Vecordia, 2, f. (vecors, mad ;) 
madness ; folly. 

Vectus, a, um, part. (veho.) 

Vehémens, tis, adj. (ior, issi- 
mus,) (ve intens. & mens,) 
vehement ; ummoderate ; 
hence, 

Vehementer, adv. (its, issimé,) 
vehemently ; greatly; very; 
much; violently. 

Veho, vehére, vexi, vectum, 
tr. to bear; to carry; to 
convey. 

Veiens, tis, & Veientanus, i, m. 
an inhabitant of Veit. 

Veii, drum, m. pl. a@ city of 
Tuscany, memorable for 


the defeat of the Fabian 


Samily. 
Vel, conj. or; also; even: vel 


° 319 


lecta, ever: when read: vel 
—vel, either—or. 

Vello, vellére, velli, or vulsi, 
vulsum, tr. to pluck. 

Vellus, Eris, n. (vello,) a fleece. 

Velox, dcis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
(volo, are,) swift; rapid; 
active. 

Velum, i, n. (vexillum,) @ 
sail, 

Velut, & Veliiti, adv. (vel & 
ut,) as; as if. 

Venilis, e, adj. (venus, sale ;) 
venal; mercenary. 

Venans, tis, part. (venor.) 

Venaticus, a, um, adj. (id.) e- 
longing to the chase: canis, 
a hound. 

Veniator, Gris, m. (venor,) @ 
huntsman. 

Vendito, are, Avi, datum, freq. 
to sell; from 

Vendo, vendére, vendidi, ven- 
ditum, tr. (venum & do,) 
to sell. 

Venenatus, a, um, adj. pot- 
soned ; potsonous ; from ve- 
néno, and that from 

Venénum, i, n. povson. 

Veneo, ire, ii, intr. irr. (for 
venum e0,) to be exposed 
for sale; to be sold. 

Venétus, i, m. or Brigantinus, 
a lake between Germany 
and Switzerland, called the 
Boden sea, or lake of Con- 
stance. 

Venio, venire, veni, ventum, 
intr. to come; to advance. 

Venor, dri, dtus sum, tr. dep. 
to hunt. 


320 


Venter, tris, m. the belly; the 
stomach. 

Ventus, i, m. a wind. 

Venus, fis, o7 i, m. (used only 
in the dat. acc. & abl.) sale. 

Venus, Eris, f. the goddess of 
love and beauty. 

Ver, veris, n. the spring. 

Verber, éris, n. a whip; a rod; 
a blow; a stripe; hence, 

Verbéro, are, Avi, atum, tr. to 
strike. 

Verbum, i, n. a word. 

Vere, adv. (its, issime,) (ve- 
rus,) truly. . 
Vereor, éri, itus sum, intr. dep. 

to fear ; to be concerned for. 

Vergo, vergére, versi, intr. 
(also tr.) to tend to; to in- 
cline; to verge towards ; to 
bend; to look. 

Verisimilis, e, adj. comp. (ve- 
rum & similis,) lke the 
truth; probable. 

Veritus, a, um, part. (vereor.) 

Vero, conj. but :—adv. (verus,) 
indeed ; truly. 

Verona, x, f. Verona, a city in 
the north of Italy. 

Versatus, a, um, part. from 

Versor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep. 
freq. (verto,) to turn; to 
revolve; to dwell; to live; 
to reside; to be employed. 

Versus, a, um, part. (vertor.) 

Versus, prep. towards. 

Vertex, icis, m. (verto,) the 
top; the summit; the crown 
of the head. 

Verto, tére, ti, sum, tr. to turn; 
to change. 


VENTER—VETUS. 


Veru, u,n. 91, N., aspit. 377. 

Vertm, conj. but; but yet; tr. - 

Verus, a, um, adj. (comp.) true. 

Vescor, i, intr. dep. (esca,) ‘to 
live upon ; to feed upon; to 
eat; to subsist upon. 

Vespéri, or -e, adv. at evening: 
tam vespéri, so late at eve- 
ning. 

Vesta, «, f. a goddess; the 
mother of Saturn; hence, 

Vestalis, is, f. (virgo.) a Ves- 
tal virgin; a priestess con- 
secrated to the service of 
Vesta. 

Vestibiilum, i, n. the porch; the 
vestibule. 

Vestigium, i, n. a footstep; a 
vestige; a trace; a mark; 
a track. | 

Vestio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to 
clothe; from 

Vestis, is, ff. @ garment; 
clothes. 

Vesilus, i, m. a high mountain 
of Liguria, and a part of 
the Cottian Alps. 

Veteranus, a, um, adj. (vetus,) 
old :—subs. a veteran. 

Veto, are, ui, itum, tr. to for- 
bid; to prohibit. 

Veturia, x, f. the mother of Co- 
riolanus. 

Veturius, i, m. (Titus,) a Ro- 
man consul, who was de- 
feated by the Samnites at 
the Caudine Forks. 

Vetus, Eris, adj. (veterior, ve- 
terrimus, § 113, 2,) an- 
cient ; old: veteres, the an- 
cients ; hence, 222. 


VETUSTAS—VINUM. 


Vetustas, atis, fi antiquity ; 
age. 

Vetustus, a, um, adj. comp. 
(id.) old; ancient. 

Vexi. See Veho. 

Via, x, f. a way; a course; a 
path; a journey; hence, 

Viator, dris, m. a traveler. 

Vicéni, 2, a, distrib. num. adj. 
pl. (viginti,) every twenty ; 
twenty. 

Vicesimus, a, um, num. adj. 
(id.) the twentieth. 


Vici. See Vinco. 
Vicies, num. adv. twenty 
times. 


Vicinitas, atis, f the neighbor- 
hood; vicinity; from 

Vicinus, a, um, (vicus,) adj. 
near; neighboring. 

Vicinus, i, m. (vicus,) @ neigh- 
bor. 

Vicis, gen., f. $18, 13, change ; 
reverse; a place; a turn; 
in vicem, ¢n turn; in place 
of; instead. 182. 

Victima, «, f. (vinco,) @ vie- 
tim; @ sacrifice. 

Victor, dris, m. (vinco,) @ vic- 
tor; a conqueror: adj. vic- 
torious; hence, 

Victoria, x, f. a victory. 

Victirus, a, um, part. (from 
Vivo.) 

Victus, a, um, part. (vinco.) 

Vicus, i, m. @ village. 

Video, vidére, vidi, visum, tr. 
to see; to behold. 

Videor, vidéri, visus sum, pass. 
to be seen; to seem; to ap- 
pear ; to seem proper. 


321 


Viduus, a, um, adj. (viduo, to 
bereave ;) bereaved ; widow- 
ed: mulier vidua, a widow. 

Vigil, ilis, m. (vigeo,) a@ watch- 
man. 

Vigilans, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) 
(vigilo,) watchful; vigil- 
ant. 

Vigilia, x, f. (vigil,) a watch- 
ing:—pl. the watch, (by 
night.) 

Viginti, num. adj. pl. ind. 
twenty. 

Vilis, e, adj. cheap; vile; bad ; 
mean. 

Villa, 2, f. (vicus,) @ country- 
house; a country-seat; @ 
villa; hence, 

Villicus, i, m. an overseer of an 
estate; a steward. 

Villus, i, m. long hair ; coarse 
hair. 

Vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctum, 
tr. to bind. » 

Vinco, vincére, vici, victum, tr. 
to conquer; to vanquish; 
to surpass. 

Vinctus, a, um, part. (vincio.) 

Vincilum, i, n. (id.) @ chain: 
in vinciila conjicére, to 
throw into prison. 

Vindex, icis, c. an avenger; a 
protector; a defender; an 
asserter ; from 

Vindico, dre, avi, atum, tr. to 
claim; to avenge: in liber- 
tatem, to rescue from slave- 
ry. 

Vindicta, , f. (vindico,) ven- 
geance; punishment. 

Vinun, i, n. wine. 


322 


Viola, x, f. a violet. 

Vidlo, are, avi, atum, tr. (vis,) 
to violate; to pollute; to 
corrupt. 

Vir, virl, m. (vis,) @ man. 

ireo, ére, ui, intr. to be green; 
to be verdant; to flourish. 

Vires. See Vis. 

Virga, wx. f. (vireo,) a rod; a 
small staff’; a switch. 

Virgilius, i, m. Virgil, a very 
celebrated Latin poet. 

Virginia, e, f. the daughter of 
Virginius. 

Virginius, i, m. the name of a 
distinguished Roman cen- 
turion. 

Virgo, inis, f. (vireo,) @ vir- 
gin; a girl; a mad. 

Virgiila, x, f. (dim. from virga,) 
a small rod. 

Viriathus, i, m. a Lusitanian 


VIOLA—VOLUCER. 


sia, which still bears the 
same name, and which was 
anciently the eastern bound- 
ary of Germany. 

Visurgis, is, m. the Weser, a 
large river of Germany. 

Visus, a, um, part. (video.) 

Visus, fis, m. (video,) the 
sight. 

Vita, wx, f. life. 

Vitandus, a, um, part. (vito.) 
Vitifer, éra, érum, adj. (vitis 
& fero,) vine-bearing. 

Vitis, is, f. (vieo,) a vine. 

Vitium, i, n. a crime. 

Vito, are, avi, Atum, tr. to shun ; 
to avoid. 

Vitupéro, are, Avi, datum, tr. 
(vitium paro,) to find fault 
with; to blame. 

Vividus, a, um, adj. (comp.) 
lively; vivid; from 


general who was originally | Vivo, vivére, vixi, victum, intr. 


a shepherd, and afterwards 
a leader of robbers. 


to live; to fare; to live 
upon; hence, 


Viridomirus, i, m. a king of | Vivus, a, um, adj. Living; 


the Gauls, slain by Marcel- 
lus. ; 

Virtus, titis, f. (vir,) virtue ; 
merit; excellence; power ; 
valor; faculty. 

Vis, vis, f. § 15, 12, power; 
strength; force: vis homi- 
num, a multitude of men: 
vim facére, to do violence: 
—pl. vires, ium, power; 
strength. 1238. 

Viscus, €ris, n. an entrail: 
viscéra, pl. the bowels; the 

esh. 

Vistila, 2 f. a river of Prus- 


alive. 
Vix, adv. scarcely. 
Vixi. See Vivo. 
Voco, are, avi, tum, tr. (vox,) 
to call; to invite; to name. 
Volo, are, avi, datum, intr. to 


Volo, velle, volui, tr. irr. § 83, 
4; to wish; to desire; to be 
willing. 417. 

Volsci, Grum, m. pl. @ people 
of Latium. 

Volicer, -cris, -cre, adj. (volo, 
are,) wtnged:—subs. @ 
bird. 


VOLUMNIA—ZONE. 


Volumnia, x, f. the wife of 


Coriolanus. 

Voluntas, atis, f. (volo,) the 
will. 

Voluptas, atis, f (voliipe, fr. 
volo,) pleasure; sensual 
pleasure. 

Volutatus, a, um, part. from 

Volito, are, avi, datum, tr. freq. 
(volvo,) to roll. 

Volvo, vére, vi, titum, tr. fo 
roll; to turn. 

Votum, i, n. (voveo,) a wish; 
a vow. 

Vox, vocis, f. a voice; a word; 
an expression; an exclam- 
ation. 

Vuleanus, i, m. Vulean, the 
god of fire, the son of Ju- 
piter and Juno. 

Vulgus, i, m. or n. the common 
people; the populace; the 
vulgar. 

Vulneratus, a, um, part. from 

Vulnéro, are, avi, Atum, tr. to 
wound; from 

Vulnus, éris, n. a wound. 

Vulpecila, 2, f. dim. (vulpes,) 
a little fox. 

Vulpes, is, f. a fox. 

Vultur, iris, m. @ vulture. 

Vultus, Gs, m. (volo,) the coun- 


323 


tenance ; the expression : the 
look. 


X. 


Xanthippe, es, f. the wife of 
Socrates. 

Xanthippus, i, m. a@ Lacede- 
monian general, who was 
sent to assist the Carthagi- 
nians in the first Punic 
war. 

Xenocriites, is,.m. @ philoso- 
pher of Chaleédon ; the sue- 
cessor of Speusippus in the 
Academia.’ 

Xerxes, is, m. a celebrated king 
of Persia. 


Z. 


Zama, «, f. a city of Africa. 

Zeno, dnis, m. a philosopher of 
Citium, a town of Cyprus, 
and founder of the sect of 
the Stoics. | 

Zetes, is, m. a son of Boreas. 

Zona, «, f. a girdle; a zone. 

Zone, es, f. a city and promon- 
tory in the western part of 
Thrace, opposite to the 
island of Thasus. 


COMPOSITION. 


In combining words to form a sentence, observe care- 
fully the following 


GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SYNTAX. 


1. In every sentence there must be a verb in the indi- 
cative, subjunctive, imperative, or infinitive mood, and a 
subject expressed or understood, 617, 

2. Every adjeetive, adjective pronoun, or participle, 
must have a substantive expressed or understood, with 
which it agrees, 264 and 681, 650, 65 1.* 

3. Every relative must have an antecedent or word to 
which it refers, and with which it agrees, 284, 685. 

4, very nominative has its own verb expressed or 
understood, of which it is the subject, 302, 308, 635, 
643, Or it is placed after the substantive verb in the 
predicate, 320, 666. 

5. Every finite verb, 7. e., every verb in the indicative, 
subjunctive, or imperative mood, has its own nominative, 
expressed or understood, 305, 306, 635, 643; and 
when the infinitive has a subject, it is in the accusative, 
671, 7736. The infinitive without a subject does not 
form a sentence or proposition, 658, Z/18. 

6. Every oblique case is governed by some word, ex- 
pressed or understood, in the sentence of which it forms 
a part, or is used without government, to express certain 
circumstances, 691, 966. 


* For explanation of these figures, used for reference, see page Vi. 
of this book. 


EXERCISES 


IN LATIN COMPOSITION. 


Exercises in Latin composition for beginners can not be too simple, 
nor can they be too soon commenced. They are capable, alse, under 
proper management, of being made one of the most exciting and pleas- 
ing, as well as profitable parts of study, even to young pupils. Exercises 
in considerable variety, and in the simplest form, are furnished in the 
Grammar under each part of speech. As soon as the pupil begins to 
read and translate, suitable exercises in Syntax may be drawn from every 
lesson, and even from every sentence, in which he may be drilled orally 
with great advantage, by simply changing the subject from the singular 
to the plural, or from the plural to the singular, and again by changing 
the mood or tense of the verb, or the active form for the passive, and vice 
versa. These may be still further varied by expressing the same idea in 
the interrogative or negative form, through all the varieties of mood, 
tense, number, or person, as before. 

When the learner has become expert in this exercise, he may advance 
a step farther, and select from several ‘sentences of his lesson, or from the 
stock now laid up in his memory, such words as are capable of forming 
a new sentence; and this again may be varied ad libitum, as before. ‘To 
illustrate this—Suppose that the lesson of the day contains the following 
simple sentence, ‘Terra parit flores,” ‘The earth produces flowers,” ana 
the class has become familiar with the inflection of the words in every 
part, then let them change the words to correspond to such English sen- 
tences as the following: 

The earth produced flowers; the earth has produced—had produced— 
will produce—may produce—might produce, &c., flowers,—a flower. 
Flowers are produced—were produced—have been produced, &c. The 
ezth does not—did not—will not—can not, &c., produce flowers. Flow- 
ers are not—were not, &c., produced by the earth. Are flowers pro- 
duced—were flowers produced—have flowers ‘been produced, &c., by the 
earth? Are not flowers produced—were not flowers produced by the 
earth? &c., (as before.) Then again it may be noticed to the pupil that 

28 . 


526 EXERCISES IN 


terre, in the plural, means “‘lands” or “countries,” and so may have a 


plural adjective and a plural verb; thus, Omnes, multe, quedam terre 
pariunt flores, “All,” “many,” ‘“‘some lands produce flowers,” &c., 
through a similar variety as before. In this manner, and in many other 
ways which will occur to the mind of an active teacher, a class may be 
kept actively and even intensely, as well as profitably occupied for ten or 
fifteen minutes, with a few words which, in their various forms and uses, 
will be indelibly impressed on the mind, while the memory and judgment 
are trained to prompt and accurate exercise, and more real progress made 
in the study of the language than by a careless reading of many pages 
extended through a drawling recitation of several days. 

As a weekly, semi-weekly, or even daily exercise, pupils might be 
encouraged ata very early period to furnish an exercise in writing, framed 
by themselves from the lesson of the preceding day; or they may be sup- 
plied with English sentences framed from the lesson by the teacher or 
some of the more advanced scholars, to be rendered into Latin. In doing 
this they require no dictionary, and are not perplexed to know what 
words to choose, as the words are all before them in the lesson from 
which the exercise is drawn, and they have only to make the necessary 
changes in number, mood, tense, voice, &c., requisite to express the ideas 
contained in the exercise to be turned into Latin, i which also they are 
assisted by the model before them in the lesson, and the knowledge ob- 
tained in its previous study and recitation. 

The following are framed from the reading lessons at the places indi- 
cated, as specimens of the kind of exercises here intended. They rise in 
gradation from simple unconnected sentences to those of the nature of a 
continued narrative, and are sufficient to furmsh a short semi-weekly 
exercise of this kind during the time necessary to go through the Reader. 
They will also form a good preparation for a systematic work cn Latin 
composition, such as BuLLions’ Latin EXERCISES. 


LATIN CCMECSITION. 327 


EXERCISES IN SIMPLE SENTENCES. 
Change the Latin words in the following sentences so as to correspond 
te the English following 
1. Fortes laudabuntur, ignavi vituperabuntur. 
“Brave men wil! be praised, cowardly men will be blamed.” 


Brave men are praised, the cowardly are blamed. Brave 
men have always (semper) been praised, cowardly men blamed. 
Men praise the brave and blame the cowardly. Do not (non- 
we") men praise the brave and blame the cowardly? A cow- 
ardly man will not be praised. A brave man will not be 
blamed. We will praise the good. You should blame the 
cowardly Let us praise” the brave and blame the cowardly. 
Let the brave be praised. Blame the cowardly. 


2. Honos est premium virtiitis. 
“Honor is the reward of virtue.” 


Honor will be the reward of virtue. Honor was, (has been, 
bad been,) the reward of virtue. Is not honor* the reward 
cf virtue? Honors will be the rewards of virtue.s Will not 
honor always be* the reward of virtue? Let honor always 
be* the reward of virtue. 


3. Victi Perse in naves confugérunt. 
“The Persians being conquered fled to their ships.” 


The Persians were conquered and fled° to their ships. 
When the Persians were conquered" they fled to their ships. 
We have conquered the Persians and they have fled to their 
ships. If we conquer’ the Persians they will flee to their 
ships. If the Persians should be conquered‘ they will flee to 
their ships. They say that the Persians were conquered and 
fled to their ships. 


4. Delectavérunt me epistile tue. 
“Your letters have delighted me.” 


Your letters delight me. I am delighted with your letters. 
Have I not* always been delighted with your letters? Do my 
(me@) letters delight you (fe)? His (evs) letters will always 
give us pleasure. Our (nostre@) letters do not delight him. He 
will be delighted with our letters. 





GramMars.—? 171, 1: 11935, r. lxxxviii—4 631, 1244, r. xcv 
—e 627, 2: 1265, r. xcvii. 


Iptoms.—* 56, 3.—© 115, 1—f 77, 3. 


828 EXERCISES IN 


Tke words of the following sentences selected from the Introductory 
Exercises, pp. 80-79, will be found yn the paragraphs indicated by the 
numbers prefixed. Asa fuxther exercise these mdy be varied as in tke 
preceding. Nes. 1, 2, 3, 4. 


~ 


d. (1.) There are many kings in Europe. Eurcpe has 
many kings. ‘There have been many gocd kings. There are 
many suns and more stars. Cicero was a good man and a 
distinguished consul. (2.) A brave soldier is to be praisea 
(3.) An elephant walks. Many sparrows build nests. The 
partridge runs. (4.) Black sheep are not feund every where. 
Africa produces lions. The Romans often burned their dead. 
A brave man is not always praised. The Romans overthrew 
Carthage and Corinth. 


6. (5.) The bear wanders in the forest. A parrot imitates 
the human voice. (€.) A day has been lost. Flowers are 
produced by the earth. Athens was liberated by Miltiades 
(7.) Herds of wild asses roam (erro) in the forests (sylva) of 
Asia and Africa. The tracks of wild beasts are diligently 
traced out by dogs. The variety of languages in the army of 
Cyrus was very great. (&-) Animals covered with wocl are 
stupid, but (sed) they are capable of bearing cold. Foolish 
people are not happy. The Gauls were very brave.* The 
lion is the bravest of arimals." 


7. (9.) Piato and Socrates were highly esteemed. It is 
our custom” to value the good.© Good men* forget injuries 
and remember kindnesses. It is the custom ef foclish men to 
forget kindnesses. (10.) Good men® are an keror to their 
country; they are just and benevolent to all. Nero was an 
enemy to the human race. A good man (vir) will be dear te 
all, a wicked man (homo) to no-one. 


8. (11.) Various coverings have been given to animals. Na- 
ture has given avarice and ambition to man alone. (12.) The 
Romans for the most part burned their dead. Homer men- 
tions embroidered garments. (18.) We sometimes find stags 
of a white color. We have need of philosophy. Men of 
noble birth are not always of a noble disposition. Men of 
depraved disposition are never happy (nunquam feliz). Be 
content with few things and thou wilt be free from cares. 


ee _ 


GRAMMARS.—> 364, r. xii.: 7SO,r. xxi—? 355,17. x.: 7H, rv. xix 





Iproms.—?* 24.—° 19. 


LATIN COMPOSITION. 329 


3. (14.) Lions eat flesh. Silver and gold are found in 
Spain. Men easily want gold and silver, but (sed) not food. 
Africa abounds in lions. (16.) The Romans were sent under 
the yoke, The year was divided into twelve months by 
Numa Pompilius. (17.) Hunger and blows tame wild 
beasts. Nightingales change their color in autumn. One 
oration of Socrates was sold for twenty talents. (18.) Mi- 
thridates, king of Pontus, was received by Tigranes, king of 
Armenia: 

10. (19.) I desire to live with you. They wished to 
sle2p. Why do men desire to change their fortune? We 
ought to learn to despise wealth. We can not (we are not 
able) to suffer poverty. All men* desire to be loved. (20.) 
Men must die. They had to fight.” The art of writing® 
was invented by the Pheenicians. Paper is useful for writing. 
(21.) Catiline entered into a scheme for raising an army and 
destroying the city. 

11. (22.) The sun will set and the wolves will come forth 
(evento) to plunder.* The civil wars were carried on by 
Marius and Sulla. All the nations of men have been and 
they will be carried off by the power of death. (23.) Your 
letters have often been read by me.*° The crocodile lives 
many years. Glory is thought to follow virtue. Great 
things have been undertaken. Our strength will not always 
remain. 

12. (24.) The disposition of wild beasts is sometimes more 
gentle than that of men. (25.) This is the four-horse chariot 
which was made of ivory and covered with the wings of a fly. 
Fruits are not produced by every field that is sown. Words 
are repeated by the parrots® which are sent from India. Men 
who are mindful of favors will receive (recipio) favors. (27.) 
The fig-tree is so large that it conceals troops of horsemen 
under it. Da you know® (Num scis) who painted‘! Alexan- 
der? sit true® ( Verummne est) that bulls are swallowed whole 
in India by serpents?® Do you know® how many (quot) men 
there are in the world? Tell us (Doce) when the world was 
made,' and how many worlds there are.' 


GRAMMARS.—* 530, 1074, r. Ixxiii—f 627,5: 7782, r. lxxxvii. 
Iproms.—* 19.—> 113.—* 111.—4 102.—# 56, 3. 





330 EXERGISES IN 


13. (29.) There are some who live* happy; there ars 
others who are never happy. Is there any one who has not 
read* Demosthenes? Who is there that has not heard* cor 
cerning Cesar? (30.) It is related that in Latmos scorpions 
do not hurt strangers, but that they kill the natives. They 
say (narrant) that Virgil in his will ordered his poems to ba 
burned, and that Augustus forbade it to be done. (31) The 
approaching day is announced by the crowing of the cock. 
The city built by Cecrops was called Cecropia. It is now 
called Athens. Many when dying are troubled with the care 
of burial. 


EXERCISES IN COMPOUND AND CONNECTED SENTENCES. 


As an example of the way in which compound and connected senten- 
ces may be varied, the first fable, page 80, may be changed into the fol 
lowing forms and translated into Latin corresponding to the English in 
each. 

14. Through fear of a kite a hawk was asked by the doves 
to defend’ them. When he assented* and was received® into 
the dove-cote, greater havoc was made by him in one day than 
could have been done“ by the kite in many (multis). 

15. The doves were led (ducte sunt) by fear of a kite to 
ask® a hawk that he would defend“ them. It is said that he 
assented” and that, being received into the dove-cote, he caused 
a much greater slaughter of the doves in one day than the 
kite could have caused‘ in a long time. 

16. The doves are said to have asked a hawk whether, if 
received into the dove-cote, he would defend? them from the 
kite. He assented and was received; but the slaughter made 
in one day by the hawk was greater than could have been 
committed" by the kite in a long time. 

17. It is related (narrdtur) that when the doves through 
fear of a kite requested the hawk to defend’ them, he as- 
sented; and that being received into the dove-cote a great 
havoc was made of the doves ia one day. 


~ GRAMMARS.—* 638, 1227.— 621, 1, 3d: T2208.—: 631, 1244, 
r, xciv.—® 627,5: LIS2, rv. lxxxviii— 690, r. lx.: 1349. 








Intoms.—> 84.—4 88.—* 86.—f 97, 1. 


LATIN COMPOSITION. 331 


18. (p. 99, &c.) 1. A serpent, the son* of Mars, the keeper 
of a certain fountain in Beeotia, was killed by Cadmus,” the 
sor ef Agenor. For this reason (0d hoz) all his offspring were 
put to deatb, and he himself was turned into a serpent. 2. All 
who came inte the kingdom of Amycus, the son of Neptune, 
were compelled to fight with him, and being conquered were 
killed. 5. Life is said to have been restored* to Hippolytus, 
the son of Theseus, by Aésculapius, the son of Apollo. 

19. (p. 101, &¢.) 10. It is said that Tantalus‘ was the son 
of Jupiter; and that because he told to men the things whick 
he heard among the gods, he was placed in water in the infer- 
nal regions, and always thirsts. Others say, that he is tor- 
mented with perpetual fear, dreading the fall of a stone which 
hangs over his head.” 15. The first men are said to have been 
formed of clay by Prometheus,’ the son* of Japetus. It is 
also said that fire was brought by him from heaven in a reed, 
aud that he pointed out how it might be preserved by being 
envered‘ with ashes. E 

20. (p. 105, &c.) 19. Europa, the daughter of Agenor, was 
carried by Jupiter from Sidon to Crete. When Agenor sent 
his soas to bring her back, he told them that unless their 
sister was found they should not return." 21. Atalanta, the 
daughter of Schceneus, was very beautiful. When many 
sought her in marriage, the condition was proposed that he 
should take" her who should first surpass’ her in running. 
23. Niobe, the wife* of Amphion, the son* of Jupiter and 
Antiope, had seven sons and as many daughters, who were all 
slain by the arrows of Apollo and Diana; and Niobe herself 
was changed into a stone. 

21. (p. 109, &c.) 1. Neither the actions nor the thoughts 
of men are concealed from the gods. 2. The laws of the 
Athenians are said to have been written by Solon. No man 
can be esteemed happy in this life, because even to his last day 
he is exposed to uncertain fortune. 5. It is said that Demo. 
eritus, te whom™ great riches had been left by his father, gave 
nearly all his patrimony to his fellow-citizens. 


GRAMMARS.—* 251, r. i: 622, r. i—> 530, LOT4, rv. lxxiii— 
4676, 1255.—* 399, r. iv.: 826, r. xxxii— 688, 1350, r. ev.— 
€ 627, 1, 2d: L2O7.—+ 627, 1, 3d: L2O08.—' 656, 1291, r. ci 
— 382, S60, rv. xl.—! 67], r. lviii.: ZI36, 1. xxix —™ 522, vr. iii: 
L075, r. lxxiv. 








—_= 








w10M.—* 92. 1 5 


832 EXERCISES IN 


22. (p. 112, &e.) 20. They say that Socrates, who was 
judged by the oracle cf Apollo to be the wisest of all men? 
was the son of a midwife; and the mother of Euripides, the 
tragic poet, is said to have sold herbs. 21. A question being 
proposed to Homer by a fisherman, which he could not answer, 
he is said to have died of vexation. 22. Simonides when eighty 
years” old entered into a musical contest, and obtained the vic- 
tory. He afterwards (postea) lived at Syracuse* on intimate 
terms with Hiero the king. 


23. (p: 116, &c.) 42. When certain persons warned Philip, 
king of Macedon, to beware of one Pythias, a brave soldier,’ 
but displeased with him,’ he is said to have asked whether, 
(num) if a part of his body were diseased,? he should cut? it 
off or take care of it. It is said that he* then called Pythias 
to him, supplied him with money, and that after that, none of 
the king’s soldiers were more faithful than Pythias.*. 52. When 
Dionysius was banished from Syracuse, it is said that he went 
(eo) to Corinth,' where he taught boys their letters. 


24. (p. 120, &e.) 65. Corinth was taken by L. Mummius. 
All Italy was adorned with paintings and statues. It is said 
that of so great spoils he converted nothing to his own use; 
and that when he died, his daughter received a dowry from 
the public treasury. 66. A statue of Ennius the poet was 
ordered by Scipio Africanus to be placed in the tomb of the 
Cornelian gens, because the exploits of the Scipios had been 
rendered famous by his poems. 


25. (123, &e.) 1. In ancient times, Saturn came to Italy and 
taught the Italians agriculture. A fort built by him near Ja- 
niculum, was called Saturnia. 2. Troy being overthrown, it 
is said that Atneas, the son of Anchises, came into Italy, and 
was kindly received™ by Latinus, king of those regions; and 
that having received the daughter of Latinus in marriage, he 
built a city and called it Lavinia. Romulus and Remus, the 
sons of Rhea Sylvia, having’ been exposed by the order of 
Amulius, were taken up by Faustulus, the king’s shepherd, 
and given to his wife to be nursed. 








GRAMMARS.—* 355, r. x.: 77H, vr. xix.—>? 565, r. xli: D4D, rv, Ix, 
—* 549, 93.3.—4 627, 1, 3d: 22O8.—e 251, vr. i: G22, —f 382, 
xvi.: S6O, r. xl—® 627, 2: 1265, r. xevii—* 627, 5: LIS, r 
Ixxxvii.—' 671, r. lvili.: ZZS6, rv. lxxix.— 467, r. xxiv. 896,17 
xlviii—! 553, 93S, r. lvii. 


Ipioms.—4? 84.—™ 104. 


LATIN COMPOSITION. | 833 


26. (p. 126, &e.) 12. Rome was built by Romulus, and 
divided into thirty curie called by the names of the Sabine 
women carried off by the Romans. 13. Numa Pompilius, 
the second king of Rome, was born at Cures. By him* laws 
were given to the state,’ many sacred rites were instituted, 
and the manners of the people were softened. He reigned 
forty-three years.. 14. In the reign of Tullus Hostilius, 
who succeeded Numa, war was declared against the Sabines, 
which was terminated by the battle’ of the Horatii and the 
Curiatii. 

27. (p. 129, &c.) 23. Rome was governed by kings two 
hundred and forty-three years.” 23. After that the people 
created two consuls, who should hold (feneo*) the government 
for a year... Brutus, by whom the kings had been expelled, 
and Tarquinius Collatinus, were the first consuls. 24. War‘ 
having been raised against the city by Tarquin, Brutus was 
killed in the first battle. 

28. (p. 132, &c.) 1. The bravest of the Romans® was chal- 
lenged to single combat by a certain Gaul of extraordinary 
size" of body. *The challenge was accepted by T. Manlius, a 
young man of noble family, (genws” ) who killed the Gaul 
and stripped’ him of his golden chain. It is believed (cred- 
itur) that both he* and his posterity, from this circumstance, 
were called! Torquati." 2. Ina new war with the Gauls it is 
related (narratur) that another Gaul* of remarkable strength” 
challenged the bravest of the Romans® to fight with" him; 
that M. Valerius, a tribune of the soldiers, offered himself, 
and advanced armed; that a crow, which had perched on his 
right shoulder, struck at the eyes of the Gaul with his wings 
and talons, and that Valerius, the Gaul’ being killed, received 
the name of Corvinus. 

29. (p. 138, &c.) 2. Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, 
when nine years old was brought by his father to the altars” 
to swear” eternal hatred towards the Romans. 3. It is said 
that having left his brother'in Spain, he crossed the Alps 





GRAMMARS.—* 530, O74, r. Ixxiii—> 522, r. iii. : LOTS, r. Ixxiv. 
—¢ 565, r. xli.: 95O,r. lxi—4 542, r. xxxv.: 8735, 1, xlii—* 641, r. 
ii.: 2226.— 690, vr. lx.: 1349.—® 355, n x: (7H, vr. xix.— 
2 339, r. vii.: 757, Yr. xvi— 514, vr. xxxi.: DZD, r. 1—* 67], -F. 
lviii.: 2136, rv. lxxix.—™ 319, r. v.: 666, r. vi—* 619, r. li: 
L1G4, v. \xxxiv. 

inioms.—! 97, 4.—* 84. 


304 EXERCISES IN 


with (ewm) a large army and thirty elephants, and that the 
Ligurians joined themselves with him; that he conquered 
Scipio, and afterwards Sempronius Gracchus. Soon afier he 
advanced to ‘Tuscia, where having engaged in battle* near the 
lake 'Trasimenus, he conquered Flaminius the consul, and slew 
twenty-five thousand of the Romans.° 


30. (142, &.) 3. After Philip, king of Macedonia, died, 
his son Perseus prepared great forces, renewed the war against 
the Romans, and conquered P. Licinius, the Roman general 
who had been sent against him. He was afterwards con- 
quered by /Aumilius Paulus, the consul, near Pydna, and 
twenty thousand of his infantry were slain. 5. Carthage, 
though bravely defended® by its citizens, was taken and de- 
stroyed by Scipio, in the seven hundredth year after it was 
built, and in the six hundred and eighth year from the build- 
ing of Rome. 

31. (p. 145, &e.} 1. In the war carried on against Jugurtha, 
the Romans were in great fear that“ the Gauls would again 
get possession of the city. For this reason Marius was made 
consul a third and afourth time. Jn two battles, two hundred 
thousand of the enemy were slain, and eighty thousand taken 
prisoners. For this meritorious conduct, a fifth consulship was 
conferred on Marius, in his absence. C. Marius and Qu. Cat- 
ulus fought against the Cimbri and the Teutones, whe had 
passed over into Italy, slew forty thousand, and took sixty 
thousand of his army near Verona. 

32. (150, &e.) 6. Lucius Sergius Catiline is said tc have 
been a man of a very noble family,’ but of a most depraved 
disposition.” It is related (traditur) that he and certain illus- 
trious, but daring men, entered' into a conspiracy for destroy- 
ing their country;? that he was driven from the city by 
Cicero, who was then consul, and his companions seized and 
strangled in prison. 7. Nearly all Gaul was conquered by 
Cesar in the space of nine years. The war was afterwards 
earried into Britain, and the Germans were conquered im 
great battles. 

GRAMMARS.— 690, r. lx.: Z349.—* 355, x: 77D, & xix— 
¢ 688, 1550, r. ev—4 633, 1215.—* 339, vr. vii: 759 o£ XVL— 

312, ri: G43, rv. iii. 

Ipiom—* 112, 3. 


LATIN COMPOSITION. 833A 


33. (p. 154, &e.) 1. The three parts inte which the whole 
world was divided, are Europe, Asia, and Atrica. The straits 
of Gibralter separate Europe from Africa. 2. The boundary 
of Europe on the east is the river Tanais and the Euxine sea; 
on the south the Mediterranean sea; on the west the Atlantie 
ocean. 3. Spain lies toward the west. It is rich and fertile. 
In the region of Betica, men, horses, iron, lead, brass, silver, 
and gold abound. 4. The Phoczi, having left Asia,* sought 
pew settlements in Europe. 

34, (p. 157, &e.) 11. The country beyond the Rhine, as far 
as the Vistula, is inhabited by the Germans, who are said to 
carry on war with their neighbors, not that they may extend” 
their limits, but from the love’ of war. 12., It is said that the 
Germans’ do not pay much attention to agriculture. Their 
food (cisus) is milk, cheese, and flesh. They erect their 
houses near (ad) some spring, or plain, or forest; and after a 
while they pass on to another place. Sometimes also they 
pass the winter in caves. 

35. (p. 161, &e.) 24. Greece is more celebrated than any 
other nation in® the world, both for the genius of its people, 
and for their studyfef the arts of peace and of war. Many 
colonies were led from it unto all parts of the world. 25. Ma- 
cedonia was rendered illustrious by the reign of Philip and 
Alexander, by whom both Greece and Asia were subdued to 
a very great extent; and the government, taken from the 
Persians? was transferred to the Macedonians. 


36. (p. 162, &e.) 29. No region in Greece is more re» 
nowned for the splendorf of its fame than Attica.° There 
Athens is built; a city" concerning which the gods are said 
to have contended. So many poets, orators, philosophers; so 
many men, illustrious in every species of excellence, were 
produced by no other city in the world. There the arts of 
peace were cultivated to such a degree, that her renown from 
these was even more conspicuous! than (quam) her glory in 
war. The harbor of Pirzeus, connected with the city by long 
walls, was fortified by Themistocles, and affords (prevet) a 
safe anchorage for ships. 





GRAMMARS.—* 690, r. lx.: 1349.—> 627, 1: 1205, r. xc.— 
e 642, r. xxxv.: 873, r. xlii—4 671, r. lviii.: 7736, r. Ixxix.— 
e 467, r. xxiv.: S95, r. xlviii—f 535, r. xxxiv.: 889, r xlvil— 
© 522, r. iii: LOZS, rv. xxiv. 251,r.i.: 622.—! 627, 1, lst: 1221. 


Ipiom.——* 10¢ 


636 EXERCISES. 


37. (163, &c.) 30. It is said that Thebes, a most celebrated 
city, was surrounded with walls by Amphion, by the* aid* of 
music. It was rendered illustrious by the genius’ of Pindar 
and the valor of Kpaminondas. 31. “The city of Delphi was 
renowned for the oracle of Apollo, which had great authority 
among all nations, and was enriched (made rich) with numer- 
ous and splendid presents from all parts of the world. It is 
said that the tops of Mount Parnassus, which hangs over the 
city,” are inhabited by the Muses. 


38. (170, &e.) 38. It is believed that Troy, a city re. 
nowned for the war? which it carried on with the whole of 
Greece for ten years,’ was situated at the foot of Mount Ida. 
From this mountain, rendered illustrious by the judgment of 
Paris in the contest of the goddesses, flowed‘ the rivers Sca- 
mander and Simois. 49. The Carians are said to have been 
so fond of war, that they carried® on the wars of other people 
for hire. 50. The water of the river Cydnus is very clear" 
and very cold." 


39. (172, &e.) 54. Babylon, the capital of the Chaldean 
nation, was built by Semiramis or Belus. It is said that its 
walls," built of burnt brick,' are thirty-two feet* broad, and 
that chariots™ meeting each other pass without danger; that 
the towers are ten feet’ higher than the walls. The tower of 
Babylon is said to have been twenty stadia in circumference. 
56. India produces very large animals. No dogs are so large 
as those which are produced there. The serpents are said to 
be so monstrous that elephants are killed® by their bite” and 
the coiling round of their bodies. 


GRAMMARS.—* 530, S873, 1. xlii.—> 542, r. xxxv.: 873, r. xlii. 
— 339, r. sda ai ea xxxli—4 251, r. i: 622.—® 665, r. xli.: 949, 
r. Ix—f 312, ri: G43, r. ii—® 627, 1, Ist: 222 72.—! 541.—* 573, 
Bali. OOS, ¥- bs — 579, r. xliii.: 929, vr. lv.—™ 671, r. lviii ; 
1136, rv. \xxix. 


Iprom.—* 24. 


LATIN IDIOMS.* 


PARTICULAR DIRECTIONS AND MODELS FOR TRANS. 
LATION. 


The following explanations and directions are intended chiefly for reference But 
it will be of great advantage for the pupil to become familiar with them by going 
through them two or three times, 17 course, simultaneously with his reading lessons. 

1. Berore translating, every sentence should be read 
over till it can be read correctly and with ease, paying special 
attention to the quantity and pronunciation. The words should 
then be arranged according to the preceding general direc- 
tions, and translated as they are arranged, separately or in 
clusters, as may be found convenient; always remembering 
to place adjectives and adjective pronouns with their substan- 
tives before translatmg. The sense and grammatical con- 
struction being thus ascertained, the translation may then be 
read over without the Latin, and due attention paid to the 
English idiom. ‘The whole sentence, whether simple or com- 
pound, may then be analyzed as directed, § 152, 1399, 
1418, and last of all, every word parsed separately, as di- 
rected, § 153, 7419, 


2. In order to arrange and translate with ease, it is neces- 
sary to be familiar with, and readily to distinguish the differ- 
ent cases, genders, and numbers of nouns, pronouns, adjectives 
and participles, and to translate them correctly and promptly, 
in these cases and numbers, &c.; and also to distinguish and 
correctly translate the verb in its various moods, tenses, num- 
bers, persons, &c. This can be acquired only by continual 
practice and drilling, which should be kept up till the utmost 
readiness is attained. 

3. The English prepositions used in translating the differ- 
ent cases in Latin, for the sake of convenience, may be called 
siGNns of those cases; and in translating these, the English 
definite or indefinite article is to be used as the sense requires. 
The signs of the cases are as follows: 


Nom. (No sign.) Ace. (No sign.) 
Gen. Of. Voce. O, or no sign. 
Dat. To or for. Abl. With, from, in, by, &e. 


* A Latin idiom, strictly speaking, is a mode of speech peculiar to the 
Latin language. It is here used in a more extended sense, to denote a 
mode of speech different from the English, or which, if rendered word 
for word, and with the ordinary signs of cases, moods, tenses, &c., would 
not make a correct English sentence. 





338 LATIN IDIOMS. 


In certain constructions the idiom of the English language 
requires the oblique cases in Latin to be translated in a man- 
ner different from the above. The chief of these construc- 
tions are the following: 


4. The Genitive. 
1. The genitive denoting the place where, 548, R. KXXVL, ° 
932, R. LVL, is translated by at; as, Rome, “ At Rome.” 
2. Denoting price, sometimes by for ; as, Vendidit pluris, 
“He sold it for more;” or without a sign; as, Constitit 
plurzs, “It cost more, 


5. The Dative. 


1. After a verb of taking away, 501, R. XXIX., 855, R. 
XXXIX, the dative is translated by from; as, Hripuit me 
mortt, “He rescued me from death ;” Hripitur mor ti, 
“He is rescued from death, 522-II]. See 502, 1075, III. 
See 856. 

2. Denoting the doer after a passive verb, 528, R. XXXIIL, 
844, R. XXXVL., it is translated by by; as, Vex audior 
ullz, “I am scarcely heard by any one.” 


3. Denoting the possessor, 380, 8/7, it is translated as the 
genitive; as, Hz in mentem venit, “It came into the mind to 
him, 1. €., of him, or into his mind. 

4, After verbs signifying “to be present,” by at; as, Ad- 
fuit precibus, He was present at prayers. 393, §20. 


6. The Ablative. 

1. The ablative denoting a property or quality of another 
substantive, R. VII., is translated by of; as, Ver mird 
magnitudine, “A man of wonderful size.” 

2. The place where, 549, 935, is commonly translated by 
at, sometimes by zn. 

3. After the comparative degree, 467, R. XXIV., 895, 
R. XLVIIL, by than; as, Dulcior melle, “Sweeter than 
honey.” 

4. Denoting the material of which a thing is made, 541, by 
of ; as, Hactus e bore, “ Made of wory.” 

5. After dignus and words denoting origin; also after opus 
and wsus, signifying need, by of; as, Dignus honore, 
“Worthy of honor.” 


LATIN IDIOMS. 339 


6. Denoting time how long,—sometimes by in; as, Uno 
die fecit, “ He did it 77 one day ;” sometimes without a sign ; 
as, Ono die abfuit, “We was absent one day.” 

7. Time when—by at, on; as, Solis occdsu, “At the setting 
of the sun;” Jdibus Aprilis, “On the ides of April.” 

8. After verbs of depriving, 514, 911—by of; as, Hum 
veste spoliavit, “ He stripped him of his garment.” 





Cases without Signs. 

7. When the genitive, dative, or ablative, is governed by an 
intransitive verb which is translated by a transitive verb in 
English (132, Obs. 4.), or by an adjective denoting likeness, 
the sign of the case is omitted; as, 


1. Gen. Miserére mei, Pity me. 

2. Dat. Prefwit exrercitut, He commanded the army. 

a eee ident regs, It pleased the king. 

4, Abl. Utitur frau d e, He uses deceit. 

5. “ Potitus est im Pp ert 0, He obtained the government. 
6. Dat. Similis patri, Like his father. 


Obs. But when a iahea by an intransitive verb in Eng- 
lish, the sign of the case must be used; as, 
7. Insidiantur nobis, They lie in wait for us. 

8. When a “ah governs two datives, by R. XIX., 427, 
848, R. XXXVIL., the dative of the end or design is some- 
times rendered without the sign; as, 


1. Est mihi voluptati, It is to me [for] a pleasure ; i. ¢., 
It is [or it brings] a pleasure to me. 


9. The ablative absolute, 690, R. LX., 7349, and fre- 
quently time how long, 565, hk. bane 950, R. LXL., are 
without the sign ; as, 

1. Bello finito, T he war being ended. 
2. Sex mensibus abfuit, He was absent six months. 

10. When the ablative is governed by a preposition, the 
English of that preposition takes the place of the sign of the 
ablative, and no other will be used;. thus, 

1. Ab exercitu, From the army. 4. Cum dignitate, With dignity. 
2. Kx urbe, Out of the city. 5. Pro castris, Before the camp. 
3. In agro, In the field. 6. Tenus pube, Up to the middle. 

11. In order to specify more particularly, the English idiom 
sometimes requires the possessive pronouns, my, thy, his, her, 
tts, our, your, their, (not expressed in Latin unless contrasted 
with others), to be supplied before a noun, and especially if 


340 LATIN IDIOMS 


they refer to the subject of the sentence. The sense will 
show when this is to be done, and what pronoun is to be used; 
aS, 

1. Filius similis patri, A son like his father. 

2. Reverére parentes, Reverence your parents, 

12. Nouns in apposition, (251, R. 1, 622, R. L,) must be 

brought as near together as possible, and the sign of the ease, 
when used, prefixed to the first only; as, 


1. Nom. Cicéro orator, Cicero the orator. 

2. Gen. Cicerdnis oratorts, Of Cicero the orator. 

8. Dat. Cicerdni oratori, To Cicero the orator. _ 
4. Abl. Cicerdne oratére, With Cicero the orator. 


13. The noun in apposition is sometimes connected with the 
noun before it by the words as, being, &c.; as, 


1. Misit me comitem, He sent me as a companion. 
2. Hic puer venit, He came, when [or being] a boy. 


Adjectives and Substantives. 


14. In translating an adjective or adjective pronoun ard a 
substantive together, the adjective is commonly placed first, 
and the sign of the case is prefixed to it, and not tothe noun, 
263, R. IIL.; as, 


1. Nom. Altus mons, A high mountain. 

2. Gen. Alti montis, Of a high mountain. 

3. Dat. Alto monti, To |for| a high mountain. 
4. Abl. Alto monte, With a high mountain. 


15. When two or more adjectives, coupled by a conjunction, 
belong to one substantive, they may be placed either before or 
after it; as, 


1. Jupiter optimus et maximus, Jupiter the best and greatest; or 
Optimus et maximus Jupiter, The best and greatest Jupiter. 

2. Viri sapientis et docti, Of a man wise and learned; or 
Sapientis et docti viri, Of a wise and learned man. 


16. The adjective must be placed after its substantive when 
the former has a negative joined with it, or another word in 
the sentence governed by it, or dependent upon it. So also 
solus ; as, 


1. Dux peritus belli, A general skilled in war. 

2. Filius similis patri, . A son like his father. 

3. Poeta dignus honore, «A poet worthy of honor. 

4. Homines soli sapiunt, Men alone are wise. 

5. Avis tam parum decora, A bird so little beautiful. 

6. Littore non molli neque arendso, With a shore not soft nor sandy, 


LATIN IDIOMS. 341 


17. The adjectives primus, medius, ultimus, extrémus, inf t= 
mus, IMUS, SuUMMUS, Suprémus, reliquus, ceter, OY cetérus, and 
some others describing a part of an object, are translated as 
substantives, with the sign of the case prefixed, and of before 
the substantive following, 273, 662; as, 


1. Media nocte, In the middle of the night. 
2. Ad summum montem, To the top of the mountain. 


18. When these adjectives (No. 17) describe the whole, 

aiid not a part only, they are translated as in No. 14; as, 
Summum bonum, The chief good. 
Suprémus dies, The last day. 

19. An adjective without a substantive usually has a sub- 
stantive understood, but obvious from the connection, 269. 
Masculine adjectives (if plural) commonly agree with homi- 
nes, or, if possessives, with amict, cives, or milites, understood ; 
and neuters, with factum, negotium, verbum, tempus, &c.; as, 


1. Boni (homines) sunt rar?, Good men,are rare. 

2. Cesar misit suos (milites ), Ceesar somhis soldiers. 

3. Cocles transnavit ad suos (cives), Cocles swam over to his fellow-cit- 
‘izens. 

4. Labor vincit omnia (negotia), Labor overcomes all things. 

5 In postérum (tempus ), In time to come,—for the future. 

6. In eo (loco) ut, In such a situation that. 


20. Adjectives commonly used without a substantive, (but 
still belonging to a substantive understood,) may be regarded 
as substantives. They are such as mortdles, bont, mali, supért, 
inferi, Grecus, Romanus, &c. (See 269, G58) ; as, 

1. Mali odérunt bonos, The wicked hate the good. 
2 Grecos Romani vicérunt, The Romans conquered the Greeks. 

21. Adjective words, when partitives, or used partitively, 
take the gender of the noun expressing the whole, and govern 
it in the genitive plural, (if a collective noun, in the genitive 
singular), 355, Rute X., 777, R. XIX. In this case, verbs 
and adjectives agree with the partitive as if it were a noun: as, 


k. _ quis philosophodrum Some one of the philosophers has said. 
rut 
K U : .} musarum veniet, One of the muses will come. 
38. Multi nobilium juvénum, Many noble young men. 
22. The comparative degree not followed by an ablative, 
or the conjunction guam (than), is usually translated by the 
positive with too or rather prefixed. For explanation see 


473, GOR > as, 


342 LATIN IDIOMS. 


1. Tracundior est, (scil. equo,) He is too (or rather) passionate. 
2. Aigrius ferebat, He took it rather ul. 
3. Altius voldvit, He flew too high. 

Obs. In a comparison, eo or tanto with a comparative in 
one clause, and guo or guanto in the other, may be rendered 
“the” (See No. 44. 7. 8.) ; as, 

4, Quo plures, eo felicidres, The more, the happier. 

23. The superlative degree expressing comparison, is usu- 
ally preceded by the article the in English (110, 225); as, 
1. Doctisstmus Romanorum, The most learned of the Romans. 
2. Fortisstmus miles in exercitu, The bravest soldier in the army. 

24. When the superlative does not express comparison, 
but only eminence or distinction, it is translated with the arti- 
cle a or an prefixed in the singular, and without an article in 
.the plural; or by the positive, with very, eminently, &¢., pre- 
fixed (110, 215) ; as, 


1. Homo doctisstmus, A most learned (or a very learned) 
man. 
2. Homines doctissimi, Most learned (or very learned) men. 


25. Alius repeated with a different word in the same clause, 
renders that clause double, and requires it to be translated as 
in the following examples: 

1. Altus alia vid, One by one way, another by another. 

2. Aliud aliis vidétur, One thing seems good to some, an- 
other to others; i. e., Some think 
one thing, and some another. (See 
other varieties, 275, 664. 

The same usage occurs with words derived from alius. 
See Gr. 276, 6685. 


26. The distributive numeral adjectives are usually trans- 
lated by the cardinal number indicated, with “each,” or “to 
each,” annexed; sometimes by repeating the cardinal thus, 
“one by one,” “two by two,” &c., 107, 11, 209; as, 

1. Consiiles binas naves habébant, The consuls had each two ships, or, 


had two ships each. 
2. Qué singitili carri ducerentur, Where wagons could be led one by 


one. 

8. Tigna bina, Beams two by two, or in pairs. 

4. Singiilis singitlas partes He distributed equal parts, one to 
distribuit cequales, each. 


5. Singtilis mensibus hoc fecit, This he did every (or each) month. 
6. Plures singtli uxdres habent, ‘They have each many wives. 


LATIN IDIOMS. 343 


Pronouns. 


27. Ist. The adjective pronoun, hic, hec, hoe, with a noun 
following, is used as an adjective, and means, in the singular, 
“this,”’—in the plural, “ these.”—Ille, illa, illud,—is, ea, id,— 
iste, ista, istud, with a noun, in the singular, mean “that,”’—in 
the plural, “those.” 

2d. Without a noun following, they are all used substan- 
tively, and mean, in the singular, he, she, it; in the plural, 
they; thus, 


1. Hic vir, This man. 4. Hic fecit, He did it. 
2. Illa femina, That woman. 5. [lla vénit, She came. 
3, Ea urbs, That city. 6. Ha (Dido) condidit eam, She 


built 2é, (Carthage. ) 
Obs. In sentences containing an enumeration of particulars, 
the same pronoun is sometimes used in successive clauses, but 


they require to be translated differently, (276, G65) ; thus, 











The Hic, hic, 

8. Is, “e » “the 44 is, “another,” “‘the other.” 
9. Lile, ape Oe ee aie’ ? ; 
10. Alter, alter, 


When antithesis or contrast is stated, Ave is translated 
“this,” and refers to the nearer antecedent; dle, “that,” and 
refers to the more distant; as, 

11. Hic minor natu est, ille major, This is the younger, that the older. 

28. Is, éa, td, followed by wt, or the relative, qui, que, 
quod, in the next clause, means “such,” and implies compar- 
ison. The relative after it may be translated, that J, that 
thou, that he, that they, &c., according as the antecedent re- 
quires, or it may be translated as, and its verb by the infini- 
tive, (123, 2, 1038); thus, 

1. Is homo erat ut, &c., He was such a man that, &e. 
2. Neque ts sum qui terrear, Tam not such that I may be fright- 
ened. Or better thus, I am not 
- such a one as to be frightened. 

Obs. The adverb ed with wé following it, means “so far,” 

“to such a degree,” to such a point,” “in such a state ;” as, 


3. EG pervinit ut, “He came so far, (j- e.. made such 
progress,} that,’ 


S44 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Possessive Pronouns. 


29. ‘The possessive pronoun is equivalent in meaning to 
the genitive of the substantive pronoun, and may often be so 
translated ; as, 

1. Beneficio suo populique Romani, By the kindness of himself and of the 
Roman people. 
2. Cum'mea nemo scripta legat, vul- Since no one reads the writings of me, 
go recitare timentis, fearing to recite them publicly. 

30. The possessive, suus, sua, suwm, in Latin, agrees in 
gender, number, and case, with the noun denoting the odject 
possessed, but in English must be translated by a pronoun 
denoting the possessor ; thus, : 


. Pater diligit suos lbéros, A father loves his children. 

. Parentes diligunt suam sobélem, Parents love their offspring. 
g , pring 

. Frater diligit suam sororen, A brother loves his sister. 

. Soror diligit suum fratrem, A sister loves her brother. 

Obs. In the first sentence, “sos” agrees with “libéros,” 
but must be translated “zs,” denoting “pater,” the possessor. 
In the second, swam, though singular, to agree with sobdlem, 
must be translated “their,” so as to denote the possessors, 
“parentes,” &c. 


moh 


Usage of Sui, Suus,—lIlle, Iste, Hic, Is. 


31. The reflexive, sw?, and its possessive, sus, generally 
refer to the subject of the leading verb* in the sentence: 
alle, iste, hic, is, never refer to that subject, but to some other 
person or thing spoken of; thus, 


1. Cato occidit se, Cato killed himself. 
2. Pater diligit suos libéros, A father loves his (own) children, 
3. Parentes diligunt swam sob- Parents love their (own) offspring. 


dlem, : 
4. Dicit se valére, Fe says that he is well. 


Obs. In the second and third sentence, “his,” made by swos, 
and “their,” made by swam, referring to some other person than 
pater or parentes, would be made by the genitive of lle, iste, 
hic, ts. In the first and fourth, se would be made ewm. For 
the difference between these words usually translated “he,” 


see Gr. 118, 8, 7074. 


* See Gr. 118, 3, lst, with note. ZOZS. 








LATIN IDIOMS. 345 


Note. If a second subject and verb be introduced, the re- 
flexive governed by that verb will belong to the new subject, 
unless the whole clause refer to the words, wishes, or actions, 
of the first subject; as, 


5. Scipio civitatibus Italie reddidit Scipio restored to the States of Italy, 
omnia que sua recognoscebant, all the things which they recog- 
nised as their own. 


Usage of Ipse. 

32. Ipse renders the word with which it is joined emphatic, 
whether expressed or understood, and is equal to the English, 
myself, thyself, himself, themselves, &c., annexed to it; some- 
times to the word very prefixed. With nembers it denotes 
exactness, and sometimes it is used by itself as a reflexive 
instead of sw, 118, 3, 2d.; as, 


1. Ipse faciam, (i. e. ego ipse,) I will do it myself. 

2. Ipse fruéris otio, (i. e. tu tpse,) Thou thyself enjoyest ease. 

8. Jaciilo cadit ip se, (i. e. ille ipse,) He himself falls by a dart. 

4. Cesar ipse vénit, Cxsar himself came. 

5. Tempus ipsum convénit, The very time was agreed on. 

6. Ad tpsas portas, To the very gates. 

7. Decem ipsi dies, Ten whole days. 

8. Precdtus est ut ipsum liberdret, He begged that he would liberate 


him. 
9. Donum ipsi datum, A present given to him. 

53. When joined with the personal pronouns, used in a re- 
flexive sense, and in an oblique case, it sometimes agrees with 
them in case, but more commonly with the subject of the verb 
in the nominative or accusative. It is always, however, to be 
translated with the oblique case, to which it adds the force of 
the word se/f, or simply of emphasis (282, O35) ; thus, 

1. Se ipse interfécit (or se ipsum), He slew himself. 

1. Nosce te upse (orte ipsum), Know thyself: 

2. Mihi ipse (or ipsi,) faveo, I favor myself. 

3. Agam perme ip se, I will do it myself 

4. Virtus est per se ipsa lauda- Virtue is to be praised for itself. 
bilis, 

5. Se ipsos omnes natird dili- All men naturally love themselves. 
gunt, 


RELATIVE AND ANTECEDENT. 


f General Principle. ° 


34. Every sentence containing a relative and its antecedent 
is a compound sentence, of which the relative with its clause 


346 LATIN IDIOMS. 


forms one of the parts, and is used further to describe or limit 
its antecedent word in the other part. ‘That word may be the 
subject, or belong to the predicate, or to some circumstance 
connected with either. But to whichsoever of these it belongs, 
the relative and its clause must all be translated together, and 
in immediate connection with its antecedent word. Hence 
the following 


General Rule of Arrangement. 


35. The relative with its clause should be placed immedi- 
ately after, or as near as possible to the antecedent, and, unless 
unavoidable, another substantive should not come between 
them; thus, 


Latin Arrangement. 


1. Urbi imminet mons, qut ad Arcadiam procurrit. 
Here “gui” with its clause, “ad Arcadiam procurrit,” belongs 
to, and further describes the antecedent subject “mons.” As 
then the subject with all that belongs to it must be taken be- 
fore the verb, (770, 3d, 24176,) the above sentence should 
be arranged for translation, thus: Mons qui procurrit ad 
Arcadiam, imminet urbi, A mountain, which extends to Arca- 
dia, hangs over the city. 

Or, the English order may be inverted, thus: Urbi ¢mminet 
mons, gut procurrit ad Arcadiam, Over the city hangs a 
mountain, which, &e. 

But not, Mons imminet urbi, qui, &c., because this arrange- 
ment would place “wrbi” between the antecedent, “mons,” 
and the relative, “gw,” and so lead to a false translation. 
The following sentence also affords an example: 


2. Proxitmeurbem Eurdtas fluvius delabitur, ad cu jus 
ripas Spartani se exercére solébant. Arrange, Proxime urbem 
delabitur, &c., Close to the city flows; or, Hurétas fluvius, ad 
cujus ripas, &c. delabitur proxime urbem. 

36. When another noun necessarily comes between the 
relative and its antecedent, there is more danger of ambiguity 
in English than in Latin, as the gender and number ofe the 
Latin relative will generally direct to the proper antecedent, 
to which in English we are directed chiefly by the senses 


LATIN IDIOMS. 847. 


The following sentence affords an example of this kind: Ad 

Byzantium fugit, opptduim natura munitum et arte, quod 
“A 

copia abundat. 

37. The antecedent in Latin is often understood when the 
English idiom requires it to be supplied. It is generally un- 
derstood, and should be supplied in the proper case: 

1st. When it is intentionally left indefinite, or is obvious 


from the gender and number of the relative, and the connec-. 
tion in which it stands, as in No. 19; as, 


1. Sunt (homtnes) quos juvat, There are men whom it delights. 

2. Hic est (id) quod querimus, T hat which we seek is here. 

“ Fie sunt, (ea) que querimus, Those things which we seek are here. 

3. (Is) qui cito dat, bis dat, (He) who gives promptly, gives 
twice. 


Note. In the preceding sentences the antecedent supplied is in paren- 
theses. 

2d. The antecedent is usually understood before the relative, 
when it is expressed after it, and in the same case, (286, Obs.. 
1, 2d, 686, 687); as, 

4. (Pars) que pars terréna fwit, The part which was earthy. 

5. (Locus) in quem locum venit, The place into which he came. 

“ Apud Actium (locum) qui locus At Actium a place which is, &c. 
est, fc. 

Note 1. When the antecedent word is expressed in the rel- 
ative clause, as in the examples Nos. 4, and 5, or is repeated, 
as in the following, No. 6, (286, Obs. 1, 3d.,) it is omitted in 
translating; as, 


3D? 
6. Erant omnino duo itinéra, qui- There were only two ways by which 
bus itinertbus domo ex- they could go from home. 


ire possent, 


Note 2. Quisquis, quidquid, or quicquid, (and also guicun- 
que, quecunque, quodcunque,) “whoever, whatever,” used as 
a relative without an antecedent, includes a general or indefi- 
nite antecedent, in such case as the construction requires, and 
is equivalent to omnis, or quivis qui,—omne, or quidvis quod ; 
as, 
7. Fortinam quecunque (i.e. They would hazard whatever fortune 
quamvis fortinam que) (i. e. any fortune which) might 
accidat erperiantur, happen. 

8 Quidquid tetigérat curum Whatever (i. e. everything which) he 
Jiebat, had touched became gold. 


348 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Note 3. When the antecedent is a proposition, or clause of 
a sentence, 285, 684, the relative is put in the neuter gen- 
der, and sometimes has id before it referring to the same 
clanse; as, : 


9. Servi, quod (or id quod) nun- 
quam ante factum, manumisse 
et milites facti sunt; 


The slaves, which neyer had beer 
done before, were set free and made 
soldiers. 


38. In the beginning of a sentence, a relative, with or with- 
out guum, or other conjunctive term, and referring to some 
word, clause, or circumstance, in a preceding sentence, usually 
has the antecedent word repeated, or, if evident, understood ; 
and instead of who or which, may be rendered this, that, these, 
those, or, and this, and that, &c., according as the closeness of 


the connection may require, 295, OL; as, 


1. Que urbs quum infestarétur, 
“ Qui legati quum missi essent, 


2. Que contentio cuncta permis- 
cult, 

Quibus nunciis acceptis, 

. Quod quum ille cernéret, 

. Quo facto, 

. Que dum omnia contempla- 
bantur, 

7. Quod quum impetrasset, 

8. A quo consilio’ quum revoca- 
ret, 

9. Quo ictu ille extinctus est, 


ore 9 


Note. To this construction 


And since (or because) this city was 


infested. 

When these ambassadors had been 
sent. 

This contention threw all things into 
confusion. 

These tidings being received. ; 


And when he saw this. 

This being done, (or accomplished.) 

And while they were contemplating 
all these things. 

And when he had obtained this. 

When he recalled him from this de- 
sien. 


And by this blow he was killed. 
belongs quod, (apparently for 


propter or ad quod, 539,) in the beginning of a sentence, re- 
ferring to something previously stated, and meaning, “on ac- 


count of, with respect to, or as to, THIS THING ; 


10. Quod diis gratias habeo, 


lL. Quod dicéret se venturum, 


9 as, 

On account of this, (for this thing, 
wherefore,) 1 give thanks to the 
gods. 

As to what (as to that thing which) 
he said, that he would come. 


39. When the antecedent word is not repeated, as in No. 


38, the relative, with or without gem, or other conjunctive 
term, may be rendered he, she, it, they, or and he, and she, &e., 
according as the antecedent word requires, 295, 7OZ $ as, 


LATIN IDIOMS. 349 


1. Qui gum admittereet, And when he admitted. 
2. Que quum vidisset, And when she had seen. 
Que quum visa esset, When she had been (or was) seen. 
3. Quam quum dare nollet, And when he would not give i. 
4, Quibus quum occurrissct, When he had met them. 
5. Qui (que; pl. qui, que,) respon- And he (she, they, ) replied. 
dit 
6. Q wi (or que) quum adessent, And when they were present. 
7. Quem Meledger interf écit, And Meleager slew him. 
8. Quam quum ducéret, And when he was leading her. | 
9. Ad quem quum venissent, And when they had come to him. 
10. Quem ut vidit, As soon as (or when) he saw ham. 


40. When the relative in any case is followed by the sub- 
junctive mood, and the two clauses, viz.: the antecedent and 
relative, involve a comparison; or the latter expresses the 
purpose, object, or design of something expressed by the for- 
mer, the relative is better translated by the conjunction ¢at, 
and the personal pronoun; thus, that [, that thou, that he, 
that they, &c., as the antecedent word may require. (See Gr. 


652, 1212.) 


1. Missus sum qui te adducérem, Ihave been sent that J might bring 
you. 

2. Neque is qui facias id, You are not such a person that you 
should do that. 

3. Quis est tam lynceus qui, &c., | Who is so sharp sighted that he. 

4, Misit legatos qui cognoscérent, He sent ambassadors that they might 


find out. 
5. Fruges mandavit quas dissemin- She gave him fruits that he might 
Gret, scatter them. 


41. In the expressions, guippe qui, ut quit, utpote qui, the 
relative is better translated by the personal pronoun which 
represents the antecedent, 647, 7253); as, . 

1. Quippe qui nunquam legérim, For (or because) J have never read 
them. 

42. After dignus, indignus, idoneus, and the like, in the 
predicate, the relative and subjunctive mood may be rendered 
by the infinitive, (643, 1st, 7226) ; as, 


1. Dignus qui amétur, Worthy to be loved. 
2. Si dignum qui numerétur If you shall elect a person worthy to 
crearitis, be reckoned, &c. 


43. Sometimes the natural order of the sentence is in- 
verted, so that the relative clause stands first and the ante- 
cedent follows it. In translating, the antecedent clause should 
generally be placed first; as, 


850 LATIN IDIOMS. 


1. Qui bonis non recte utitur, ei Good things become evil to him who 
bona mala fiunt, does not use good things well. 
2. Qui cito dat, (2s ) bis dat, He gives twice who gives quickly. 


Correlative Adjectives. 


44, The demonstratives, tot, so many, and fotidem, just sq 
many ; tantus, as great, so great, as much, so much; tals, 
such; are followed by their relatives, quot, quantus, quails, 
signifying as, to denote comparison ; as, 














1. Tot homines quot, As many men as. 
2. Totidem naves quot, Just so many ships as. 
3. Tantus exercitus quantus, As great (or so great) an army as. 
4. Talis homo qualis, Such a man as. 
So also the correlative adverbs. 
5. Toties, quoties, As often —— as. 
6. Tam, quam, So —— as. 
7.220, quo, By so much —— as. 
8. Tanto, — quanto, By so much —— a5 5 08; 
In proportion as. 


45. Instead of the relative in such sentences, the conjunc- 
tions ac, atgue, (728, 1376,) ut, and the relative quz, que, 
quod, are sometimes used, and may generally be translated 
as. Ore bial. 

1. Honos talis paucis est delatus ac Such honor has been bestowed upon 
mihi, few persons as wpon me. 

2. Cum totidem navibus atque pro- He returned with just as many ships 
fectus erat reditt, as he had departed with. 

3. Nulla est tanta vis que non fran- No power is so great as (or, that it) 
gi possit, can not be broken. 

46. When the relative only is expressed in sentences im- 
plying comparison, the demonstrative (No. 44,) must be sup- 
plied, and the sentence translated as above ; as, 

1. Crocodilus parit (tanta) The crocodile lays (as larae) eggs as 


ova quanta anséres, geese lay. 
2. (Tot) millia quot unquam ve- As many thousands as ever came from 
nére Mycénis, Mycene. 


47, Sometimes, as in No. 48, the natural order of the sen- 
tence is inverted, so that the relative clause stands first and 
the antecedent follows it. In translating, the antecedent 
clause should be placed first; as, 


1. Quot homines tot cause, 
arran 


ge As many causes as there are men. 
Tot cause quot homines, 


LATIN IDIOMS, 351 


48. The relatives, guot, quoties, quantus, qualis, used tnter- 
rogatively, or in an exclamation, or indefinitely, in the indirect 
interrogation, and without implying comparison, have no ref- 
erence to an antecedent term either expressed or understood, 
and are translated respectively, “how many,” “how often,” 
“how great,” or “how much,” “what,” or “of what kind;” 
as, 


1, Inter. Quot annos habet ? How many years has he? i. e., how 
I old is he ? 

2. Indef. Nescio quot, I know not how many. 

8. Excl. Cum quantd gravitate! With how much gravity! 

4. Indef. Doce quales sint, Tell us of what kind they are. 


THE VERB AND ITS SUBJECT. 


General Principle. 


49. Every finite verb (244, 5,617, 5,) has its own subject, 
expressed or understood, in the nominative case. 


Obs. The subject of the verb is the person or thing spoken 
of, and may be a noun, a pronoun, a verb in the infinitive 
mood, a clause of a sentence, or any thing which, however 
expressed, is the subject of thought or speech. (304, 635.) 


General Rule of Arrangement. 


50. The subject and all the words agreeing with it, gov- 
erned by it, connected with it, or dependent upon it, must be 
arranged in the order of their connection and dependence, and 
translated before the verb. 


1. Canis latrat, The dog barks. 
2. Ego scribo, I write. 
3. Ludére est jucundum, To play is pleasant. 


4. Dulce est pro patrid mort, To die for one’s country is sweet. 
5. Totus Grecorum exerct- The whole army of the Greeks had 


tus Aulide convenérat, assembled at Aulis. 
6. Vir sapit qui pauca loqut- The man who speaks little is wise. 
tur 
’ 


51, When the subject of the verb is the infinitive, either 
alone er with its subject; or a clause of a sentence, connected 
by ut, quod, or other conjunctive term, the English pronoun, 
2, is put with the verb referring to that infinitive or clause 
following it, and which is the proper subject of the verb; as, 

3 


352 LATIN IDIOMS. 


1. Facile est jubére, It is easy to command. 
2, Nuntiatum est classem devinci, Jt was announced that the fleet was 
conquered. 
3, Semper accidit ut absis, It always happens that you are ab- 
sent. 
4. Qui fit ut metuas, How happens ?¢ that you fear. 
5, Nunquam Romanis placuisseim- That it never had pleased the Ro- 
peratorema suis milit- mans, that a commander should 
tbus inter fict, be killed by his own soldiers. 


52. The verb must always be translated im its proper 
tense, and in the same person and number with its nomina- 
tive. (See paradigms of the verb, 8§ 54-70, 277-301.) 
But when it has two or more nouns or pronouns in the singular, 
taken together, or a collective noun expressing many as in- 
dividuals, as its subject, the verb must be translated in the 
plural ; as, 

1. Et pater et mater venérunt, Both his father and mother have 
come, 
2. Turba quoquoversum ruunt, The crowd rush in every direction. 

53. The nominative to a verb in the first or second person, 
being evident from the termination, is seldom expressed in 
Latin, ‘but must be supplied in translating ; as, 


1. Scribo, I write. 3. Scribimus, We write. 
2. Legis, Thou readest. 4, Legitis, You read. 


d4. When the verb in the third person has no nominative 
expressed, it refers to some noun or pronoun evident from 
-the connection; and, both in translating and parsing, the_ 
prenoun ?zle, or ds, in the nominative case, and in the gender 
and nwmber of the noun or pronoun referred to, must be sup- 
plied; as, 
1. (Lille) scribit, (He) writes. 2. (Illi) scribunt, (They) write. 

55. When the same word is the subject of several verbs 
closely connected in the same construction, it is expressed 
with the first and understood to the rest, both in Latin and 
English; thus, 


1. Cesar venit, vidit, et vicit, Cesar came, saw, and conquered. 
2. Dicitur Cestrem venisse,vi- Itis said that Cesar came, saw, and 
disse, et vicisse, conquered. 


Interrogative Sentences. 


56. A question is made in Latin in four different ways, as 
follows : 


LATIN IDIOMS. 353 


1st. By an interrogative pronoun ; as, Quis venit? “Who 
comes?” Quem misit? “Whom did he send?” Cujus pe- 
cus hoc? “Whose flock is this ?” &c. 

2d. By an interrogative adverb; as, Unde venit? “Whence 
came he?” Owr venit? “Why did he come?” 

3d. By the interrogative particles, nwm, an, and the enclitic, 
ne. Thus used these particles have no corresponding English 
word in the translation; they merely indicate a question; as, 
Num venit, or an venit, or venitne? “Has he come?” Num 
videtur 2 “ Does it seem ?” 


i 


4th. By simply placing an interrogation mark at the end 
of the question; as, Vis me hoc facere? “Do you wish me to 
do this *” 


57. The interrogative pronoun or adverb, in all cases, is 
translated before the verb; as, 


1. Quis fecit? Who did it? or who has done it? 
2. Quem misit ? Whom did he send 2 

3. Quanto constitit ? How much did it cost 2 

4. Qualis fuit? What sort of a man was he 4 


This is true also of the indirect question; i. e., when the . 
substance of a question is stated but not in the interrogative 


form; as, . 

5. Nescio quanto constitérit, I know not how much it cost. 

6. Docuit quam firma res esset He showed them how ‘firm a thing 
concordia, agreement was. 


Note. When the verb in the direct or indirect question comes 
under 319, R. V., 666, R. VIL, the predicate, or nominative 
after the verb, is translated first, and the subject or nomina- 
tive, in the direct question after the verb, as in Ex. 4; but in 
the indirect, before it, as in Ex. 6. Thus, in Ex. 4, gualzs is 
the predicate, and z//e understood, the subject; in Ex. 6, res 
is the predicate, and concordia the subject. 


58. In all forms of interrogation not made by an interroga- 
tive pronoun, as in No. 57, the nominative or subject is trans- 
lated after the verb in English, in the simple forms, and after 
the first auxiliary in the compound forms; as, 


1. Videsne ? Seest thou? or dost thou see? 

2. An Venisti? Hast thou come? or have you come? 
3. Scribetne 2 Will he write ? 

4, Num ibimus ? Shall we go? 

5. Nonne fecit? Has ke not done (it) ? 


354 LATIN IDIOMS, 


5. An egisset melius ? Would he have done better ? 
7. Wogne alémus ? Shall we support 4 

8. Nenne Dei est ? Does it not belong to God 2 
9. Lste est frater ? Is that your brother 2 


oJ. When a sentence not interrogative is introduced by nec 
or neque, not followed by a corresponding conjunction, (See 
No. 124,) in a connected clause, the verb will be translated b 
an auxiliary, and the English nominative will stand after the 
first auxiliary ; as, 


1. Neque hoc intelligo, Neither do J understand this. 
2. Nec venisset, Neither would he have come. 
3. Nec adeptus sum, Nor have J attained. 


The object of the verb. 


60. In translating, the object of a transitive verb in the ac- 
eusative is arranged after the verb, and as near to it as possi- 
ble. That object may be a noun, a pronoun, an infinitive, or 
a clause of a sentence, (439, 714) ;. as, 


1. Romiilus condidit urbem, Romulus built a city. 
2. Vocavit eam Romam, He called it Rome. 
8. Disce dicére vera, Learn to speak the truth. 
4. Obtilit ut captivos redimé- He offered that they should redeem the 
rent, captives. 


61. The interrogative or relative pronoun is always trans- 
lated before the verb that governs it; as, 


‘ 


1. Quem mittémus 2 W hom shall we send 2 
2. Cui dedisti 2 To whom didst thou give it 2 
3. Deus quem colimus, God whom we worship. 
4. Cui omnia debémus, To whom we owe all things. 


62. When a transitive verb governs two cases, the imme- 
fliate object inthe accusative, according to the natural order, 
is usually translated first, and after that the remote object in 
the genitive, § 122, 792; dative, § 123, S55 } accusative, 
§ 124, 7345 or ablative, § 125, 917; as, 


1. Arquit me furti, He accuses me of theft. 

2. Comniro Virgilium Homéro, I compare Virgil to Homer. 
8. Poscimus te pacem, We beg peace of thee. 

4. Onérat naves auro, He loads the ships with gold. 


Note. The accusative of the person after verbs of asking, 
?s translated by of, or from; as, 


5. Pyrrhum auxilium poposcérunt, They demanded aid of (or jsrom) 
Pyrrhus. 


LATIN IDIOMS. 355 


63. But when the remote object is a relative, or when the 
immediate object is an infinitive, or a clause of a sentence, or 
a noun further described by other words, the remote object ° 
must be translated first; as, 


1. Cui librum dedinus, To whom we gave the book. 

2. Da mihi fallére, Give me to deceive. 

“ Dixit ei, confiteor meum peccad- He said to him, I confess my fault. 
tum, 

3. Ewn rogavérunt, ut ipsos defen- They entreated jim, that he would 
déret, defend them. 


4. Docuit illos quam firma esset, He showed them how firm it was. 
5. Civitatem, antea solicitatam, He supplies with arms, the city al- 
armis ornat, ready excited. 

64. When a verb, which in the active voice governs two 
cases, is used in the passive form, that which was the imme- 
diate object in the accusative, becomes the subject in the nom- 
inative ; and the remote object in its own case immediately 
follows the verb. Thus, the examples No. 62, may be ar- 
ranged and translated as follows, § 126, JO75. 


1. Arguor furti, T am accused of theft. 
2. Virgilius comparatur Ho- Virgil is compared to Homer. 
meé) "0, 

8. Pax poscitur te, Peace is begged of thee. 

4. Naves onerantur auro, The ships are loading with gold. 
So also the participles 

5. Accusdtus furti, Accused of theft. 

6. Comparatus Homéro, Compared to Homer. 

7. Onerdta auro, Loaded with gold. 

8. Nudata hominibus, Stripped of men. 

9. Ereptus morti, Saved from death, 


Impersonal Verbs. 


65. The impersonal verb has no nominative before it in 
Latin. It is translated by placing the pronoun 7¢ before it in 
English; as, (223, 2, 452.) 


1. Decet, It becomes. 4. Pugnatur, Tt is fought. 
2. Constat, It is evident. 5. Itur, /* is gone. 
3. Tonat, Jt thunders. 6. Curritur, Jt is run. 


66. Impersonal verbs governing the dative or accusative in 
Latin, may be translated in a personal form by making the 
word in the dative or accusative the nominative to the English 
verb, taking care always to express the same idea (223, 6, 


457). i 


356 LATIN IDIOMS. 


JImpersonally. Personally. 
1. Placet mihi, It pleases me ; J am pleased. 
2. Licet tibi, It is permitted to you; You are permitted. 
3. Decet eum, It becomes him; He ought. 
4 Pudet nos, It shames us; We are ashamed. 
5. Tedet vos, It wearies you ; You are wearied. 
6. Favétur, illis, | Favor is done to them; They are favored. 
7. Nocétur hosti, Hurt is done to the ene- The enemy is hurt. 
my ; | 
8. Miséret me tui, It moves me to pity of J pity you. - 
you; 
9. Penitet eos, It repents them ; T hey repent. 
10. Penitet me pec- Itrepents me, thatIl JL repent of having 
casse, have sinned ; sinned. 


67. When the doer of an action denoted by an impersonal 
verb, or by a passive verb used impersonally, is expressed by 
the ablative with a, (236, 6, 457,) the verb may be trans- 
lated personally in the active voice, and the doer, in the abla- 
tive, be made its English subject or nominative ; as, 


Impersonally. Personally. 
1. Pugndtur ame, It is fought by me; I fight. 
2. Curritura te, It is run by thee; T hou runnest. 
3. Favéetura nobis, Itis favored by us; We favor. 
4. Favétur tibia no- Itis favored to you by We favor you; or, you 
bis, Us ; are favored by us. 


Note. The doer in the ablative with a, is frequently under- 
stood, (especially when no definite person or thing is intended,) 
and must be supplied as the context requires; as, 


5. Ubi perventum est (ab illis, ) When it was ‘come by them, i.e., 
when they came. 
6. Descenditur (ab hominibus,) - Men (or people,) go, down. 


7. Conveniebatur (ab hominibus,) People assembled. 


68. Some verbs, not impersonal, are used impersonally, 
when used before the infinitive of impersonal verbs, (411,); as, 


Impersonally. Personally. 
1. Potest credi tibi, It can be trusted to You can be trusted; 66, 
you; 2. 
2. Non potest nocéri It cannot be hurt to the The enemy cannot be 
hosti, enemy ; hurt; 66, 7. 
3. Ut jfizri solet, As it is wont to be done; 


or, As is usual. 


69. Verbs usually impersonal are sometimes used personally, 
and have their subject in the nominative, (412, 842) ; as, 


LATIN IDIOMS. 357 


1. Doleo, I grieve, (Impersonally, Dolet mihz,) It grieves me. 

2. Candida pax homines décet, Candid peace becomes men. 

3. Ista gestamina nostros humé- These arms become my shoulders. 
ros decent, 


Usage of Videor, “I seem.” 


70. Videor, “I seem,’ though never impersonal in Latin, 
is often rendered impersonally in English; and the dative 
following it, seems properly to come under 528, Rule 
XXXII, 7746, to denote the person to whom any thing 
seems or appears, i. e., by whom it is seen; thus, Videor tibe 
esse pauper, | seem to you, (i. e., 1 am seen by you,) to be poor. 
Videor mihi esse pauper, I seem to myself, (i. e., I am seen 
by myself.) to be poor; or, I think that I am poor. So the 
following: 


1. Videor esse liber, I seem to be free; or, Zt seems that I 
am free. 

2. Videor mihi esse liber, I seem to myself to be free; or, /t 
seems tome, (or, 1 think) that I 
am free. 

3. Vidéris esse, You seem to be; or, Jt seems that 
you are. 

4. Vidéris tibi esse, You seem to yourself to be; or, Jt 


seems to you, (i. e., you think) 
that you are. 


5. Vidéris mihi esse, You seem to me to be; or, Jt seems 
to me, (i. e., I think) that you are. 
6. Tu, ut vidéris, non scribis, You, as you seem, (or, as it seems) 


do not write. 


Obs. The third person singular of videor followed by an 
infinitive, with its subject in the accusative, or by a depend- 
ent clause after wt, or quod, may be said to be used imperson- 
ally; though, strictly speaking, that infinitive with its accusa- 
tive, or that clause, is the subject, (See No. 51,); as, 


7. Vidétur mihi te valére, It appears to me that you are well; 
strictly rendered, That you are 


well appears to (or, is seen by) 


me. 

8. Lili vidétur ut valeat, It appears to him, (or, he thinks,) 
af that he (another person) is well. 

B Videtur sibt valére, It appears to him, (or, he thinks,} 


that he (himself) is well. He seems 
to himself to be well. 


358 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Verbs.—Indicative Mood. 


71. Verbs in the indicative mood are translated as in the 
paradigm in the Grammar. Care must be taken, however, to 
notice when the sense requires the simple, or emphatic, or 
progressive form. 

72. When the perfect tense expresses a past action or 
event extending to, or connected with the present, in itself or 
in its consequences, it is used definitely, and must be rendered 
by the auxiliaries, have, hast, has, or hath ; as, 

1, Regem vidi hodie, I have seen the king to-day. 

73. When the perfect tense expresses a past action or 
event, without reference to the present, it is used indefinitely, 
(Gr. 163, JO9S,) and can not be rendered by have, hast, has, 
or hath ; as, 

1. Regem vidi nuper, I saw the king lately. 


Subjunctive Mood. 


The subjunctive mood is used in two different ways, viz. : 
subjunctively and potentially. (Gr. § 42, Il., 264, IL. and 
§§ 139-141, 1761-1177.) 


Subjunctive used Subjunctively. 


74. This mood is used subjunctively, but for the most eet 
translated as the indicative, when it expresses what isactual 
and certain, though not directly asserted as such. This it 
does, 

1st. When it is subjoined to some adverb, conjunction, or 
indefinite term in a dependent clause, for the purpose of  stat- 
ing the existence of a thing, (without directly asserting it), 
as something supposed, taken for granted, or connected with 
the direct assertion as a cause, condition, or modifying circum- 


stance, (631, 1244) ; as, 


\. Ea cum ita sint discédam, Since these things are so, I will de- 
part. 

2. Si madeat, If it is wet. 

3. Quum Cesar rediret, When Cesar returned—was return 
ing. 


. Ita perterritus est ut morir@- He was so frightened that he died. 


4 
tur, 
8. Gratilor tibi quod rediéris, Iam glad that you hawe returned. 


LATIN IDIOMS. 859 


6. Si imperitavérint, Tf they have commanded, 
7. Si reliquissem, iniqui dicé- If I had left him, &c. 
rent, 
8. Quum Cesar profectus es- When Cesar had departed. 
set, 


Obs. In the first of the above examples, the direct assertion 
is disctdam, “1 will depart.” The dependent clause, ea cum 
ita sint, “since these things are so,” expresses the existence 
of certain things referred to without directly asserting it, but 
taking it for granted as a thing admitted or supposed, but still 
affecting in some way the event directly asserted. This holds 
good of all the other examples above. 

The dependent clause connected by ut, or ubi, “when;” 
dum, “whilst;” priusquam, “betore;” postquam, “after;” 
and other conjunctions, (629 and 630, 1237 and 1247) ; 
and also by qguum or cum, “ when,” (631, 1244) ) sometimes 
take the indicative mood. 


2d. The subjunctive mood is used subjunctively, as above, 
after an interrogative word used indefinitely, in a dependent 
clause, or in what is called the ¢ndirect question, 1. e., an ex- 
pression containing the substance of a question without the 
form. All interrogative words may be used in this way, (See 


627, 5, 1782); thus, 
9. Nescio quis sit—quid fiat, I know not who he is—what is doing. 


10. Doce me ubi sint dit, Tell me where the gods are. M 
11. Nescio uter scribéret, I know not which of the two wrote. 
12. Nescio quid scriptum es- I know not what was written. 
set, 
13. Scio cui, (a quo) scriptum I know to whom (by whom) it was 
esset, written. 


14. An scis quis hoc fecérit? Do you know who has done this ? 
15. An scis a quo hoc factum Do you know by whom this has been 


fuérit? done ? 

16. Nemo sciébat quis hec fecis- None knew who had done these things. 
Set 

17. Percunctatus quid vellet, Having enquired what he wished. 


Note. The direct question requires the indicative ; as, Quis 
fécit? “Who did it?” The indirect requires the subjunct- 
ive; as, Wescio quis fecérit, “I know not who did it.” 

75. This mood is used subjunctively, and usually translated 


as the indicative in a relative clause, after an indefinite general 
expression (636, 1227,) a negation, or a qnestion implying 


360 LATIN IDIOMS. 


a negation; and also after the relative in oblique narration, 


(650, 7297) ; as, 


1. Est qui dicat, ; There is one who says. 

2. Nullus est qui neget, There is no one who denies. 

3. Quis est qui hoc faciat, Whois there that does this 2 

4, Antonius inguit, artem esse edrum Antonius says that art belongs to 
rerum que sciantur, those things which are known. 


The Subjunctive used Potentially. 


76. The subjunctive mood is used potentially ; 1st, in inter- 
rogative sentences; and 2d, to express a thing not as actual 
and certain, but contingent and hypothetical, (Gr. 142, 2d, 
1205 ; 143, 1178). Thus used, it is much less aefinite with 
respect to time, and is related with some variety ; as follows: 
1. Present, by may, can, shall, will, could, would, should. 

2. Imperfect, by might, could, would, or should. 

3. Perfect, by may have, can have, must have, &c. 

4. Pluperfect, by might have, could have, would have, should have ; and, de- 
noting futurity, should. 

The most usual renderings of each tense are the follow- 
ing: | 


77. Present. 'The present subjunctive used potentially, 
expresses present liberty, power, will, or obligation, usually 
expressed by the English auxiliaries, may, can, shall, will, 
could, would, should. (§ 45, L., 1177.) 


1. Licet eas, You may go. 

2. An sic intelligat? Can he so understand it ? 

3. Men’ moveat cimex Pantilius? Shall (or should) the insect Pantilius 
discompose me # 


4. Quis istos ferat? Who could bear those men 2 : 
5. St hic sis, aliter sentias If you were here, you would think 
otherwise. 
Imperatively. 
6. Sic eat, Thus let her (or him) go. 
7. Eamus, Let us qo. 
8. Pugnetur, (Impersonally, ) Let it be fought. 
9. Dit faciant, May the gods grant. 


78. Imperfect. The imperfect subjunctive used potentially, 
is preceded by a past tense, and expresses past liberty, power; 
will, or duty, but still in its use expresses time very indefi- 
nitely. It is usually rendered by the English auxiliaries, 


LATIN IDIOMS. 361 


might, could, would, should ; sometimes had, would have, should 


hive; as, 

1. Leatbat ut disc éret, He read that he might learn. 

2. Quid facérem, What coud I do? 

3. Lret s jubéres, He would go if you should order it. 

4. Cur veniret, Why should he come. 

5. Roganérunt ut veniret, They entreated that he wou/d come. 

6. Si quis dicéret, nunquam pu- If any one had said it, 1 would not. 
taren, have thought it. 


Note. After verbs denoting to hinder, forbid, and the like, 
quo minus with the subjunctive, may be rendered by from and 
the present participle, (172, 8, 1230); thus, 

7. Impedivit quo minus iret, He hindered him from going. 


Obs. An action or state which would, or would not exist, 
or have existed, in a case supposed, but the contrary of which 
is implied, is expressed in Latin by the imperfect or pluper- 
fect subjunctive, without an antecedent verb or conjunction, 


625, 4th, 1265. (See An. & Pr. Eng. Gr. 864,) ; as, 


8. Scribérem, si necesse esset, I would write, if it were necessary. 
9. Scripsissem, si necesse fu- I would have writien, had it been 
asset, necessary. 


79. Perfect. The perfect subjunctive properly expresses 
what is supposed to be past, but of which there exists uncer- 
tainty. ‘Thus used it is commonly rendered by the auxilaries, 
may have, can have, &e. Itis also used sometimes in a pres- 
ent and sometimes in a future sense, with much variety of 
meaning, according to its connection, (§ 45, IIL, 2179); as, 


\. Fortasse erravérim, Perhaps I may have erred. 

2. Htsi non scripsérit, Though he cannot have written. 
8. Utsic dixérim, That I may so speak. 

4. Cittus credidcrim, I would sooner believe. 

5. Facile dixérim, I could easily tell. 

6. Quasi affuérim, As if I had been present. 


80. Pluperfect. The pluperfect (§ 45, 1V., 7297) is usually 
rendered by the auxiliaries, mzght have, could have, would have, 
should have, as in the paradigm of the verb. But when an 
action is related as having been future at a certain past time, 
it isexpressed in Latin in the pluperfect subjunctive, and 
translated should; as, 


1. Quodcunque jussisset me fac- I said that T would do whatsoever he 
tirum dixi, should order. 


362 LATIN IDIOMS. 


2. Promisisti te scriptiirum, si ro- You promised that you would write, 

gavissem, if 1 should desire it. 

38 Dum convaluisset, Until he should get well. 

81. the pluperfect subjunctive active, with guwwm, in verbs 
not deponent, is used instead of a past participle active, (182, 
8, 1244,) and may be rendered by the compound perfect 
participle in English ; as, 

1. Cesar, quum hec dixisset, Cesar having said these things; (lit- 
erally, Ceesar, when he had said 
these things. ) 

82. When the subjunctive has a relative for its subject, 
and the relative and antecedent clause involve a comparison, 
they may be rendered as in No. 40; or the sense will be ex- 
pressed if we render the relative by as, and the subjunctive 
by the infinitive; thus, 

1. Quis tam esset amens qui sem- Who would be so foolish as to live 


per vivéret, always. 
2. Nequetu is es quit nescias, You are not such aone as not to 
know. 


83. When the relative and subjunctive follow such adjectives 
as dignus, indignus, idoneus, (648, Obs. 5, 1226,) and the like; 
or when they express the end or design of something expressed 
in the antecedent clause, their meaning will be expressed as in 
No. 40, or by the infinitive alone, or preceded by the phrase 
“in order to;” thus, . 

1. Dignum qui secundus ab Rom- Worthy to be ranked next after Rom- 


_ tilo numerétur, ulus. 
2. Legatos misérunt qui eum accu- They sent legates to accuse (or, inor- 
sdrent, der to accuse) him. 
3. Virgas iis dedit quibus agér- He gave them rods to drive, (in order 
ent, to drive; or, so that with these they 


might drive. ) 


84. The subjunctive with or without wt, after verbs signify- 
ing to bid, forbid, tell, allow, hinder, command, and the like, 
(627, 1,3d, 7208, and 632, 1204,) may be rendered by 
the English infinitive preceded by the subject of the verb ir 
the objective case ; as, 


1. Precor venias, I pray that you may come; i. e., 4 
pray you to come. 

2. Dic veniat, Tell her to come. 

8. Sine eat, Permit him to go. 

4, Non patiéris ut eant, You will not suffer them to go. 


5. Non patiéris ut vescdmur, You do not suffer us to eat. 


LATIN IDIOMS. 363 

85. When several verbs in the same mood and tense, have 
the same nominative, and are connected in the same construc- 
tion, the auxiliary and “to,” the sign of the infinitive, in the 
translation is used with the first only, and understood to the 


rest; as, 


1. Et vidisset et audivisset, He might have both seen and heard. 

2. Et visus et auditus esset, He might have been both seen and 
heard. 

3. Cupimus et vidére et audire, We wish both to see and hear. 


The Infinitive Mood. 


86. When the infinitive is without a subject, it is to be con- 
sidered as a verbal noun, (659, 77179,) and translated as in 
the paradigm of the verb; as, 


1. Volo scribére, I wish to write. 

2. Iicitur didicisse, He is said to have learned. 

3. Dicitur itirus esse, He is said to be about to go. 

4. Dicitur itirus fuisse, He is said to have been about to go. 


87. When the verbs possum, volo, nolo, malo, in the indica- 
tive or subjunctive, are translated by the English auxiliaries, 
can, will, will not, will rather, and sometimes, in the past tense, 
by could, would, &c., the infinitive following is translated with- 
out ¢o before it; as, 


1. Potest fiért, Tt can be done. 

2. Volo ire, I will go. 

3. Nolo facére, I will not. do it. 

4. Malo facére, I will rather do it. 

5. Ut se volucrem facére vellet, That he would make her a bird. 
6. Nehil jam defendi potuit, Nothing could now be defended. 
7. Hoc facére non potutt, He could not do this. 

8. Nolite timére, Do not fear. 


88. The present infinitive is generally translated as the per- 
fect without “to,” after the imperfect, perfect or pluperfect 
tense of possum, volo, nolo, malo, when translated could, would, 
would not, would rather; and with “to” after the same tenses 
of debeo and oportet, translated ought ; as, 


i: Melrus ji ert non potutt, It could not have been done better. 
2. Volui di cere, I would have said. 

8. Sum ere arma noluit, He would not have taken arms. 

4. Maluit augére, He would rather have increased. 
5. Quam potuisset edére, Than he could have caused. 

6. Debuisti mihi ignoscére, You ought to have pardoned me. 


7. Dividi oportuit, It ought to have been divided. 


364 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Note. A strictly literal translation of most of the above 
sentences would not express the precise idea intended; thus, 
in the third sentence, “ He would not have taken arms,” and 
“Tle was not willing to take arms,’ manifestly do not mean 
the same thing. 

89. After verbs denoting to see, hear, feel, and the like, the 


present infinitive is often translated by the English present 
participle; as, 


. 


1. Audivi eum dicére, T heard him saying. 
2. Surgére videt lunam, He sees the moon rising. 
3. Terram tremére sensit, He felt the earth trembling. 


Obs. So also when the infinitive alone, or as part of a 
clause, is the subject of another verb; as, 


4. Morari periculdsum est, Delaying is dangerous. 
5. Morari periculdsum (esse) ar- They think that delaying is danger- 
bitrantur, ous. 


The Infinitive with a subject. 


90. The infinitive with its subject in the accusative, though 
but seldom, is sometimes translated in the same form in Eng- 
lish; as, 


1. Cupio te venire, I wish you to come. 

2. Quos discordare novérat, W hom he had known to differ. 
3. Hoc optimum esse judicdvit, He decided this to be the best. 
4. Hum vocaret jussit, He ordered him to be called. 


91. The infinitive with a subject, usually is, and always 
may be, translated by the English indicative or potential, ac- 
cording to the sense intended. When so rendered, its subject 
must always be translated in the nominative; and this, if not 


a relative, is usually preceded by the conjunction that, (§ 145, 
1185) ; as, 


1. Cupio te venire, I wish that you would come. 

2. dicit me scribére, * He says that I write. 

3. Hos ivisse putabat, He thought that they had gone. 

4. Quem nunquam risisse ferunt, Who they say never laughed. 

5. Rogavit quid faciendu m (. esse) He asked what he thought ought to be 


putdret, done. 


92. Both the Latin and the English infinitive, by their 
tenses, represent an act, &c., as present, past or future, at 
the time of the governing verb. Uence, when the one is 
translated by the other; that is, the Latin infinitive by the 
English infinitive, (Nos. 86 and 90,) any tense of the one 


LATIN IDIOMS. 365 


will be correctly translated by the same tense in the other, 
(except as in No. 88,) no matter what be the tense of the 
governing verb; as, 


1. Pres. Dicttver, Pres. Past. Future. 
. Past, Dicebatur, habéere ; habuisse ; habitirus esse. 
. Fut. Dicétur, 


. Pres. He is said, 
Past, He was said, to have; to have had; to be about to have. 
. Fut. He will be said, 


come wh 


93. But when the Latin infinitive, with its subject, is trans- 
lated by the English zndicative or potential, the tense used in 
these moods must be that which will correctly express the 
time of the act expressed by the Latin infinitive as estimated, 
not from the time of the governing verb, as in Latin, but as 
estimated from the present. That is, events present at the 
same time, or past at the same time, will be expressed in 
English by the same tense; an event represented in Latin as 
prior to the present time, (perfect infinitive after the present 
tense,) will be expressed by the English imperfect or perfect 
indefinite ; and an event represented in Latin as prior to a 
past event, (perfect infinitive after a past tense,) will be ex- 
pressed by the English pluperfect ; thus, 


1. Pres. Dicunt eum venire, They say that he is coming, or comes. 
2. Past, Dirérunt eum venire, They said that he came. 

3. Pres. Dicunt eum venisse, They say that he came. 

4. Past, Dixerunt eum venisse, They said that he had come. 

5. Past, Capérunt suspicari illam They began to suspect that she came. 


ventre, 


Note. The infinitive after the future does not follow this 
analogy, but is always translated in its own tense; as, 


Pres. ert. Future. 
6. Dicent ewn venire, venisse, venturum esse. 
They will say that he comes, has come, will come. 


94. 1. Present, past, and future time, are variously ex- 
pressed as follows: . 


Ist. Present time is expressed by the present tense, and 
generally by the perfect definite. 

2d. Past time is expressed by the ¢mperfect, perfect indefi- 
nite, and pluperfect,—by the perfect participle,—the present 
wnjinitive after a past tense,—the present tense used to express 
w past event, 157, 8, L1O82,—and by the present partici 


366 LATIN IDIOMS. 


ple, agreeing with the subject of the governing verb i m 
any of these tenses, 182, 5, 734.3. 


dd. Future time is expressed by the futwre and futdre per- 

fect. 

2. The infinitive of deponent verbs, is translated in the 
same manner as the infinitive active in the following examples 
in Nos. 95 to 100. 

3. After verbs denoting to promise, request, advise, com- 
mand, and the like, implying a reference to something future, 
the present infinitive, with its subject, is usually translated as 
the future, by should, or would, (See No. 100, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9,); 
as, Jussit, eos per castra duct, He ordered that they should 
be led through the camp. 

4. The Latin words for “he said,” “saying,” or the like, 
introducing an oblique narration, are often omitted, and the 
infinitive takes the form of translation corresponding to the 
tume expressed by the word to be supplied. 

From these principles are deduced the following directions: 
for translating the infinitive with a subject. : 


Present Infinitive after Present or Future Time. 


95. Direction J. When the preceding verb is in the pres- 
ent, the. perfect used indefinitely, or future tense, the present 
infinitive is translated as the present; as, 


Active Voice. 


1. Dico eum laudare, I say that he praises. 
2. Dizi eum laudare, T have said that he praises. 
3. Dicam eum laudare, I will say that he praises. 


Passive Voice. 


1. Dico eum laudari, « I say that he ¢s praised. 

2. Dizi eum laudari, I have said that he ¢s praised. 

3. Dicam eum laudari 4 I will say that he zs praised. 
‘Present Infinitive after Past Time. 


96. Direction II. When the preceding verb is in the 
imperfect, perfect indefinite, or pluperfect, or in the present 
wnfinitive after a past tense, the present infinitive is translated 
as the imperfect, or perfect indefinite ; as, 


LATIN IDIOMS. 367 


Present Infinitive Active. 


1. Dictham eum laudare, I said that he praised. 

2, Dixi cum laudare, I said that he praised. 

3. Diréram eun laudare, I had said that he praised. 

4. Cepi dicére eum laudare, I began to say that he praised. 


Present Infinitive Passive. 


5. Dicebam eum laud ari, T said that he was praised. 

6. Dizi eum laudari, I said that he was praised. 

7, Dixéram eum laudéari, I had said that he was praised. 

8. Cepi dicére eum laudari, I began to say that he was praised. 


Exc. 1. When the present infinitive expresses that which 
is always true, it must be translated in the present, after any 
tense, 157, 1, JOS1; as, 

9. Doctus erat Deum gubernadre He had been taught that God governs 
~  mundum, the world. 

Exc. II. When the present infinitive expresses an act sub- 
sequent to the time of the governing verb, it is translated after 
any tense, by the potential with should; would ; as, 


10. Jubet He orders 
11. Jussit te ire, He ordered that you should go. 
12. Jussérat He had ordered 


Perfect Infinitive after Present or Future Time. 


97. Direction III. When the preceding verb is in the 
present, perfect definite, or future tense, the perfect infinitive is 
translated as the imperfect or perfect indefinite ; as, 


Active Voice. 


1. Dico eum laudavisse, I say that he praised. 
2. Dizi eum laudavisse, I have said that he praised. 
3. Dicam eum laudavisse, I will say that he praised. 


Passive Votce. 


Dico eum laud datum esse, TI say that he was praised. 
Dizi eum laudatum esse, T have said that he was praised. 
. Dicam eum laudadtum esse, Iwill say that he was praised. 


. Dico eum laudditum fuisse, Tsay that he hasbeen praised. 
. Dizi eum laudatum fuisse, Ihave said that he has been praised. 
. Dicam eum laudadtum fuisse, I willsay that he has been praised. 


WO1 Hop 


368 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Perfect Infinitive after Past Tenses. 


98. Direction IV. When the preceding verb is in the 
emperfect, perfect indefinite, or pluperfect, or in the present 
enfinitive ajter a past tense, the pertect infinitive is translated 
as the pluperfect ; ‘as, 


Active Voice. 


1. Dicébam eum laudavisse, I said that he had praised. 

2. Dixit eum laudavisse, I said that he had praised. 

3. Dixéram eum laudavisse, I had said that he had praised. 

4. Capi dicére eum laudavisse, I began to say that he had praised. 


Passive Voice. 


5. Dicébam eum lauddtum esse, I said that he had been praised. 

6. Dizi eum lauddtum esse, — I said that he had been praised. 

7. Dixéram eum lauddtum esse, I had said that he had been praised. 

8. Capi dicére eum lauddtum I began to say that he had been 
esse, praised. 

9. Dicébam eum laudadtum yu I said that he had been praised. 
isse, 


10. Dixit eum lauddtum fuisse, I said that he had been praised. 
11. Dixéram eum laudadium fu- Lhad said that he had been praised. 


isse, 
12. Capi dictre eum laudadtum I began to say that he had been 
fursse, praised. 


Future Infinitive after the Present Tense. 


99. Direction V. When the preceding verb is in the pres- 
ent, or perfect definite, or future tense, the future infinitive with 
esse is translated as the future indicative ; and with fuzsse, by 
would have, or should have, in the pluperfect potential in a fu- 
ture sense; and fore, for futiirwm esse, is translated by will be. 


Active Voice. 


1. Dico eum laudatirum esse, I say that he will praise. 

2. Dixi eum laudatirum esse, Ihave said that he will praise. 
5, Dicam eum laudatirum esse, Iwill say that he will praise. 

4, Dico eum laudattirum fu- Isay that he would have praised. 


isse, 
, Divi eum laudatirum fu- I have said that he would have 
isse, praised. 


6. Dicam eum laudatirum fu- Iwill say that he would have praised. 
isse, 


LATIN IDIOMS. 369 


Passive Voice. 


7. Dico eum laud atum ii, I say that he will be praised. 
8 Dizi eum laudétum ii, I have said that he will be praised. 
6, Dicam eum laudadtum ii, I will say that he will be praised. 


Future Infinitive after Past Tenses. 


100 Direction VI. When the preceding verb is of the 
imperfect, perfect indefinite, or pluperfect, the future of the 
infinitive with esse is rendered by would or should; and with 
Suisse, by would have, and should have ; and fore, tor futirum 
esse, after any past tense, by would be; as, 


Active Voice. 
. Dicébam eum laudatarum esse, I said that he would praise. 


. Dizi eum iaudatirum, &c., ILsaid that ne would praise. 
Dixéram eum lauaatirum, &e. 1 had said that he would praise. 


Dicétbam eum laudatirum fu- I said that he would have praised. 
1sse, 

. Dizi eum laudatirum, &c.,  Isaid that he would have praised. 

. Dixé&ram eum laudatirum fu-1 had said that he would have 

isse, praised. 


forme) He Co bo mw 


Passive Voice. 


7. Dictbam eum laudadtum tri, I said that he would be praised. 

8. Dixit eum laudatum iri, I said that he would be praised, 

9. Dixéram eum lauddtum iri, I had said that he would be praised: 
10. Dicébam (dizi) eum fore tutum, I said that he would be safe. 


Usage of Fore. 


Obs. Fore is used for futurum esse, and, with a subject after 
present tenses, means “will be ;” after past tenses, “would be.” 
Both of them when followed by a subjunctive with wt, (678, 
1133,) after a present tense, may be translated by the future 
indicative of that verb; and after a past tense, by the imper- 
fect potential ; as, 


11 Credo eum fore tutum, I believe that he will be safe. 
12, Credébam or credidi, (credidé- I believed, (had believed) that he 
ram) eum fore tutum, would be safe. 


13. Credo fore (or futirum esse) I believe that you will learn. 
ut discas, 

\4. Credébam or credidi (credidé- I believed, (had believed) that you 
ram) fore (or futirum esse) would learn. (lit. it would be that 
ut discéres, you would learn.) 


370 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Participles. 


101. Participles are usually translated after their nouns, as 
in the paradigms of the verb; thus, 








1. Present active, Homo carens fraude, A man wanting guile. 

2. Future active, Homo scriptirus, A man about to write. 

3. Perfect passive, Vita bene acta, A life well spent. 

4, , Cesar coactus, Cesar being (or having 
been) compelled. 

5. (Deponent,) Cesar regressus, Cesar having returned. 

6. Future passive, Mala vitanda, Evils to be avoided, i. ¢., 
which ought to be 
avoided. 


Exc. But when a participle is used as an adjective, (182, 
8, 1343,) it is translated, like the adjective, before its sub- 
stantive; as, 

7. Tigrin ostendit mansuefactam, He exhibited a tamed tiger. 
8. In ferventibus arénis insistens, Standing on the burning sands. 


Future Participle Active. 


102. When the future participle active is used to express a 
purpose, end, or design of another action, (685, 1355,) it is 
rendered by “to,” or the phrase “in order to,” instead of 
“about to 3” as, 

1. Pergit consultirus oractla, He goes to consult (or, in order to 
consult) the oracle. 

Obs. The present participle is also sometimes used in this 
sense ; as, 


2. Venérunt postulantes cibum, They came to (or, tm order to) ask 
food. 


Perfect Participle Passive. 


103. As the Latin verb has no perfect participle in the 
active sense (except in deponent verbs), its place is usually 
supplied by the perfect participle passive in the case absolute, 
(692,); thus, “Cesar having consulted his friends,” rendered 
into Latin, will be, Cesar, amicis consultis, literally, 
“Cesar, his friends being consulted.” ence, 

104. When the action expressed passively by the perfect 
participle in the case absolute, or agreeing with the object of a 
verb, is something done by the subject of the leading verb in 


Lod 


LATIN IDIOMS. ys | 


the sentence, the participle is rendered more in accordance 
with English idiom, by the perfect participle in the active 
voice in English, agreeing with the subject of the verb, and 
followed by its noun in the objective case, (182, 8, 7344, and 
692, 967); thus, 


1. Cesar his dictis, profectus est, translated in the 
Latin idiom, Cesar, these things being said, departed. 
English idiom,  Cxsar, having said these things, departed. 
2. Opére peracto, ludémus, 
Latin idiom, Our work being finished, we will play. 
English idiom, Having finished our work, we will play. 
8. Pythiam ad se vocdtum pecunid instruzit, 
Latin idiom, He supplied with money Pythias being called to him. 
English idiom, Having called Pythias to him, he supplied him with 
money. 

105. The perfect participle of deponent verbs having an 
active signification, accords with the English idiom, and is best 
translated literally; as, 

1. Nactus navicilum, Having found a boat. 
2. Cohortdtus exercitum, Having exhorted the army. 

106. When the perfect participle of deponent or common 
verbs, expresses an act nearly or entirely contemporaneous 
with the leading verb, it may be translated by the English 
present participle in ing, (182, 5, Note, 134.3) ; as, 


1. Rerhoe facinus miradtus juvé The king, admiring this act, dis- 


nem dimisit, missed the youth. 
1. Columba delapsa refert sagit- The dove falling brings back the ar- 
tam, row. 


The Future Participle Passive. 


107. After verbs signifying to give, to deliver, to agree or 
bargain for; to have, to receive, to undertake, and the like, the 
participle in dus generally denotes design or purpose, and is 
rendered simply’as in the paradigm, or with the phrase “in 
order to,” prefixed (686, 13135) ; as, 


1. Testamentum tibi tradit legen- He delivers his will to you fo (or in 


dum, order to) be read. 
2. Afttribuit nos trucidandos He has given ns over to Cethegus 
Cethéqo, (in order ) to be slain. 


108. The participle in dus, especially when agreeing with 
the subject of a sentence or clause, generally denotes propri- 
ety, necessity, or obligation, and is rendered variously, as the 


372 


LATIN IDIOMS, 


tense of the accompanying verb and the connection require 
(687,) ; the following are examples: (7304.) 


1. Legdtus mittendus est, 
2. Legdtus mittendus erat or 
3. Legdtus mittendus erit, 


4. Legatum mittendum esse, 
mittendum fuisse, 


6. Dissimulanda loquitur, 
7. Dissimulanda loquebatur, 


8. Que dissimulanda erunt, 
9. Dic, quid statuendum sit, 


of the verb; as, (1349.) 


. Romilo regnante, 

. Hac oratione habita, 
. Cesare ventiro, 

. Preceptis tradendis, 
. Bello orto, 


ST Se OO ed 


fH OC 


wit, 


An ambassador must (or should) ba 
sent. 
An ambassador had to be sent. 


An ambassador will have to be sent. 
That an ambassador should be sent. 
ought to or should 











have been sent. 

He speaks things that ought to be con- 
cealed. 

He spake things which ought to have 
been concealed. 

Which will have to be concealed. 

Say, what is to be (or must be) thought. 


Ablative Absolute. 


109. When a participle stands with a substantive in the 
ablative absolute, R. L.X., the substantive is translated without 
a sign, No. 9, and after it the participle, as in the paradigm 


Romulus reigning. 

This oration being delivered. 
Cesar (being) about to come. 
Rules being to be delivered. 
War having arisen. 


Note. The future participles, Ex. 3, 4, are seldom used in 
the case absolute. 
110. When two nouns,—a pronoun and a noun,—a noun or 
a pronoun and an adjective, are used in the ablative without a 
participle, (695, 972), they are translated in the nominative 
without a sign, and the English participle “bezng,” inserted 
between them ; as, 


. Adolescentilo duce, 
. Mario consiile, 

. Me suasore, 

. Annibiali vivo, 

. Se invito, 


A young man being leader. . 
Marius being consul. 

I being the adviser. 
Hannibal being alive. 

He being unwilling. 


Gerunds and Gerundives. 


111. The gerund, being a verbal noun, is translated in the 


LATIN IDIOMS. 373 


same manner as other nouns of the same case, and at the 
same time may govern the case of its own verb 698; as, 


1. N. Petendum pacem, Seeking peace. 

2. G. Petendi pacem Of secking peace. 

3. D. Utendo libris, Zo (or for) using books. 

4. Ac. Obliviscendum injuriarum, Forgetting injuries. 

5. Abl. Parendo magistratui, By obeying the magistrate. 

6. Abl. Petendo pacem. With, from, in, by seeking peace. 


112. Of verbs that govern the accusative, instead of the 
gerund in the oblique cases, the Latins commonly used the 
participle in dus, in the sense of the gerund, and agreeing 
with its object in gender, number, and case; the case being 
governed by the same word that would have governed the 
gerund. When thus used, it is called a gerundive. (70%, 
k. LXIL., 1322, R. CLY : 


Gerunds. Gerundives. 

1. Ars librum legendi, 5. Ars libri legend, 
The art of reading a book. 

2. Utile vulnzra curando, 6. Utile vulneribus curandis, 
Useful for healing wounds. 

3. Ad litéras scribendum, 7. Ad litéras scribendas, 
For writing a letter. 

4, De captivos commutando, 8. De captivis commutandis, 


Respecting exchanging captives. 
113. When the gerund is the subject of the verb est, gov- 
erning the dative, it implies necessity, and is variously trans- 
lated into the English idiom, as the tense of the verb requires 


(699, 13035); as, 


Latin Idiom. English Idiom. 

1. Legerdum est mihi, I must read; I ought to read; I 
Reading is to me; i.e., should read. 

2. Legendum erat (fuit) mihi, I had to read ; I ought to have read ; 
Reading was to me ; I should have read. 

3. Legendum fuérat mili, I had been obliged to read. 
Reading had been to me; 

4.. Legendum erit mthi, I will have to read; it will be neces- 
Reading will be to me; sary for me to read. 

5, Dicit legendum esse mihi, He says that I must read—ought to 
He says that reading is tome; read—should read. 

6. Dicit legendan fuisse mihi, He says that I had to read—ought 


He says that reading was tome; to—or should—have read. 


Obs. The dative is frequently omitted, and generally when 
it denotes persons or things, in a general or indefinite sense. 


374 LATIN IDIOMS. 


In such eases, homint, hominibus, nobis, or the like, must be 
supplied; as, 
7. Vivendum est recte, (scil. homini- Living honestly is, viz.: tomen; i.e 


bus, ) men ought to live honestly. 
8. Dicit vivendum esse recte. (scil. He says that living honestly is, viz.: 
homini,,.) to a man; i.e., a man ought to 


live honestly. 


Supines. 


114. The supines are rendered without variation, as in the 
paradigm, and under the rules, ($ 148, 7360) ; as, 


1. Abiitt deambuldtum, He has gone to walk. 
2. Facile dictu, Easy to tell, or to be told. 


Passive Voice. 


115. The passive voice, in the indicative mood, is trans- 
lated as in the paradigms. ‘The subjunctive mood is subject 
to all the variety of construction and translation used in the 
active voice, Nos. 74-84, acting on the verb to de, which, as 
an auxiliary with the perfect participle, makes up the passive 
form of the verb in English. 

In the compound tenses, (186, 3, 340,) when two or more 
verbs in a sentence are in the same tense, and have the same 
nominative, or are in the same construction, the verb sum is 
commonly expressed with the last, and understood to the rest, 
as in the following Ex. 1. But when the nominative is 
changed, the verb “ to be” should be repeated, as in Ex. 2. 

1. Nisusa Minée victus et occisus Nisus was conquered and killed by 
est, Minos. 
2. Tres naves capt, decem demerse, ‘Three ships were taken, ten sunk; 


duo inillia hostium capta, tredé- two thousand of the enemy were 
cim millia occisa sunt. taken, thirteen thousand killed. 


Passive Voice in a Middle Sense. 


116. The Latin passive voice is often used to represent its 
subject, not as acted upon by another, but as acting on itself, 
or for itself, or intransitively, by its own impulse ; and so cor- 
responds in sense to the middle voice in Greek. Thus used, 
it is best translated by the active voice followed by the reflex- 
ive pronoun as an object, or by an intransitive verb expressing 
the idea intended, (136, 3, 8305.) The following are examples: 


LATIN IDIOMS. 375 


1 Laludibus abditi sunt, They concealed themselves in the 
marshes. 

2, Cum omnes in omni genére scelé- Since all give themselves up to every 

rum volutentur, kind of wickedness. 

3. Fertur in hostes, Rushes against the enemy. 

4, Voiutati super poma, Rolling themselves over the apples. 

5. Cingttur armis, Girds himself with his armor. 

6. Sternuntur tumilo, Throw themselves on the grave. 

7. Gallus victus occult dtur, The cock, when conquered, /ides 
himself. 


117. The verb sum governing the genitive by 364, R, XII, 
780, R. XXI., may generally be translated by the phrase 
“ belongs to,” “is the part,” “is the property,” &c. See ex-. 
planation under Rule; as, 


1 Est regis, It belongs to the king. 

2. Pecus est Melibai, The flock belongs to Melibceus. 

3. Prudentia est senectiitis, Prudence zs the characteristic of old 
age. 


118. The verb sum, (also desum) in the third person, gov- 
erning the dative by 394,S. R.U., 827, R. XXX., may gen- 
erally be translated by the corresponding tenses of the verb 
“to have,” with the Latin dative for its subject, and the 
Latin subject for its object; as, 


Latin Idiom. English Idiom. 


1. Luber est mihi, A book is to me, I have a book.: 

2. Liber erat miht, A book was to me, I had a book. 

3. Liber fait mihi, A book was (or has I had, or have had a 
been) to me, book. 

4. Liber fuérat mihi, A book had been to I had had a book. 
me, 

5. Liber erit mihi, A book will be to me, I will have a book. 

6. Libri sunt mihi, Books are to me, I have books. 

7. Est mihi, It is to me, I have it. 

8. Liber deest mihi, A book is not to me, I have not a book. 


119. When a compound verb, rendered by the simple verb 
and a preposition, is followed by two cases, the simple verb 
with the immediate object (always in the accusative,) is usu- 
ally translated first, and then the preposition with the remote 
object. 


1. Flumen copias transduxrit, He /ed his forces across the river. 

2 Circumddre menia oppido, To build walls around the city. 

3. Caput dejécit saxo, He threw the head down from the 
rock. 


5) 


376 LATIN IDIOMS, 


120. An adverb, adverbial phrase, or clause expressing 
some circumstance, in translating may often be arranged in 
different situations in a sentence, due regard being paid to 
the sense and harmony of the whole; thus, Magna debémus 
suscipere dum vires suppeétunt, may be arranged variously for 
transiating, as follows: 

1. Debémus suscipére magna, dum vires suppétunt, or, 

2. Dum vires suppétunt, debémus suscipére magna, or, 

3. Debémus, dum vires suppétunt, suscipére magna. 

121. The negative conjunction ne, is variously rendered lest, 
lest that, that—not, not ; and after verbs signifying to fear, for- 
bid, and the like, it is translated that, while wt in the same 
situation, means that not. 


1. Ne quis eat, Lest (or that not) any one may go. 

2. Orat ne se perdat, She entreats that he would not des- 
troy her. 

3. Egi ne interessem, I managed that I should not be pres- 
ent. 

4. Dum ne veniat, Provided he do not come, 

5. Respondit ne cogitdta quidem _—_ He replied that not even the thoughts 

latent, . are concealed. 
6. Vereor ne cadas IT am afraid that you may fall. 
7. Timui ut veniret, ~ I feared that he would not come. 


Note 1. But when the fear expressed, refers to such things 
as we wish, ne means that—not; as, Paves ne ducas illam, 
You are afraid that you do not get her to wife. 

Ne, after a.command implying a negative, or prohibition, 
is often omitted; as, cave tetubes, take care that you do not 
stumble. 

Note 2. Ne quidem, (always separate,) is an emphatic neg- 
ative, and has the emphatic word between; as, ne hoe quidem, 
not even this; ne tum quidem, not even then. 


122. Whena verb 1s translated into English by the aid of an 
auxiliary, an adverb, or clause modifying it, will often have to 
be placed between the auxiliary and the verb, (Eng. Gr. 413, 
An. & Pr. Gr.'936,)'; as, 

1. Dixit ne 0b hoc alios contenna- He said that we should not on this 
mus, » account despise others. 

123. Some prepositions are variously translated according 
to the meaning of the words, or the case with which they are 
connected ; thus, 


LATIN IDIOMS. 3772 


1. In, followed by an accusative, means to, into, towards, for, against, &c. 
(607, R. L., 9S7, KR. LXVIIL.) 
2. In, followed by the ablative, means in, upon, among, in, in the case of, 
(608, R. LL, 98S, R. LXXIX.) 
3. Inter, referring to two, means between ; to more than two, among. 
4. Sub means under, at the foot of, close up to. 
5. Pre means lefore, in comparison of,—sometimes, more than. 
124. When the following conjunctions, adjectives, and ad- 
verbial particles, are placed, one before each of two successive 
words or clauses, the first is commonly translated differently 


from the secoud, and usually in the following manner, (726, 


















































1374.) 
1. Et eh: Both and. 
2. Que — que, Both and. 
3. Aut, vel, ' aut, vel, f Either , 3 
sive, sive, 
4. Nec nee Neither —— nor. 
5. Neque neque, 
6. Sive, seu sive, Seu, Whether or. 
» Not only —— but also. 
7. Tum rie Both and. 
5 Not only — but also. 
8. Cum or quum tum, } Bon ant 
9. Jam — jam, Now —— then. 
10. Nunc nunc, At one time at another. 
Not only —— but also. 
11. Simul —— simul, No sooner — than. 
As soon as instantly. 
. . At one time at another. 
12. Modo, alias; ©—— modo, alias, } Beats PRM See 4 
Corresponding Conjunctive Terms. 
18. Ne an, Whether ——or. 
14. Utrum an, Whether or. 
15. Ita, sic, tam, adeo, ut, So that ; so—— as. 
16. Talis, tantus ut, Such, so great —- that. 
17. Is, ejusmodi ut, Such, of such a kind that. 
18. Simul ac, or atque,As soon as. 
19. Lamdiu — quamdiu, <As long as. 
20. Ut sic, s —— so. 





Ne is frequently 
supplied when an stands with the second ; as, 
21. Recté an perpéram, 



































omitted with the first word or clause, and must be 


( Whether) right or wrong. 


378 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Preliminary Suggestions and Explanations. 


1. There can be no pleasure either to the teacher or pupil in reciting, 
unless the lesson is thoroughly prepared. Pupils who are anxious to go 
over a great space in a short time should remember that a short lesson 
well prepared is vastly more profitable than a long one ill prepared. 
Nothing is more injurious than superficial learning. /'estina lente. Hence, 

2. No lesson should be assigned longer than can be thoroughly got by 
all the class. And no lesson should be allowed to pass, unless it is 
thoroughly prepared. 

3. Every word, at first, should be looked out in the vocabulary or dic- 
tionary, and its primary meaning, at least, fixed in the memory. And if 
more meanings than one are given, the pupil should try which will answer 
best in the sentence he is reading. Nor should he pass to another till he 
know all about this one—its class, gender, declension, &c., as directed, 
Gr. 774, 2419. And if he forgot, he should look it out again, and if 
necessary, again, till he know it thoroughly. 


4. Frequent and accurate reviews of the portion previously studied, are 
of great importance. This is the best way to fix permanently in the mem- 
ory, the acquisitions made. : 

5. Every instance of false quantity, either in reading or parsing, should 
be instantly corrected. Bad habits in this particular are easily formed, 
and, if ever, are corrected with great difficulty. If proper attention has 
been paid to this in going through the grammar, there will be less diffi- 
culty now. In order to assist in this, the pupil should commit to mem- 
ory and apply the few following— 


General Rules for the Quantity of Syllables. 


1. A vowel before another vowel is short; as, véa, déus. 


2. A vowel before two consonants, or a double consonant, 
is long by position; as, arma, fallo, axis. 

3. A vowel before a mute and a liquid, (/ and 7,) is com- 
mon; i. e., either long or short; as, voliécris, or volicris. 

4. A diphthong is always long; as, Cesar, aiirum. 

Note. In this work, when the quantity of the penult is determined by 
any of these rules, it is not marked; otherwise it is marked. 


6. The pupil should never satisfy himself with being able to rea¢ and 
translate his lesson, or even to parse it tolerably, but should try to under- 
stand the construction of every word, and the connection and dependence 
of every part; and moreover, should hold himself ready, if called upon, 
to answer such questions as the following, viz. : 


1. Questions that may be asked concerning every sentence. 


Has this sentence any connection with the preceding? If so—What 
is the connecting word? In arranging or construing this sentence, which 


LATIN IDIOMS. 379 


word do you take first @—which next ?—which next?. &e, Why? (See 
introduction—directions, &c.) In this sentence, what is the grammatical 
subject? What is the grammatical predicate? Whatis the logical sub- 
ject? What is the logical predicate? Which should be taken first? 
(§ 152, 2399.) In what voice, mood, and tense, is the verb? Why? 


2. Questions that may be asked when the words or the sentence 
render them proper. 


Is this sentence single or compound? If compound—What are the 
single sentences composing it? By what words are they connected ? 
Analyze thé whole, and each part, (§ 152, 2399.) Is this word simple 
orcompound? If compound—Of what is 1t compounded?’ What is the 
meaning of each part? What is the meaning of thecompound? Form 
other compounds and tell their meaning. Is this word primitive or de- 
rivative? If derivative—From what is it derived? What is its primary 
meaning? What is its meaning here? (If different)—How came it to 
have this meaning? What English words are derived from it? Change 
the verb, if active, into passive, and express the same idea—If passive, 
change it into the active, and express the same idea. Change the verb 
into different tenses, &c. 


Nouns. How do you know this word to be a noun? Proper? or com- 
mon? Why? In what case? Why? For what purpose is the nom- 
inative used? Is it the subject or predicate here? For what purpose is 
the genitive commonly used ?—the dative ?—the accusative ?—the voca- 
tive ‘—the ablative? For what purpose is it used, and by what is it goy- 
erned here ? 

Adjectives. How do you know this word to be an adjective? What 

noun or pronoun does it qualify or limit here? Is it compared? Why? 
Why not? (If a numeral)—To what class does it belong ? 
_ Pronouns. How do you know this to be a pronoun? To what class 
of pronouns does it belong? (If used substantively)—Instead of what 
noun does it here stand? (If adjectively) With what noun does it agree # 
(If a relative)—What is its antecedent ? 


Verbs. How do you know this word to be a verb? Of what class ? 
In what mood, tense, number, person? For what purpose is the indica- 
tive mood used ?—the subjunctive ?—the imperative ?—the infinitive ? 
For what purpose is it used here? For what purpose is the present tense 
used ’—the imperfect ?—the perfect definite (—indefinite @—the pluper- 
fect ‘—the future 2—the future perfect ? 

From what point is the time of the infinitive mood reckoned? (176, 
1126.) How is the present infinitive translated after a verb denoting 
present time?—past time ?—future time? How is the perfect trans- 
lated—(the future—the future-perfect) after a verb denoting present 
time ?—past time ?—future time? (§ 47.) In what mood is the lead- 
ing verb in oblique narration? (651, 7296.) In what mood are 
verbs in dependent clauses in oblique narration? (634, 229%.) For 
what purpose is the participle used? How does it become an adjective? 
How are gerunds used Fees? 


380 LATIN IDIOMS. 


Adverbs, Prepositions, Interjections, Conjunctions.—What is the use of 
the adverb? What word does it modify here? What is the use of the 
preposition? Between what words does it show the relation here? What 
is the use of the interjection? What emotion does it express here 2 
What is the use of the conjunction What words or sentences does it 
join here ? 

7. If the lesson contain names of persons or places, or allusions to 
events or fables, in history or mythology, or to the manners or customs 
of any people, let the pupil inquire into them and be ready to tell some- 
thing respecting them. This however should be only a secondary matter 
with the beginner, as it properly belongs to a more advanced stage; but 
still a little attention to it may serve to interest and stimulate him to fur- 
ther research. 


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Long’s Classical Attias. Constructed by W1rLu1Am Tues, 
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